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Zabbix-Server数据库mysql的libdata1 mysqllog文件过大

发表于：2025-01-22 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日，今天我们的zabbix-server机器上线半年时间，占用了500G空间，我一步步排查结果发现是/var/lib/mysql/下的libdata1文件过大，已经达到了300G。我立即想到了zabbix

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日Zabbix-Server数据库mysql的libdata1 mysqllog文件过大

今天我们的zabbix-server机器上线半年时间，占用了500G空间，我一步步排查结果发现是/var/lib/mysql/下的libdata1文件过大，已经达到了300G。我立即想到了zabbix的数据库原因，zabbix的数据库他的表模式是共享表空间模式，随着数据增长，ibdata1 越来越大，性能方面会有影响，而且innodb把数据和索引都放在ibdata1下。

共享表空间模式：

InnoDB 默认会将所有的数据库InnoDB引擎的表数据存储在一个共享空间中：ibdata1，这样就感觉不爽，增删数据库的时候，ibdata1文件不会自动收缩，单个数据库的备份也将成为问题。通常只能将数据使用mysqldump 导出，然后再导入解决这个问题。

独立表空间模式：

优点：

1.每个表都有自已独立的表空间。

2.每个表的数据和索引都会存在自已的表空间中。

3.可以实现单表在不同的数据库中移动。

4.空间可以回收（drop/truncate table方式操作表空间不能自动回收）

5.对于使用独立表空间的表，不管怎麽删除，表空间的碎片不会太严重的影响性能，而且还有机会处理。

缺点：

单表增加比共享空间方式更大。

结论：

共享表空间在Insert操作上有一些优势，但在其它都没独立表空间表现好，所以我们要改成独立表空间。

当启用独立表空间时，请合理调整一下innodb_open_files 参数。

下面我们来讲下如何讲zabbix数据库修改成独立表空间模式

查看文件大小
l 查看系统空间利用率

[root@zabbix ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_zabbix-lv_root 1000G 468G 482G 50% /

tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot

查看文件空间占用情况

[root@zabbix ~]# du / -h --max-depth=1

12K /.dbus

4.0K /selinux

1.7M /tmp

du: cannot access `/proc/7012/task/7012/fd/4': No suchfile or directory

du: cannot access `/proc/7012/task/7012/fdinfo/4': Nosuch file or directory

du: cannot access `/proc/7012/fd/4': No such file ordirectory

du: cannot access `/proc/7012/fdinfo/4': No such fileor directory

0 /proc

4.0K /media

4.0K /srv

8.0K /mnt

1.2G /root

0 /net

36K /home

39M /etc

462G /var

29M /boot

1.1G /backup

7.7M /bin

16K /lost+found

3.5G /usr

0 /misc

27M /lib64

0 /sys

8.0K /opt

15M /sbin

164K /dev

149M /lib

468G /

[root@zabbix ~]# cd /var/

[root@zabbix var]# du . -h --max-depth=1

504K ./spool

139G ./log

4.0K ./tmp

8.0K ./db

103M ./www

244K ./run

16K ./lock

4.0K ./crash

4.0K ./account

4.0K ./local

12K ./yp

33M ./cache

4.0K ./preserve

4.0K ./cvs

4.0K ./games

4.0K ./gdm

4.0K ./opt

8.0K ./empty

324G ./lib

4.0K ./nis

463G .

[root@zabbix var]# cd log/

[root@zabbix log]# ll

total 145373448

-rw-------. 1 root root 2368 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.ifcfg.log

-rw-------. 1 root root 35914 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.log

-rw-------. 1 root root 181001 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.program.log

-rw-------. 1 root root 300366 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.storage.log

-rw-------. 1 root root 114857 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.syslog

-rw-------. 1 root root 28547 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.xlog

-rw-------. 1 root root 115596 Oct 24 2016 anaconda.yum.log

drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 5 19:50 audit

-rw-r--r-- 1root root 2607 Jun 5 07:00 boot.log

-rw------- 1root utmp 0 Jun 1 03:31 btmp

-rw------- 1root utmp 768 May 5 18:38 btmp-20170601

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 ConsoleKit

-rw------- 1root root 24280 Jun 5 10:30 cron

-rw------- 1root root 128516 May 14 03:23 cron-20170514

-rw------- 1root root 129746 May 21 03:40 cron-20170521

-rw------- 1root root 128931 May 28 03:12 cron-20170528

-rw------- 1root root 129139 Jun 4 03:31 cron-20170604

drwxr-xr-x. 2 lp sys 4096 Aug 17 2013 cups

-rw-r--r-- 1root root 69891 Jun 5 07:00 dmesg

-rw-r--r-- 1root root 69891 May 29 07:00 dmesg.old

-rw------- 1root root 0 Jan 1 03:32 dracut.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 345367 Oct 24 2016 dracut.log-20170101

drwxrwx--T. 2 root gdm 4096 Oct 24 2016 gdm

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jun 4 03:31 httpd

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 145708 Jun 5 10:03 lastlog

-rw------- 1root root 1629 Jun 5 07:00 maillog

-rw------- 1root root 4465 May 13 08:19 maillog-20170514

-rw------- 1root root 5153 May 20 06:42 maillog-20170521

-rw------- 1root root 5153 May 27 06:30 maillog-20170528

-rw------- 1root root 5158 Jun 3 06:28 maillog-20170604

-rw------- 1root root 78017 Jun 5 10:05 messages

-rw------- 1root root 1317112 May 14 03:05 messages-20170514

-rw------- 1root root 1068946 May 21 03:06 messages-20170521

-rw------- 1root root 86245 May 28 03:05 messages-20170528

-rw------- 1root root 86065 Jun 4 03:06 messages-20170604

-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 148857106048 Jun 5 10:30mysqld.log

drwxr-xr-x. 2 ntp ntp 4096 Nov 24 2013 ntpstats

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 89 Oct 24 2016 pm-powersave.log

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Aug 23 2010 ppp

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 prelink

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 5 00:00 sa

drwx------. 3 root root 4096 Oct 24 2016 samba

-rw------- 1root root 855 Jun 5 10:03 secure

-rw------- 1root root 1855 May 12 18:54 secure-20170514

-rw------- 1root root 207 May 15 07:00 secure-20170521

-rw------- 1root root 1455 May 27 19:02 secure-20170528

-rw------- 1root root 1503 May 31 23:22 secure-20170604

-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 spice-vdagent.log

-rw------- 1root root 0 Jun 4 03:31 spooler

-rw------- 1root root 0 May 7 03:47 spooler-20170514

-rw------- 1root root 0 May 14 03:23 spooler-20170521

-rw------- 1root root 0 May 21 03:40 spooler-20170528

-rw------- 1root root 0 May 28 03:12 spooler-20170604

drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Nov 23 2013 sssd

-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 tallylog

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 2016 wpa_supplicant.log

-rw-rw-r--. 1 root utmp 325632 Jun 5 10:03 wtmp

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45892 Oct 25 2016 Xorg.0.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 44521 Oct 24 2016 Xorg.0.log.old

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26974 Oct 24 2016 Xorg.9.log

-rw------- 1root root 1663 Apr 12 15:04 yum.log

-rw-------. 1 root root 6936 Dec 2 2016yum.log-20170101

drwxr-xr-x. 2 zabbix zabbix 4096 Oct 28 2016 zabbix

mysql.log日志文件占用空间过大，查看详细日志内容

[root@zabbix log]# tail mysqld.log

InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may havecopied the InnoDB

InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See

InnoDB:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html

InnoDB: for more information.

170605 10:30:29 InnoDB: Error: page 14091764 log sequence number 462 2253153679

InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequencenumber 76 3553747713.

InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may havecopied the InnoDB

InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See

InnoDB:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html

InnoDB: for more information.

查看数据库文件夹硬盘空间使用情况

[root@zabbix log]# cd /var/lib/mysql

[root@zabbix mysql]# ll -h

total 324G

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 324G Jun 5 15:15 ibdata1

-rw-rw---- 1mysql mysql 5.0M Jun 5 15:15 ib_logfile0

-rw-rw---- 1mysql mysql 5.0M Jun 5 15:15 ib_logfile1

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Oct 28 2016 mysql

srwxrwxrwx 1mysql mysql 0 Jun 5 14:54 mysql.sock

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Jun 5 12:39 zabbix

-rw-r--r-- 1root root 251M Jun 5 15:15 zabbix02.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1root root 0 Jun 5 15:06 zabbix.sql

发现ibdata1 文件占用空间过大

2.清除zabbix数据库历史数据

1)查看哪些表的历史数据比较多

mysql> SELECT table_name AS "Tables",round(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024), 2) "Size in MB"FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema = 'zabbix' ORDER BY(data_length + index_length) DESC;

+----------------------------+------------+

| Tables | Size in MB |

+----------------------------+------------+

| events | 181851.00 |

| history_uint | 92227.30 |

| history | 4590.27 |

| trends_uint | 3851.88 |

| history_str | 309.39 |

| trends | 156.75 |

| history_log | 89.17 |

| items | 36.41 |

| item_discovery | 6.23 |

| items_applications | 6.17 |

| alerts | 3.45 |

| triggers | 1.69 |

| p_w_picpaths | 1.53 |

| application_template | 0.63 |

| auditlog | 0.55 |

| acknowledges | 0.55 |

| functions | 0.48 |

| graphs | 0.47 |

| graphs_items | 0.44 |

| applications | 0.41 |

| hosts | 0.33 |

| hosts_groups | 0.27 |

| hostmacro | 0.22 |

| history_text | 0.22 |

| trigger_discovery | 0.20 |

| screens_items | 0.16 |

| profiles | 0.16 |

| graph_discovery | 0.13 |

| auditlog_details | 0.13 |

| hosts_templates | 0.11 |

| sysmaps_elements | 0.09 |

| host_discovery | 0.09 |

| interface | 0.09 |

| httptest | 0.08 |

| sysmaps | 0.08 |

| sysmaps_links | 0.06 |

| scripts | 0.06 |

| group_prototype | 0.06 |

| interface_discovery | 0.06 |

| drules | 0.05 |

| icon_mapping | 0.05 |

| users_groups | 0.05 |

| slideshows | 0.05 |

| media | 0.05 |

| icon_map | 0.05 |

| service_alarms | 0.05 |

| opgroup | 0.05 |

| slideshow_usrgrp | 0.05 |

| httptestitem | 0.05 |

| sysmaps_link_triggers | 0.05 |

| item_application_prototype | 0.05 |

| slideshow_user | 0.05 |

| application_prototype | 0.05 |

| maintenances_windows | 0.05 |

| slides | 0.05 |

| application_discovery | 0.05 |

| maintenances_hosts | 0.05 |

| httpstepitem | 0.05 |

| screens | 0.05 |

| config | 0.05 |

| trigger_depends | 0.05 |

| optemplate | 0.05 |

| maintenances_groups | 0.05 |

| sysmap_usrgrp | 0.05 |

| screen_usrgrp | 0.05 |

| opcommand_hst | 0.05 |

| opmessage_usr | 0.05 |

| actions | 0.05 |

| maintenances | 0.05 |

| sysmap_user | 0.05 |

| screen_user | 0.05 |

| opcommand_grp | 0.05 |

| services_links | 0.05 |

| dservices | 0.05 |

| opmessage_grp | 0.05 |

| rights | 0.05 |

| services | 0.03 |

| opmessage | 0.03 |

| usrgrp | 0.03 |

| sysmap_element_url | 0.03 |

| regexps | 0.03 |

| media_type | 0.03 |

| dhosts | 0.03 |

| proxy_history | 0.03 |

| item_condition | 0.03 |

| users | 0.03 |

| globalmacro | 0.03 |

| proxy_dhistory | 0.03 |

| mappings | 0.03 |

| groups | 0.03 |

| dchecks | 0.03 |

| proxy_autoreg_host | 0.03 |

| operations | 0.03 |

| expressions | 0.03 |

| group_discovery | 0.03 |

| opconditions | 0.03 |

| sessions | 0.03 |

| httpstep | 0.03 |

| conditions | 0.03 |

| services_times | 0.03 |

| escalations | 0.03 |

| autoreg_host | 0.03 |

| valuemaps | 0.03 |

| sysmap_url | 0.03 |

| graph_theme | 0.03 |

| opcommand | 0.03 |

| timeperiods | 0.02 |

| opinventory | 0.02 |

| globalvars | 0.02 |

| host_inventory | 0.02 |

| dbversion | 0.02 |

| housekeeper | 0.02 |

| ids | 0.02 |

+----------------------------+------------+

113 rows in set (7.31 sec)

可以看到events、history和history_uint这三个表的历史数据最多。

由于数据量太大，按照普通的方式delete数据的话基本上不太可能。

所以决定直接采用truncatetable的方式来快速清空这些表的数据，再使用mysqldump导出数据，删除共享表空间数据文件，重新导入数据。其中events空间过大，尝试truncatetable无果，果断抛弃

2）停止相关服务，避免写入数据

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/zabbix_server stop

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd stop

3）清空历史数据

[root@zabbix ~]#mysql -uroot -p

mysql > use zabbix;

Database changed

mysql > truncate table history;

Query OK, 123981681 rows affected (0.23 sec)

mysql > optimize table history;

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql > truncate table history_uint;

Query OK, 57990562 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql > optimize table history_uint;

1 row in set (0.03 sec)

3.备份数据库

[root@zabbix~]#mysqldump -uroot -p zabbix > /data/zabbix.sql

4.停止数据库并删除共享表空间数据文件

1)停止数据库

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

2）删除共享表空间数据文件

[root@zabbix ~]#cd /var/lib/mysql

[root@zabbix ~]#rm -rf ib*

[root@zabbix ~]#mkdir /tmp/zabbix

[root@zabbix ~]#mv zabbix/* /tmp/zabbix

5.增加innodb_file_per_table参数

[root@zabbix ~]#vi /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]下设置

innodb_file_per_table=1

6.启动mysql

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/mysqld start

7.查看innodb_file_per_table参数是否生效

[root@zabbix ~]#mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show variables like '%per_table%';

+-----------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------------+-------+

| innodb_file_per_table | ON |

+-----------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

8.重新导入数据库

mysql >use zabbix;

mysql >source mysql.sql

9.最后，恢复相关服务进程

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/zabbix_server start

[root@zabbix ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd start

恢复完服务之后，查看/分区的容量就下去了，之前是50%，处理完之后变成了2%。可见其成效

[root@zabbix ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_zabbix-lv_root 1000G 13G 936G 2% /

tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot

mysql> select table_name, (data_length+index_length)/1024/1024 as total_mb,table_rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix' order bytable_rows;

+----------------------------+---------------+------------+

| table_name | total_mb | table_rows |

+----------------------------+---------------+------------+

| slideshows | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| globalvars | 0.01562500 | 0 |

| proxy_history | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| icon_map | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| sysmaps_links | 0.06250000 | 0 |

| service_alarms | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| opinventory | 0.01562500 | 0 |

| slideshow_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| proxy_dhistory | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| sysmaps_link_triggers | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| proxy_autoreg_host | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| application_prototype | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| maintenances_windows | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| item_application_prototype | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| host_inventory | 0.01562500 | 0 |

| slideshow_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| application_discovery | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| maintenances_hosts | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| opconditions | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| slides | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| maintenances_groups | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| sysmap_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| screen_usrgrp | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| opcommand_hst | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| maintenances | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| housekeeper | 0.01562500 | 0 |

| sysmap_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| screen_user | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| opcommand_grp | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| services_times | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| escalations | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| sysmap_url | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| opcommand | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| services_links | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| sysmap_element_url | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| icon_mapping | 0.04687500 | 0 |

| timeperiods | 0.01562500 | 0 |

| services | 0.03125000 | 0 |

| httptest | 0.07812500 | 1 |

| sysmaps_elements | 0.09375000 | 1 |

| dbversion | 0.01562500 | 1 |

| sysmaps | 0.07812500 | 1 |

| config | 0.04687500 | 1 |

| autoreg_host | 0.03125000 | 1 |

| globalmacro | 0.03125000 | 2 |

| optemplate | 0.04687500 | 2 |

| opmessage_usr | 0.04687500 | 2 |

| graph_theme | 0.03125000 | 2 |

| media | 0.04687500 | 3 |

| users_groups | 0.04687500 | 3 |

| httptestitem | 0.04687500 | 3 |

| scripts | 0.06250000 | 3 |

| dchecks | 0.03125000 | 3 |

| opgroup | 0.04687500 | 3 |

| users | 0.03125000 | 3 |

| httpstep | 0.03125000 | 3 |

| regexps | 0.03125000 | 3 |

| media_type | 0.03125000 | 3 |

| drules | 0.04687500 | 3 |

| expressions | 0.03125000 | 4 |

| opmessage_grp | 0.04687500 | 4 |

| usrgrp | 0.03125000 | 5 |

| opmessage | 0.03125000 | 6 |

| httpstepitem | 0.04687500 | 9 |

| actions | 0.04687500 | 9 |

| dhosts | 0.03125000 | 12 |

| operations | 0.03125000 | 14 |

| dservices | 0.04687500 | 14 |

| group_prototype | 0.06250000 | 15 |

| conditions | 0.03125000 | 17 |

| rights | 0.04687500 | 17 |

| group_discovery | 0.03125000 | 19 |

| valuemaps | 0.03125000 | 21 |

| screens | 0.04687500 | 24 |

| groups | 0.03125000 | 31 |

| item_condition | 0.03125000 | 31 |

| sessions | 0.03125000 | 39 |

| ids | 0.01562500 | 46 |

| trigger_depends | 0.04687500 | 51 |

| mappings | 0.03125000 | 100 |

| hosts_templates | 0.12500000 | 181 |

| p_w_picpaths | 1.53125000 | 192 |

| host_discovery | 0.09375000 | 361 |

| interface_discovery | 0.06250000 | 515 |

| hosts | 0.32812500 | 516 |

| profiles | 0.17187500 | 659 |

| interface | 0.09375000 | 691 |

| auditlog_details | 0.12500000 | 707 |

| events | 0.17187500 | 759 |

| screens_items | 0.15625000 | 805 |

| history_text | 0.18750000 | 1201 |

| graph_discovery | 0.12500000 | 1217 |

| graphs | 0.46875000 | 1330 |

| hosts_groups | 0.26562500 | 1381 |

| hostmacro | 0.21875000 | 1569 |

| trigger_discovery | 0.20312500 | 2017 |

| acknowledges | 0.54687500 | 2408 |

| auditlog | 0.53125000 | 2546 |

| graphs_items | 0.43750000 | 2706 |

| triggers | 0.68750000 | 2900 |

| functions | 0.50000000 | 3134 |

| application_template | 0.51562500 | 4364 |

| applications | 0.42187500 | 4512 |

| history | 0.46875000 | 4780 |

| alerts | 3.46875000 | 6242 |

| item_discovery | 5.54687500 | 26567 |

| items_applications | 6.54687500 | 30181 |

| items | 24.12500000 | 34425 |

| history_uint | 12.03125000 | 123327 |

| history_log | 88.67187500 | 479448 |

| history_str | 76.17187500 | 743970 |

| trends | 122.68750000 | 2023329 |

| trends_uint | 3076.00000000 | 51097289 |

+----------------------------+---------------+------------+

113 rows in set (0.55 sec)

备注：truncate table events，太久没看到效果，尝试用delete shell脚本

#!/bin/bash

#delete events table

# edit by john zheng 20170606

i=1

while [ $i -lt events_id最大值 ];

echo "$i"

mysql -uroot -p密码 -e"

use zabbix;

delete from events where eventid < $i;"

i=`expr $i '+' 100000`

done

尝试失败，时间更久，直接放弃，只保留events创建表语句

mysql> show create table events;

+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table |

| events | CREATE TABLE `events` (

`eventid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,

`source` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`object` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`objectid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`value` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`acknowledged` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

`ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

PRIMARY KEY (`eventid`),

KEY `events_1` (`source`,`object`,`objectid`,`clock`),