在Oracle11g RAC环境下如何处理ORA-00845错误
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因机房空调停电原因机房温度过高而导致两个节点的Oracle11G RAC数据库服务器自动关机。等启动服务器后，发现数据库起不来，如题如下：
[oracle@DB-2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:35:31 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> exit
原因为初始化参数MEMORY_TARGET或MEMORY_MAX_TARGET不能大于共享内存(/dev/shm),为了解决这个问题，要不调整Oracle初始化参数要不调大/dev/shm。
Oracle原来参数文件相关参数文件如下：
orcl2.memory_max_target=68719476736
orcl1.memory_max_target=68719476736
*.memory_target=30558650368
orcl2.memory_target=68719476736
orcl1.memory_target=6871947673
操作系统的共享内存(/dev/shm)参数如下：
[oracle@DB-1 shm]$ cat /etc/fstab | grep tmpfs
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=131072M 0 0
通过vi /etc/fstab命令分别修改两个节点的size为64G，如下：
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=64G 0 0
[oracle@CRXJ-DB-1 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_crxjdb1-LogVol02
2.3T 1.3T 882G 60% /
tmpfs 64G 34G 30G 54% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 33M 152M 18% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_crxjdb1-LogVol01
9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp
重新尝试启动数据库，还是报ORA-00845错误，因此对将初始化参数文件spfile导出成pfile后进行编辑并重新生成spfile，过程如下：
[oracle@DB-1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:36:33 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora';
File created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.21
编辑相关内容如下：
orcl2.memory_max_target=64424509440
orcl1.memory_max_target=64424509440
*.memory_target=64424509440
orcl2.memory_target=64424509440
orcl1.memory_target=64424509440
重新生成spfile并启动数据库：
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora';
File created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.18
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@DB-1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:40:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.4137E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2219552 bytes
Variable Size 3.8118E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.5770E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 247029760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
数据库启动成功。
在另一个节点也进行类似操作，两个节点数据库都正常启动并运行，应用能正常访问了。
注：在节点一生成完spfile后，在节点二上企图启动数据库，但还是报错：
[oracle@DB-2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:35:31 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
查看操作系统信息：
[oracle@DB-2 ~]$ df -h|grep shm
tmpfs 64G 397M 63G 1% /dev/shm
[oracle@DB-2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:46:28 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora' from spfile;
create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora' from spfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '?/dbs/spfile@.ora'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
对于以上问题，从节点一把参数文件复制过来后直接生成spfile
[oracle@DB-1 ~]$ scp pfile_yu.ora DB-2:/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora 100% 1929 1.9KB/s 00:00
[oracle@DB-2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 2 10:54:48 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_yu.ora';
File created.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.4137E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2219552 bytes
Variable Size 3.3554E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 3.0333E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 247029760 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
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