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Go中基础模板怎么用

发表于:2024-11-14 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月14日,这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Go中基础模板怎么用,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。1、html/template创建基础静态模板package main
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月14日Go中基础模板怎么用

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Go中基础模板怎么用,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

1、html/template创建基础静态模板

package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "os")func main(){    tmpl,err := template.New("go-web").Parse(`Hello World!`)//先创建一个template对象    if err != nil {        log.Fatalf("Parse:%v",err)//fatalf格式化字符串,打印错误    }    err = tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout,nil) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于nil    if err != nil{        log.Fatal("Execute: %v", err)    }}go run test.go 输出:Hello World!

2、输出动态模板

package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "os")func main(){    tmpl,err := template.New("go-web").Parse(`Hello World!,{{.}}`)//先创建能够根据输入数据的不同,产生不同的效果的动态模板{{}}, "."代表跟对象"go web"    if err != nil {        log.Fatalf("Parse:%v",err)//fatalf格式化字符串,打印错误    }    err = tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout,"go web") //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web    if err != nil{        log.Fatal("Execute: %v", err)    }}go run test.go 输出:Hello World!,go webpackage mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "os")type Package struct {//自定义的传入类型Package    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    tmpl,err := template.New("go-web").Parse(`Hello World!,{{.}}`)//先创建能够根据输入数据的不同,产生不同的效果的动态模板{{}}, .代表跟对象    if err != nil {        log.Fatalf("Parse:%v",err)//fatalf格式化字符串,打印错误    }    err = tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout,&Package{ //自定义的传入类型Package        Name :"go-web",        NumFuncs:12,        NumVars:1200,    }) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web    if err != nil{        log.Fatal("Execute: %v", err)    }}go run test.go 输出:Hello World!,{go-web 12 1200}如何将模板渲染的结果输出到stdout呢?package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "os")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    tmpl,err := template.New("go-web").Parse(`         Package name: {{.Name}}  //通过反射寻找方法,字段或者函数,Name必须公开,必须首字母大写,        Number of functions: {{.NumFuncs}}         Number of variables: {{.NumVars}}        `)//先创建能够根据输入数据的不同,产生不同的效果的动态模板{{}}, .代表跟对象    if err != nil {        log.Fatalf("Parse:%v",err)//fatalf格式化字符串,打印错误    }    err = tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout,&Package{        Name :"go-web",        NumFuncs:12,        NumVars:1200,    }) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web    if err != nil{        log.Fatal("Execute: %v", err)    }}go run test.go 输出:        Package name: go-web        Number of functions: 12         Number of variables: 1200

3、模板结果输出到http响应流,通过浏览器访问

package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "net/http"    "fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.New("go-web").Parse(`        Package name: {{.Name}}        Number of functions: {{.NumFuncs}}         Number of variables: {{.NumVars}}        `)//先创建能够根据输入数据的不同,产生不同的效果的动态模板{{}}, .代表跟对象        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Parse:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,&Package{            Name :"go-web",            NumFuncs:12,            NumVars:1200,        }) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 10:38:40 Starting Server....

浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/

4、从文件中读取模板的方法

package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "net/http"    "fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.tmpl")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,&Package{            Name :"go-web",            NumFuncs:14,            NumVars:1200,        }) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}然后编辑本地main.tmpl文件:➜  test pwd/Users/daixuan/qbox/test➜  test vim main.tmplPackage name: {{.Name}}Number of functions: {{.NumFuncs}}Number of variables: {{.NumVars}}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 10:52:56 Starting Server....

浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/

5、http.request 如何使用模板打印出结构中我们所需要的内容

➜  test vim main.tmplMethod: {{.Method}}package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "net/http"    "fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.tmpl")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,request) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:01:28 Starting Server....

浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/ 打印出了Method:GET

修改main.tmplMethod: {{.Method}}URL: {{.URL.Path}}

浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/ 打印出Path: /

打印User-Agent

修改main.tmplMethod: {{.Method}}Path: {{.URL.Path}}Header: {{.Header.Get "User-Agent"}}package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "net/http"    "fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.tmpl")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,request) //调用方法Execute,两个参数:目的地,data先等于go web,此时跟对象的值是 go web        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:10:01 Starting Server....

浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/

6、创建一个真正的html页面

vim main.html    Go Web        

Package info:

  • Package name: {{.Name}}}
  • Number of functions:{{.NumFuncs}}}
  • Number of variables: {{.NumVars}}}
  • package mainimport( "html/template" "log" "net/http" "fmt")type Package struct { Name string NumFuncs int NumVars int}func main(){ http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html") if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err) return } err = tmpl.Execute(writer,&Package{ Name :"go-web", NumFuncs:14, NumVars:1200, }) if err != nil{ fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err) return } }) log.Println("Starting Server....") log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:24:51 Starting Server....

    浏览器访问:http://localhost:4000/

    右键查看网页源代码:view-source:http://localhost:4000/

        Go Web        

    Package info:

  • Package name: go-web}
  • Number of functions:14}
  • Number of variables: 1200}
  • 7、简单应用,根据成绩判断成绩等级是A,B,C.....

    首先完成从请求参数中获取成绩score的大小vim main.html    Go Web            {{.}}    package mainimport(    "html/template"    "log"    "net/http"    "fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        score := request.FormValue("score")        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,score)        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:33:01 Starting Server....

    访问:http://localhost:4000/?score=100
    输出100
    访问:http://localhost:4000/?score=1
    输出1
    符合预期

    判断score是否存在

    vim main.html    Go Web            {{if .}}                score is {{.}}        {{else}}                no score        {{end}}    vim test.gopackage mainimport("html/template""log""net/http""fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        score := request.FormValue("score")        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,score)        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:38:10 Starting Server....

    访问:http://localhost:4000/?score=100

    访问:http://localhost:4000/

    对数值进行比较

    vim main.html    Go Web            {{if gt . 90}}                A        {{else if gt . 80}}                B        {{else if gt . 70}}                C        {{else if gt . 60}}                D        {{else}}                F        {{end}}    报错:Execute:template: main.html:6:13: executing "main.html" at : error calling gt: incompatible types for comparison原因是request.FormValue("score")返回的是string类型,不能与int型90比较修改返回类型vim test.gopackage mainimport("html/template""log""net/http""fmt""strconv")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        score := request.FormValue("score")        num, _ := strconv.Atoi(score)        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,num)        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 11:53:59 Starting Server....

    访问:http://localhost:4000/?score=100 输出A

    http://localhost:4000/?score=80 输出C
    http://localhost:4000/?score=60 输出F

    8、range改变作用域

    vim main.html    Go Web            {{range $key,$value := .Header}}        

    Method: {{$.Method}} key: {{$key}}

    {{range $value}}

  • {{.}}
  • {{end}}

    {{end}} vim test.gopackage mainimport("html/template""log""net/http""fmt")type Package struct { Name string NumFuncs int NumVars int}func main(){ http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html") if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err) return } err = tmpl.Execute(writer,request) if err != nil{ fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err) return } }) log.Println("Starting Server....") log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 12:14:13 Starting Server....

    http://localhost:4000/

    9、with改变作用域

                Go Web                {{with .URL}}            {{.}}            {{.Scheme}}            {{.User}}            {{.Host}}            {{.Path}}            {{end}}    package mainimport("html/template""log""net/http""fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,request)        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:

    访问:http://localhost:4000/1234?score=80 输出:
    /1234?score=80 /1234

    10、with改变作用域

    web中想临时输出一些字符串,字段,怎么办?
    维护一个大的结构不方便
    将跟对象变成一个key类型为string,值类型为空接口的map,再在map中放入需要传入的所有对象,除此之外,还有一个好处,就是可以把map申明为一个变量,在不同的 Handler中进行传递,在最后响应的这个Handler之前,不断的将map中添加新的内容,最终模板渲染的时候,就可以使用到所有的内容

                Go Web                {{.Request}}        {{.Score}}    package mainimport("html/template""log""net/http""fmt")type Package struct {    Name string    NumFuncs int    NumVars int}func main(){    http.HandleFunc("/", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {        tmpl,err := template.ParseFiles("main.html")        if err != nil {            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"ParseFiles:%v",err)            return        }        err = tmpl.Execute(writer,map[string]interface{}{            "Request": request,            "Score": 97,        })        if err != nil{            fmt.Fprintf(writer,"Execute:%v",err)            return        }    })    log.Println("Starting Server....")    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}go run test.go 输出:2018/07/10 12:29:10 Starting Server....

    http://localhost:4000/ 输出score=97 和GET方法

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