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mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复

发表于:2024-11-27 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月27日,本文小编为大家详细介绍"mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复",内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇"mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复"文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月27日mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复

本文小编为大家详细介绍"mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复",内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇"mysql的frm文件报错怎么修复"文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来学习新知识吧。

在mysql中,frm的意思为"表定义",是描述数据表结构的文件。frm文件是用来保存每个数据表的元数据信息,包括表结构的定义等。frm文件跟数据库存储引擎无关,也就是任何存储引擎的数据表都必须有frm文件,命名方式为"数据表名.frm"。

本教程操作环境:windows7系统、mysql8版本、Dell G3电脑。

在mysql中,frm的意思为"表定义",是描述数据表结构的文件。

在MYSQL中建立任何一张数据表,在其数据目录对应的数据库目录下都有对应表的.frm文件,.frm文件是用来保存每个数据表的元数据(meta)信息,包括表结构的定义等。

.frm文件跟数据库存储引擎无关,也就是任何存储引擎的数据表都必须有.frm文件,命名方式为数据表名.frm,如user.frm. .frm文件可以用来在数据库崩溃时恢复表结构。

通常frm文件是不会损坏的,但是如果出现特殊情况出现frm文件损坏也不要放弃希望,例如下面报错:

150821 16:31:27 [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql51/libexec/mysqld: Incorrect information in file: './t/test1.frm'

当修复MyISAM和InnoDB表时,MySQL服务会首先去调用frm文件,所以我们只能通过修复frm文件进行后面的数据恢复。

MySQL通过sql/table.cc的create_frm()函数创建frm文件,创建出来的frm文件是二进制文件,需要通过hexdump解析成16进制来分析。

create_frm()函数对frm文件头部定义的代码

/* Create a .frm file */File create_frm(THD *thd, const char *name, const char *db,                const char *table, uint reclength, uchar *fileinfo,          HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info, uint keys, KEY *key_info){  register File file;  ulong length;  uchar fill[IO_SIZE];  int create_flags= O_RDWR | O_TRUNC;  ulong key_comment_total_bytes= 0;  uint i;  if (create_info->options & HA_LEX_CREATE_TMP_TABLE)    create_flags|= O_EXCL | O_NOFOLLOW;  /* Fix this when we have new .frm files;  Current limit is 4G rows (QQ) */  if (create_info->max_rows > UINT_MAX32)    create_info->max_rows= UINT_MAX32;  if (create_info->min_rows > UINT_MAX32)    create_info->min_rows= UINT_MAX32;  if ((file= mysql_file_create(key_file_frm,                               name, CREATE_MODE, create_flags, MYF(0))) >= 0)  {    uint key_length, tmp_key_length, tmp, csid;    bzero((char*) fileinfo,64);    /* header */    fileinfo[0]=(uchar) 254;    fileinfo[1]= 1;    fileinfo[2]= FRM_VER+3+ test(create_info->varchar);    fileinfo[3]= (uchar) ha_legacy_type(          ha_checktype(thd,ha_legacy_type(create_info->db_type),0,0));    fileinfo[4]=1;    int2store(fileinfo+6,IO_SIZE);        /* Next block starts here */    /*      Keep in sync with pack_keys() in unireg.cc      For each key:      8 bytes for the key header      9 bytes for each key-part (MAX_REF_PARTS)      NAME_LEN bytes for the name      1 byte for the NAMES_SEP_CHAR (before the name)      For all keys:      6 bytes for the header      1 byte for the NAMES_SEP_CHAR (after the last name)      9 extra bytes (padding for safety? alignment?)    */    for (i= 0; i < keys; i++)    {      DBUG_ASSERT(test(key_info[i].flags & HA_USES_COMMENT) ==                  (key_info[i].comment.length > 0));      if (key_info[i].flags & HA_USES_COMMENT)        key_comment_total_bytes += 2 + key_info[i].comment.length;    }    key_length= keys * (8 + MAX_REF_PARTS * 9 + NAME_LEN + 1) + 16                + key_comment_total_bytes;    length= next_io_size((ulong) (IO_SIZE+key_length+reclength+                                  create_info->extra_size));    int4store(fileinfo+10,length);    tmp_key_length= (key_length < 0xffff) ? key_length : 0xffff;    int2store(fileinfo+14,tmp_key_length);    int2store(fileinfo+16,reclength);    int4store(fileinfo+18,create_info->max_rows);    int4store(fileinfo+22,create_info->min_rows);    /* fileinfo[26] is set in mysql_create_frm() */    fileinfo[27]=2;                // Use long pack-fields    /* fileinfo[28 & 29] is set to key_info_length in mysql_create_frm() */    create_info->table_options|=HA_OPTION_LONG_BLOB_PTR; // Use portable blob pointers    int2store(fileinfo+30,create_info->table_options);    fileinfo[32]=0;                // No filename anymore    fileinfo[33]=5;                             // Mark for 5.0 frm file    int4store(fileinfo+34,create_info->avg_row_length);    csid= (create_info->default_table_charset ?           create_info->default_table_charset->number : 0);    fileinfo[38]= (uchar) csid;    /*      In future versions, we will store in fileinfo[39] the values of the      TRANSACTIONAL and PAGE_CHECKSUM clauses of CREATE TABLE.    */    fileinfo[39]= 0;    fileinfo[40]= (uchar) create_info->row_type;    /* Next few bytes where for RAID support */    fileinfo[41]= (uchar) (csid >> 8);    fileinfo[42]= 0;    fileinfo[43]= 0;    fileinfo[44]= 0;    fileinfo[45]= 0;    fileinfo[46]= 0;    int4store(fileinfo+47, key_length);    tmp= MYSQL_VERSION_ID;          // Store to avoid warning from int4store    int4store(fileinfo+51, tmp);    int4store(fileinfo+55, create_info->extra_size);    /*      59-60 is reserved for extra_rec_buf_length,      61 for default_part_db_type    */    int2store(fileinfo+62, create_info->key_block_size);    bzero(fill,IO_SIZE);    for (; length > IO_SIZE ; length-= IO_SIZE)    {      if (mysql_file_write(file, fill, IO_SIZE, MYF(MY_WME | MY_NABP)))      {        (void) mysql_file_close(file, MYF(0));        (void) mysql_file_delete(key_file_frm, name, MYF(0));    return(-1);      }    }  }  else  {    if (my_errno == ENOENT)      my_error(ER_BAD_DB_ERROR,MYF(0),db);    else      my_error(ER_CANT_CREATE_TABLE,MYF(0),table,my_errno);  }  return (file);} /* create_frm */

open_binary_frm()函数对对frm索引部分定义的代码

for (i=0 ; i < keys ; i++, keyinfo++)  {    keyinfo->table= 0;                           // Updated in open_frm    if (new_frm_ver >= 3)    {      keyinfo->flags=       (uint) uint2korr(strpos) ^ HA_NOSAME;      keyinfo->key_length= (uint) uint2korr(strpos+2);      keyinfo->key_parts=  (uint) strpos[4];      keyinfo->algorithm=  (enum ha_key_alg) strpos[5];      keyinfo->block_size= uint2korr(strpos+6);      strpos+=8;    }    else    {      keyinfo->flags=     ((uint) strpos[0]) ^ HA_NOSAME;      keyinfo->key_length= (uint) uint2korr(strpos+1);      keyinfo->key_parts=  (uint) strpos[3];      keyinfo->algorithm= HA_KEY_ALG_UNDEF;      strpos+=4;    }    keyinfo->key_part=     key_part;    keyinfo->rec_per_key= rec_per_key;    for (j=keyinfo->key_parts ; j-- ; key_part++)    {      *rec_per_key++=0;      key_part->fieldnr=    (uint16) (uint2korr(strpos) & FIELD_NR_MASK);      key_part->offset= (uint) uint2korr(strpos+2)-1;      key_part->key_type=    (uint) uint2korr(strpos+5);      // key_part->field=    (Field*) 0;    // Will be fixed later      if (new_frm_ver >= 1)      {    key_part->key_part_flag= *(strpos+4);    key_part->length=    (uint) uint2korr(strpos+7);    strpos+=9;      }      else      {    key_part->length=    *(strpos+4);    key_part->key_part_flag=0;    if (key_part->length > 128)    {      key_part->length&=127;        /* purecov: inspected */      key_part->key_part_flag=HA_REVERSE_SORT; /* purecov: inspected */    }    strpos+=7;      }      key_part->store_length=key_part->length;    }  }  keynames=(char*) key_part;  strpos+= (strmov(keynames, (char *) strpos) - keynames)+1;  //reading index comments  for (keyinfo= share->key_info, i=0; i < keys; i++, keyinfo++)  {    if (keyinfo->flags & HA_USES_COMMENT)    {      keyinfo->comment.length= uint2korr(strpos);      keyinfo->comment.str= strmake_root(&share->mem_root, (char*) strpos+2,                                         keyinfo->comment.length);      strpos+= 2 + keyinfo->comment.length;    }     DBUG_ASSERT(test(keyinfo->flags & HA_USES_COMMENT) ==                (keyinfo->comment.length > 0));  }

hexdump是Linux下的一个二进制文件查看工具,可以将二进制文件转换为ASCII、10进制、16进制或8进制进行查看。

hexdump 参数-C 每一字节以16进制显示,一行共16个字节,显示十六进制存储的文本内容-b 每一字节以八进制显示,一行共16个字节,一行开始以十六进制显示偏移值;  0000000 177 105 114 106 002 001 001 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000-c 每一字节以ASCII字符显示,其余同上;  0000000 177 E L F 002 001 001 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0-n 只解释指定长度字节  单位:默认十进制,0x或0X开头则为16进制,0开头则为8进制。默认为字节,b则为512字节,k则为1024字节,m则为1048576字节-d 双字节十进制显示-o 双字节八进制显示-v 去除中间显示的"*"字符-x 双字节十六进制显示-e 格式化参数

实例版本与表字符集:

参考:https://www.percona.com/blog/2015/07/09/obtain-mysql-version-frm-file/

建表的实例版本0x033语句hexdump -s 0x33 -n 2 -v -d table.frm [root@test1 ~]# hexdump -s 0x33 -n 2 -v -d /data/3308/test/test1.frm0000033   501530000035所以版本为5.1.53,因为5.1/5.5和5.6在字段类型定义上有不同,所以确定好建表实例版本很重要,字段类型定义见下面表字符集0x026 21=utf808=latin11c=GBK语句hexdump -s 0x26 -n 1 table.frm

frm列属性:

、列序号(初始列序号为4)、字段长度,整形长度、字段长度,latin1字符集字符类型长度,GBK字符集字符类型varchar长度*2,varchar(30)相当于就是60字节长度,换成16进制是3c,utf8字符集字符类型varchar长度*3,varchar(30)相当于就是90字节长度,换成16进制是5a、、、、、Flags for zerofill, unsigned, etc.(int 1b)、Additional flags,and scale if decimal/numeric(DEFAULT NULL 80,NOT NULL 40,DEFAULT 'VALUE' 00)、代码定义unireg_type,AUTO_INCREMENT of、、代码定义interval_nr、字段类型、字符集、备注长度、备注长度

字段类型(注意5.6版本字段类型有不同,会影响数据恢复):

Data type for v5.1&v5.5 (v5.6)fe=charfa=mediumtextf6=decimalfc=textof=varchar01=tinyint02=smallint03=int04=float05=real07=timestamp (v5.6 11=timestamp)08=bigint09=mediumint10=bitob=time (v5.6 13=time)oc=datetime (v5.6 12=datetime)0d=year0e=date

表中所含索引:

偏移量在0x1000之后的一段是frm索引部分,用hexdump -C打开后很容易找到0x1000:有几个索引0x1001:全部索引包含几个字段索引名是明文,具体索引结构见示例。

表:

CREATE TABLE `test3` (  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,  `b` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),  UNIQUE KEY `uniq_1` (`b`,`c`),  KEY `idx_1` (`c`,`b`),  KEY `idx_2` (`c`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

十六进制文件打开:

[root@test1 ~]# hexdump -C /data/3308/test/test3.frm 00000000  fe 01 0a 0c 03 00 00 10  01 00 00 30 00 00 74 05  |...........0..t.|00000010  28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 02 79 00 09 00  |(...........y...|00000020  00 05 00 00 00 00 21 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74  |......!........t| #表字符集00000030  05 00 00 e9 c3 00 00 10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................| #标红的是建表实例版本号00000040  2f 2f 00 00 20 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |//.. ...........|00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|*00001000  04 06 00 00 1d 00 00 00  04 00 01 00 00 00 01 80  |................|00001010  02 00 00 1b 40 04 00 68  00 22 00 02 00 00 00 02  |....@..h."......|00001020  80 06 00 00 00 80 1e 00  03 80 25 00 00 1b 40 04  |..........%...@.|00001030  00 69 00 22 00 02 00 00  00 03 80 25 00 00 1b 40  |.i.".......%...@|00001040  04 00 02 80 06 00 00 00  80 1e 00 01 00 04 00 01  |................|00001050  00 00 00 03 80 25 00 00  1b 40 04 00 ff 50 52 49  |.....%...@...PRI|00001060  4d 41 52 59 ff 75 6e 69  71 5f 31 ff 69 64 78 5f  |MARY.uniq_1.idx_|00001070  31 ff 69 64 78 5f 32 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |1.idx_2.........|00001080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|*00001570  00 00 00 00 ff 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00001580  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00001590  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00  |................|000015a0  49 6e 6e 6f 44 42 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |InnoDB..........|000015b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|*00002000  9a 01 00 10 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00002010  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|*00002100  01 00 03 00 3f 00 34 00  00 00 28 00 08 00 00 00  |....?.4...(.....|00002110  00 00 00 00 00 00 50 00  16 00 01 00 00 00 00 00  |......P.........|00002120  3f 00 04 03 02 14 29 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |?.....)         |00002130  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |00002140  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00  |               .|00002150  04 00 02 61 00 05 00 02  62 00 06 00 02 63 00 04  |...a....b....c..|00002160  02 0b 0b 00 02 00 00 1b  40 00 00 00 03 3f 00 00  |........@....?..|00002170  05 02 1e 1e 00 06 00 00  00 80 00 00 00 0f 21 00  |..............!.|00002180  00 06 02 0b 0b 00 25 00  00 1b 40 00 00 00 03 3f  |......%...@....?|00002190  00 00 ff 61 ff 62 ff 63  ff 00                    |...a.b.c..|

通过上面的颜色区分,圈出的黄色部分是索引属性,下面红蓝绿三色是三列属性。

列属性结构:

  • 红色部分:字段序号(4开始,4、5、6就是字段第一第二第三)

  • 蓝色部分:字段长度

  • 棕色部分:是否为空

  • 绿色部分:字段类型

  • 黄色部分:字符集

索引属性结构:

索引头部:

  • 淡蓝色部分:索引统计数

  • 粉色部分:索引总共有多少列

索引主体:

  • 棕色部分:是否唯一索引

  • 红色部分:表中列的序号

  • 绿色部分:表中对应列的属性

字段默认值:

字段默认值不保存在字段属性中,而是保存在描述表引擎的那段中int类型默认值保存为十六进制需转换十进制,char类型默认值保存为十六进制文本可通过hexdump -C直接看到如果没有索引段则默认值在,0x1011后,如果有索引段,则位置顺延例如表CREATE TABLE `test1` (  `a` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '2010',  `b` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '2011' ,  `c` int(11) default '30',  `d` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Yes' )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;*00001000  00 00 00 00 02 00 ff 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00001010  fe da 07 00 00 04 32 30  31 31 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......2011......|00001020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00001030  00 00 00 00 1e 00 00 00  03 59 65 73 00 00 00 00  |.........Yes....|00001040  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|00001050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 06 00 49 6e 6e 6f 44  |...........InnoD|00001060  42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |B...............|00001070  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|*column a:da 07 00 00column b:04 32 30 31 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 column c:1e 00 00 00 column d:03 59 65 73 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00需要注意char字段的默认值是根据字段长度和字符集相关的,如上表varchar(10),utf8是3bit,就是30个十六进制长度。

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