怎么在Linux系统中安装MongoDB数据库

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关怎么在Linux系统中安装MongoDB数据库，文章内容质量较高，因此小编分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后对相关知识有一定的了解。

什么是Linux系统

Linux是一种免费使用和自由传播的类UNIX操作系统，是一个基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统，使用Linux能运行主要的Unix工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。

Mongo DB 是目前在IT行业非常流行的一种非关系型数据库(NoSql),其灵活的数据存储方式备受当前IT从业人员的青睐。Mongo DB很好的实现了面向对象的思想(OO思想),在Mongo DB中 每一条记录都是一个Document对象。Mongo DB最大的优势在于所有的数据持久操作都无需开发人员手动编写SQL语句,直接调用方法就可以轻松的实现CRUD操作。

一、安装配置mongodb

Step 1: 设置系统环境及确保缺省端口27107可用

###当前环境# cat /etc/issueRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)# vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabled

Step 2: 下载安装文件

下载地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads. 或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下载curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz

Step 3: 解压下载的文件

# pwd/usr/local/src# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz ###注，本文直接从网站下载，所以文件为.gz

Step 4: 复制解压文件到运行目录

# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb# cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/

Step 5: 设置环境变量

e.g. export PATH=/bin:$PATH# vi ~/.bash_profile  export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH# source ~/.bash_profile

Step 6: 创建数据目录

# mkdir -p /data/mongodata

二、启动及验证mongodb

###启动mongo# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata###以下内容为启动后输出的相关信息2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.182015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread started2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread started2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_22015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **    We suggest setting it to 'never'2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **    We suggest setting it to 'never'2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.0.62015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f22015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_492015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } }2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX  [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes...2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes...2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB, took 0.001 secs2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] now exiting2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 52015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 62015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit...2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup...2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ...2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread stopped2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files...2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] dbexit: rc: 0###修复启动过程中的两个警告，关于使用root用户启动mongo的警告先忽略# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag###再次重启，后置于后台进程，# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata &###查看启动后的进程# ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v greproot   11115 27956 0 10:11 pts/2  00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata# lsof -i:27017COMMAND  PID USER  FD  TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEmongod 11115 root  5u IPv4 50567119   0t0 TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)###使用mongo连接到mongod# mongoMongoDB shell version: 3.0.6connecting to: test2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open)Server has startup warnings: 2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > help    db.help()          help on db methods    db.mycoll.help()       help on collection methods    sh.help()          sharding helpers    rs.help()          replica set helpers    help admin          administrative help    help connect         connecting to a db help    help keys          key shortcuts    help misc          misc things to know    help mr           mapreduce    show dbs           show database names    show collections       show collections in current database    show users          show users in current database    show profile         show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms    show logs          show the accessible logger names    show log [name]       prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default    use         set current database    db.foo.find()        list objects in collection foo    db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )   list objects in foo where a == 1    it              result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate    DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x  set default number of items to display on shell    exit             quit the mongo shell> db.getCollection("version");test.version> exitbye

三、mongodb相关工具

###在安装文件下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相关命令行工具# more /usr/local/mongodb/README MongoDB READMEWelcome to MongoDB!COMPONENTS bin/mongod - The database process. bin/mongos - Sharding controller. bin/mongo - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).UTILITIES bin/mongodump     - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc.. bin/mongorestore   - MongoDB restore a dump bin/mongoexport    - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV) bin/mongoimport    - Import from JSON or CSV bin/mongofiles    - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS bin/mongostat     - Show performance statisticsRUNNING For command line options invoke:  $ ./mongod --help To run a single server database:  $ mkdir /data/db  $ ./mongod  $  $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:  $ ./mongo   > helpDRIVERS Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org. Use the  shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.###获取单个命令用法#  --help# mongod --help|moreOptions:General options: -h [ --help ]        show this usage information --version          show version information# mongod --versiondb version v3.0.6git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2

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