C#网络编程中常用特性有哪些

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特性一：委托

委托是C#语言中特有的概念，相当于C/C++中的函数指针，与C/C++中函数指针的不同之处是：委托是面向对象的、类型安全的和保险的，是引用类型。因此，对委托的使用要

"先定义、后声明，接着实例化、然后作为参数传递给方法，最后才能使用"。

1、定义委托使用关键字delegate:

delegate void SomeDelegate(type1 para1,......typen paran);

2、声明委托：

SomeDelegate d;

3、实例化委托：

d=new SomeDelegate(obj.InstanceMethod);

其中obj是对象，InstanceMethod是它的实例方法。

4、作为参数传递给方法

someMethod(d);

5、最后在此方法的实现代码中使用委托

private  void  someMethod(SomeDelegate  someDelegate){   .....   //使用委托  someDelegate(arg1,arg2,....,argn);  ...... }

通过委托SomeDelegate实现对方法InstanceMethod的调用，调用还必须有一个前提条件：方法InstanceMethod有参数且和定义SomeDelegate的参数一致，并且返回类型相同（本例中为void）。方法InstanceMethod的定义：

private  void  InstanceMethod(type1 para1,type2 para2,......,typen paran){   //方法体  .....}

委托的实例化中的参数既可以是实例方法，也可以是静态方法。

使用委托实现"文字抄写员"的小程序，界面如下：

在下方文本框中编辑文字，勾选"书写到"组框中的"文本区1"和（或）"文本区2"复选框后单击"提交"按钮，程序会自动将文本框中的文字"抄写"到对应的用户勾选的文本区中去。

代码实现如下：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Windows.Forms;namespace DelegateDemo{    public partial class FrmMain : Form    {        public FrmMain()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        //1、定义委托        private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);        //2、声明委托        private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;        /// 
        /// 提交        /// 
        ///         ///         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            if (chbOne.Checked)            {                gbJobOne.Text = "运行中......";                gbJobOne.Refresh();                txtJobOne.Clear();                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                gbJobOne.Text = "任务1完成";            }            if (chbTwo.Checked)            {                gbJobTwo.Text = "运行中......";                gbJobTwo.Refresh();                txtJobTwo.Clear();                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                gbJobTwo.Text = "任务2完成";            }        }        private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)        {            string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;            writeMethod(strData);        }        private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)        {            this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;        }        private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)        {            this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;        }        /// 
        /// 窗体加载事件        /// 
        ///         ///         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //设置文本框获取焦点            this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;            //this.txt_Input.Focus();        }    }}

特性2：多线程

多线程的具体介绍请参考博文：https://www.yisu.com/article/238731.htm

使用多线程实现上一节的程序，代码如下：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Threading;//引入多线程的命名空间namespace DelegateDemo{    public partial class FrmMain : Form    {        public FrmMain()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        //1、定义委托        private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);        //2、声明委托        private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;        /// 
        /// 提交        /// 
        ///         ///         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {           //创建线程1            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));            //启动线程1            thread1.Start();            //创建线程2            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));            //启动线程2            thread2.Start();        }        private void ExecuteTsk1()        {            if (chbOne.Checked)            {                gbJobOne.Text = "运行中......";                gbJobOne.Refresh();                txtJobOne.Clear();                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                gbJobOne.Text = "任务1完成";            }        }        private void ExecuteTsk2()        {            if (chbTwo.Checked)            {                gbJobTwo.Text = "运行中......";                gbJobTwo.Refresh();                txtJobTwo.Clear();                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                gbJobTwo.Text = "任务2完成";            }        }        private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)        {            string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;            writeMethod(strData);        }        private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)        {            this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;        }        private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)        {            this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;        }        /// 
        /// 窗体加载事件        /// 
        ///         ///         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //设置文本框获取焦点            this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;            //允许跨线程调用            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;        }    }}

特性3：C#方法回调

C#回调的具体介绍请参照博文：https://www.yisu.com/article/238731.htm#_label3

使用委托、多线程和C#的方法回调机制实现上一节的程序，代码如下：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Threading;//引入多线程的命名空间namespace DelegateDemo{    public partial class FrmMain : Form    {        public FrmMain()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        //1、定义委托        private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);        //2、声明委托        private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;        //定义并声明操作文本区1的回调        private delegate void WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(string strValue);        WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobOneCallBack;        //定义并声明操作文本区2的回调        private delegate void WriteTxtJobTwoCallBack(string strValue);        WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobTwoCallBack;        //定义并声明操作"任务1"分组框的回调        private delegate void ShowGroupOneCallBack(string strValue);        ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupOneCallBack;        //定义并声明操作"任务2"分组框的回调        private delegate void ShowGroupTwoCallBack(string strValue);        ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupTwoCallBack;        /// 
        /// 提交        /// 
        ///         ///         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {           //创建线程1            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));            //启动线程1            thread1.Start();            //创建线程2            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));            //启动线程2            thread2.Start();        }        private void ExecuteTsk1()        {            if (chbOne.Checked)            {                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                //使用回调                this.gbJobOne.Invoke(showGroupOneCallBack, "任务1");            }        }        private void ExecuteTsk2()        {            if (chbTwo.Checked)            {                //3、实例化委托                writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);                //4、将委托作为方法的参数进行传递                WriteText(writeToTextBox);                //使用回调                this.gbJobTwo.Invoke(showGroupTwoCallBack, "任务2");            }        }        /// 
        /// 执行自定义委托        /// 
        ///         private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)        {            string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;            writeMethod(strData);        }        /// 
        /// 给文本区1赋值        /// 
        ///         private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)        {            //使用回调            this.txtJobOne.Invoke(writeTxtJobOneCallBack, strTxt);        }        /// 
        /// 给文本区2赋值        /// 
        ///         private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)        {            //使用回调            this.txtJobTwo.Invoke(writeTxtJobTwoCallBack, strTxt);        }        /// 
        /// 窗体加载事件        /// 
        ///         ///         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            //设置文本框获取焦点            this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;            //实例化回调            writeTxtJobOneCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobOne);            writeTxtJobTwoCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobTwo);            showGroupOneCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupOne);            showGroupTwoCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupTwo);        }        /// 
        /// 操作文本区1的回调要执行的方法        /// 
        ///         private void WriteToTextJobOne(string strValue)        {            this.txtJobOne.Text = strValue;        }        /// 
        /// 操作文本区2的回调要执行的方法        /// 
        ///         private void WriteToTextJobTwo(string strValue)        {            this.txtJobTwo.Text = strValue;        }        /// 
        /// 操作"任务1"分组框的回调要执行的方法        /// 
        ///         private void ShowGroupOne(string strValue)        {            this.gbJobOne.Text = strValue;        }        /// 
        /// 操作"任务2"分组框的回调要执行的方法        /// 
        ///         private void ShowGroupTwo(string strValue)        {            this.gbJobTwo.Text = strValue;        }    }}

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