Python中的tkinter库怎么用

这篇"Python中的tkinter库怎么用"文章，文中示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要参考一下，对于"Python中的tkinter库怎么用"，小编整理了以下知识点，请大家跟着小编的步伐一步一步的慢慢理解，接下来就让我们进入主题吧。

TKinter
Python 的 GUI 库非常多，之所以选择 Tkinter，一是最为简单，二是自带库，不需下载安装，随时使用，跨平台兼容性非常好，三则是从需求出发的，Python 在实际应用中极少用于开发复杂的桌面应用，毕竟，Python 的各种 GUI 工具包都"一般得很"，不具备优势。

案例一

Label & Button 标签和按钮

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x100")  # 设置窗口的大小var1 = tk.StringVar()  # 定义tk变量l1 = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var1, bg="green", font=("Arial", 12), width=15, height=2)  # 设置标签，内容显示为var1变量l1.pack()  # 摆放这个标签hit_me1 = Falsedef hit_me():    global hit_me1    if not hit_me1:        hit_me1 = True        var1.set("this is tk")  # 给变量赋值    else:        hit_me1 = False        var1.set("this is tk, too")b1 = tk.Button(window, text="hit me", width=15, height=2, command=hit_me)  # 点击按钮，运行hit_me这个函数b1.pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例二

Entry & Text 输入和文本框

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x150")  # 设置窗口的大小e = tk.Entry(window, show=None)  # 如果输入密码的话，show="*"e.pack()def insert_point():    var = e.get()  # 得到文本输入框的值    t.insert("insert", var)  # 文本放到光标位置def insert_end():    var = e.get()    t.insert("end", var)  # 将文本放到文本框的末尾    # t.insert(1.1, var)  # 将文本放到第一行第一列b1 = tk.Button(window, text="insert point", width=15, height=2, command=insert_point).pack()  # 定义一个按钮，显示在光标位置插入文本b2 = tk.Button(window, text="insert end", width=15, height=2, command=insert_end).pack()  # 在末尾出插入t = tk.Text(window, height=2, width=15)t.pack()  # 注意不能一行写完，pack要写在下一行window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例三

Listbox 部件

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x150")  # 设置窗口的大小var1 = tk.StringVar()l = tk.Label(window, bg="yellow", width=4, textvariable=var1)l.pack()def print_selection():    var = lb.get(lb.curselection())  # 得到鼠标点击的内容    var1.set(var)  # 将值赋值给var1b1 = tk.Button(window, text="insert point", width=15, height=2,               command=print_selection).pack()  # 定义一个按钮，显示在光标位置插入文本var2 = tk.StringVar()  # 存储可迭代对象的值var2.set((1, 2, 3, 4))  # 列表也可，设置初始值lb = tk.Listbox(window, listvariable=var2)list_item = [1, 2, 11, 54]for i in list_item:    lb.insert("end", i)  # 向列表框中插入值lb.delete(1)  # 删除下标索引为2的值lb.pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例四

Radiobutton 选择按钮

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x150")  # 设置窗口的大小var1 = tk.StringVar()l = tk.Label(window, bg="yellow", width=15)l.pack()def print_selection():    l.config(text=f"you have select {var1.get()}")  # 将text重新赋值rad1 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="select a", variable=var1, value="A",                      command=print_selection).pack()  # variable=var1, value="A" 的意思是，将var1赋值成Arad2 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="select b", variable=var1, value="B", command=print_selection).pack()rad3 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="select c", variable=var1, value="C", command=print_selection).pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例五

Scale 尺度

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x150")  # 设置窗口的大小l = tk.Label(window, bg="yellow", width=15)l.pack()def print_selection(v):  # Scale调用函数，其有自动的传入值    l.config(text=f"you have select {v}")    s = tk.Scale(window, label="try me", from_=5, to=11, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,             length=200, showvalue=0, tickinterval=3, resolution=0.01, command=print_selection)# label设置名字，from to 设置刻度，orient设置方向，length设置长度，showvalue展示的值，tickinterval刻度，resolution精度s.pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例六

Checkbutton 勾选项

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x150")  # 设置窗口的大小l = tk.Label(window, bg="yellow", width=15, text="empty")l.pack()def print_selection():  # Scale调用函数，其有自动的传入值    if (var1.get() == 1) & (var2.get() == 0):        l.config(text="i love python")    elif (var1.get() == 1) & (var2.get() == 1):        l.config(text="i love both")    elif (var1.get() == 0) & (var2.get() == 1):        l.config(text="i love C++")    else:        l.config(text="i don't love either")var1 = tk.IntVar()var2 = tk.IntVar()cl = tk.Checkbutton(window, text="Python", variable=var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0                    , command=print_selection)  # 选择var1的值为1，否则为0c2 = tk.Checkbutton(window, text="C++", variable=var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0                    , command=print_selection)cl.pack()c2.pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例七

Canvas 画布

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("muy window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x200")  # 设置窗口的大小canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg="blue", height=100, width=200)image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=r"D:\programme\web\web_file\web学习\images\image01.jpg")  # 注意，只能导入.gif的图片image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor="nw", image=image_file).pack()  # 锚点为左上角，西北方向x0, y0, x1, y1 = 20, 50, 80, 80line = canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1)  # 画线oval = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill="red")  # 绘制扇形arc = canvas.create_arc(x0 + 30, y0 + 30, x1 + 30, x1 + 30, y1 + 30, start=0, extent=180)  # 扇形rect = canvas.create_rectangle(100, 30, 100 + 20, 30 + 20)  # 绘制正方形canvas.pack()def moveit():    canvas.move(rect, 0, 2)  # 移动正方形，使其往下走两个单位a = tk.Button(window, text="move", command=moveit).pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例八

Menubar 菜单

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("my window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x200")  # 设置窗口的大小count = 0l = tk.Label(window, text="", bg="yellow")l.pack()def do_job():    global count    l.config(text=f"do{str(count)}")    count += 1"""定义文件选项"""mb = tk.Menu(window)file = tk.Menu(mb, tearoff=0)  # 有没有分隔线mb.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)  # 添加一个功能file.add_command(label="New", command=do_job)  # 每一个选项都是一个功能，命令file.add_command(label="Open", command=do_job)file.add_command(label="Save", command=do_job)sm = tk.Menu(file)  # 在File里面继续添加命令file.add_cascade(label="Submit", menu=sm)sm.add_command(label="New", command=do_job)window.config(menu=mb)  # 将菜单添加到window上面window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例九

Frame 框架

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("my window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x200")  # 设置窗口的大小tk.Label(window, text="on the window").pack()# 添加框架fm = tk.Frame(window)fm.pack()fm_1 = tk.Frame(fm)fm_r = tk.Frame(fm)fm_1.pack(side="left")fm_r.pack(side="right")tk.Label(fm_1, text="on the frame_1").pack()tk.Label(fm_r, text="on the frame_r").pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例十

messagebox 弹窗

import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messagebox window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("my window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x200")  # 设置窗口的大小def hit_me():    tk.messagebox.showinfo(title="hi", message="hit")  # 注意，要导入模块，还有showwarning, showerror,"""tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel('提示', '要执行此操作吗')#确定/取消，返回值true/falsetkinter.messagebox.askquestion('提示', '要执行此操作吗')#是/否，返回值yes/notkinter.messagebox.askyesno('提示', '要执行此操作吗')#是/否，返回值true/falsetkinter.messagebox.askretrycancel('提示', '要执行此操作吗')#重试/取消，返回值true/false文件对话框import tkinter.filedialoga = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename()#返回文件名print(a)a = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfile()#会创建文件a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename()#返回文件名a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfile()#返回文件流对象a = tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory()#返回目录名a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilenames()#可以返回多个文件名a = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfiles()#多个文件流对象    tk.Button(window, text="hit me", command=hit_me).pack()window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

案例十一

pack grid place 放置

import tkinter as tk window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("my window")  # 设置标题window.geometry("200x200")  # 设置窗口的大小# tk.Label(window, text="pack").pack(side="top")# tk.Label(window, text="pack").pack(side="bottom")# tk.Label(window, text="pack").pack(side="left")# tk.Label(window, text="pack").pack(side="right")# for i in range(4):  # 行#     for j in range(3):  # 列#         tk.Label(window, text="grid").grid(row=i, column=j, padx=10, pady=10)  # 以方格的形式放置tk.Label(window, text="place").place(x=100, y=100, anchor="nw")  # 点的形式window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

登录窗口

import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messagebox window = tk.Tk()  # 实例化Tkwindow.title("login")  # 设置标题window.geometry("450x300")  # 设置窗口的大小user_info = [{"name": "admin", "pwd": "1"}, {"name": "user", "pwd": "1"}]  # 存储账号信息# 定义函数def login():    user_info_name = [i["name"] for i in user_info]    user_info_pwd = [i["pwd"] for i in user_info]    user_name = var_user_name.get()    user_pwd = var_pwd.get()    if user_name in user_info_name:        if user_pwd == user_info_pwd[user_info_name.index(user_name)]:            tk.messagebox.showinfo(title="欢迎回来", message="How are you")        else:            tk.messagebox.showerror(message="pwd error")    else:        answer = tk.messagebox.askquestion(title="warn", message="您还没有账号，是否需要注册？")        if answer:            sign()def sign():    def store():        new_pwd1 = new_pwd.get()        new_user_name1 = new_user_name.get()        user_info.append({"name": new_user_name1, "pwd": new_pwd1})        tk.messagebox.showinfo(message="注册成功")        window_sign.destroy()  # 关闭窗口    def close():        window_sign.destroy()    window_sign = tk.Toplevel(window)  # 窗口上的窗口    window_sign.geometry("350x200")    window_sign.title("Sign up window")    # user    tk.Label(window_sign, text="Name:").place(x=60, y=60)    new_user_name = tk.StringVar()  # 注意要使用.get()得到值    new_user_name.set("exampe@python.com")  # 默认值    tk.Entry(window_sign, textvariable=new_user_name).place(x=90, y=60)  # 输入用户名    # pwd    tk.Label(window_sign, text="Pwd:").place(x=60, y=100)    new_pwd = tk.StringVar()    tk.Entry(window_sign, textvariable=new_pwd, show="*").place(x=90, y=100)  # 输入密码    # 确认按钮    tk.Button(window_sign, text="确认", command=store).place(x=100, y=140)    # 取消按钮    tk.Button(window_sign, text="取消", command=close).place(x=170, y=140)if __name__ == '__main__':        tk.Label(window, text="User Name:").place(x=50, y=50)    var_user_name = tk.StringVar()  # 注意要使用.get()得到值    var_user_name.set("exampe@python.com")  # 默认值    tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_user_name).place(x=130, y=50)  # 输入用户名    tk.Label(window, text="Password:").place(x=50, y=90)    var_pwd = tk.StringVar()    tk.Entry(window, textvariable=var_pwd, show="*").place(x=130, y=90)  # 输入密码    # login Button    tk.Button(window, text="Login", command=login).place(x=130, y=130)  # 登录按钮    # sign Button    tk.Button(window, text="Sign Up", command=sign).place(x=200, y=130)  # 注册按钮    window.mainloop()  # 显示窗口

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