Python实现四个经典小游戏的示例分析
发表于：2024-10-24 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年10月24日，本篇文章给大家分享的是有关Python实现四个经典小游戏的示例分析，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家学习，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获，话不多说，跟着小编一起来看看吧。一、效果展示1、俄罗斯方
千家信息网最后更新 2024年10月24日Python实现四个经典小游戏的示例分析
本篇文章给大家分享的是有关Python实现四个经典小游戏的示例分析，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家学习，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获，话不多说，跟着小编一起来看看吧。
一、效果展示
1、俄罗斯方块
这个应该是玩起来最最简单的了…
2、扫雷
运气好，点了四下都没踩雷哈哈…
3、五子棋
我是菜鸡，玩不赢电脑人…
4、贪吃蛇
害，这个是最惊心动魄的，为了我的小心脏，不玩了不玩了…
女朋友：你就是借机在玩游戏，逮到了
啊这…
那我不吹牛逼了，我们来敲代码吧~
二、代码展示
1、俄罗斯方块
方块部分
这部分代码单独保存py文件，这里我命名为 blocks.py
方块形状的设计，一开始我是做成 4 × 4，长宽最长都是4的话旋转的时候就不考虑怎么转了，就是从一个图形替换成另一个。
要实现这个功能，只要固定左上角的坐标就可以了。
import randomfrom collections import namedtuplePoint = namedtuple('Point', 'X Y')Shape = namedtuple('Shape', 'X Y Width Height')Block = namedtuple('Block', 'template start_pos end_pos name next')# S形方块S_BLOCK = [Block(['.OO', 'OO.', '...'], Point(0, 0), Point(2, 1), 'S', 1), Block(['O..', 'OO.', '.O.'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), 'S', 0)]# Z形方块Z_BLOCK = [Block(['OO.', '.OO', '...'], Point(0, 0), Point(2, 1), 'Z', 1), Block(['.O.', 'OO.', 'O..'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), 'Z', 0)]# I型方块I_BLOCK = [Block(['.O..', '.O..', '.O..', '.O..'], Point(1, 0), Point(1, 3), 'I', 1), Block(['....', '....', 'OOOO', '....'], Point(0, 2), Point(3, 2), 'I', 0)]# O型方块O_BLOCK = [Block(['OO', 'OO'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1), 'O', 0)]# J型方块J_BLOCK = [Block(['O..', 'OOO', '...'], Point(0, 0), Point(2, 1), 'J', 1), Block(['.OO', '.O.', '.O.'], Point(1, 0), Point(2, 2), 'J', 2), Block(['...', 'OOO', '..O'], Point(0, 1), Point(2, 2), 'J', 3), Block(['.O.', '.O.', 'OO.'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), 'J', 0)]# L型方块L_BLOCK = [Block(['..O', 'OOO', '...'], Point(0, 0), Point(2, 1), 'L', 1), Block(['.O.', '.O.', '.OO'], Point(1, 0), Point(2, 2), 'L', 2), Block(['...', 'OOO', 'O..'], Point(0, 1), Point(2, 2), 'L', 3), Block(['OO.', '.O.', '.O.'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), 'L', 0)]# T型方块T_BLOCK = [Block(['.O.', 'OOO', '...'], Point(0, 0), Point(2, 1), 'T', 1), Block(['.O.', '.OO', '.O.'], Point(1, 0), Point(2, 2), 'T', 2), Block(['...', 'OOO', '.O.'], Point(0, 1), Point(2, 2), 'T', 3), Block(['.O.', 'OO.', '.O.'], Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), 'T', 0)]BLOCKS = {'O': O_BLOCK, 'I': I_BLOCK, 'Z': Z_BLOCK, 'T': T_BLOCK, 'L': L_BLOCK, 'S': S_BLOCK, 'J': J_BLOCK}def get_block(): block_name = random.choice('OIZTLSJ') b = BLOCKS[block_name] idx = random.randint(0, len(b) - 1) return b[idx]def get_next_block(block): b = BLOCKS[block.name] return b[block.next]游戏主代码
import sysimport timeimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *import blocksSIZE = 30 # 每个小方格大小BLOCK_HEIGHT = 25 # 游戏区高度BLOCK_WIDTH = 10 # 游戏区宽度BORDER_WIDTH = 4 # 游戏区边框宽度BORDER_COLOR = (40, 40, 200) # 游戏区边框颜色SCREEN_WIDTH = SIZE * (BLOCK_WIDTH + 5) # 游戏屏幕的宽SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * BLOCK_HEIGHT # 游戏屏幕的高BG_COLOR = (40, 40, 60) # 背景色BLOCK_COLOR = (20, 128, 200) #BLACK = (0, 0, 0)RED = (200, 30, 30) # GAME OVER 的字体颜色def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)): imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor) screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('俄罗斯方块') font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 24) # 黑体24 font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 72) # GAME OVER 的字体 font_pos_x = BLOCK_WIDTH * SIZE + BORDER_WIDTH + 10 # 右侧信息显示区域字体位置的X坐标 gameover_size = font2.size('GAME OVER') font1_height = int(font1.size('得分')[1]) cur_block = None # 当前下落方块 next_block = None # 下一个方块 cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = 0, 0 game_area = None # 整个游戏区域 game_over = True start = False # 是否开始，当start = True，game_over = True 时，才显示 GAME OVER score = 0 # 得分 orispeed = 0.5 # 原始速度 speed = orispeed # 当前速度 pause = False # 暂停 last_drop_time = None # 上次下落时间 last_press_time = None # 上次按键时间 def _dock(): nonlocal cur_block, next_block, game_area, cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y, game_over, score, speed for _i in range(cur_block.start_pos.Y, cur_block.end_pos.Y + 1): for _j in range(cur_block.start_pos.X, cur_block.end_pos.X + 1): if cur_block.template[_i][_j] != '.': game_area[cur_pos_y + _i][cur_pos_x + _j] = '0' if cur_pos_y + cur_block.start_pos.Y <= 0: game_over = True else: # 计算消除 remove_idxs = [] for _i in range(cur_block.start_pos.Y, cur_block.end_pos.Y + 1): if all(_x == '0' for _x in game_area[cur_pos_y + _i]): remove_idxs.append(cur_pos_y + _i) if remove_idxs: # 计算得分 remove_count = len(remove_idxs) if remove_count == 1: score += 100 elif remove_count == 2: score += 300 elif remove_count == 3: score += 700 elif remove_count == 4: score += 1500 speed = orispeed - 0.03 * (score // 10000) # 消除 _i = _j = remove_idxs[-1] while _i >= 0: while _j in remove_idxs: _j -= 1 if _j < 0: game_area[_i] = ['.'] * BLOCK_WIDTH else: game_area[_i] = game_area[_j] _i -= 1 _j -= 1 cur_block = next_block next_block = blocks.get_block() cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = (BLOCK_WIDTH - cur_block.end_pos.X - 1) // 2, -1 - cur_block.end_pos.Y def _judge(pos_x, pos_y, block): nonlocal game_area for _i in range(block.start_pos.Y, block.end_pos.Y + 1): if pos_y + block.end_pos.Y >= BLOCK_HEIGHT: return False for _j in range(block.start_pos.X, block.end_pos.X + 1): if pos_y + _i >= 0 and block.template[_i][_j] != '.' and game_area[pos_y + _i][pos_x + _j] != '.': return False return True while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_RETURN: if game_over: start = True game_over = False score = 0 last_drop_time = time.time() last_press_time = time.time() game_area = [['.'] * BLOCK_WIDTH for _ in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)] cur_block = blocks.get_block() next_block = blocks.get_block() cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y = (BLOCK_WIDTH - cur_block.end_pos.X - 1) // 2, -1 - cur_block.end_pos.Y elif event.key == K_SPACE: if not game_over: pause = not pause elif event.key in (K_w, K_UP): if 0 <= cur_pos_x <= BLOCK_WIDTH - len(cur_block.template[0]): _next_block = blocks.get_next_block(cur_block) if _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y, _next_block): cur_block = _next_block if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: if not game_over and not pause: if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1: last_press_time = time.time() if cur_pos_x > - cur_block.start_pos.X: if _judge(cur_pos_x - 1, cur_pos_y, cur_block): cur_pos_x -= 1 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: if not game_over and not pause: if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1: last_press_time = time.time() # 不能移除右边框 if cur_pos_x + cur_block.end_pos.X + 1 < BLOCK_WIDTH: if _judge(cur_pos_x + 1, cur_pos_y, cur_block): cur_pos_x += 1 if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: if not game_over and not pause: if time.time() - last_press_time > 0.1: last_press_time = time.time() if not _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y + 1, cur_block): _dock() else: last_drop_time = time.time() cur_pos_y += 1 _draw_background(screen) _draw_game_area(screen, game_area) _draw_gridlines(screen) _draw_info(screen, font1, font_pos_x, font1_height, score) # 画显示信息中的下一个方块 _draw_block(screen, next_block, font_pos_x, 30 + (font1_height + 6) * 5, 0, 0) if not game_over: cur_drop_time = time.time() if cur_drop_time - last_drop_time > speed: if not pause: if not _judge(cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y + 1, cur_block): _dock() else: last_drop_time = cur_drop_time cur_pos_y += 1 else: if start: print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - gameover_size[0]) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - gameover_size[1]) // 2, 'GAME OVER', RED) # 画当前下落方块 _draw_block(screen, cur_block, 0, 0, cur_pos_x, cur_pos_y) pygame.display.flip()# 画背景def _draw_background(screen): # 填充背景色 screen.fill(BG_COLOR) # 画游戏区域分隔线 pygame.draw.line(screen, BORDER_COLOR, (SIZE * BLOCK_WIDTH + BORDER_WIDTH // 2, 0), (SIZE * BLOCK_WIDTH + BORDER_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT), BORDER_WIDTH)# 画网格线def _draw_gridlines(screen): # 画网格线 竖线 for x in range(BLOCK_WIDTH): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (x * SIZE, 0), (x * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT), 1) # 画网格线 横线 for y in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (0, y * SIZE), (BLOCK_WIDTH * SIZE, y * SIZE), 1)# 画已经落下的方块def _draw_game_area(screen, game_area): if game_area: for i, row in enumerate(game_area): for j, cell in enumerate(row): if cell != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLOCK_COLOR, (j * SIZE, i * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)# 画单个方块def _draw_block(screen, block, offset_x, offset_y, pos_x, pos_y): if block: for i in range(block.start_pos.Y, block.end_pos.Y + 1): for j in range(block.start_pos.X, block.end_pos.X + 1): if block.template[i][j] != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLOCK_COLOR, (offset_x + (pos_x + j) * SIZE, offset_y + (pos_y + i) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0)# 画得分等信息def _draw_info(screen, font, pos_x, font_height, score): print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 10, f'得分: ') print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 10 + font_height + 6, f'{score}') print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 20 + (font_height + 6) * 2, f'速度: ') print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 20 + (font_height + 6) * 3, f'{score // 10000}') print_text(screen, font, pos_x, 30 + (font_height + 6) * 4, f'下一个：')if __name__ == '__main__': main()2、扫雷
地雷部分
一样的，单独保存py文件，mineblock.py
import randomfrom enum import EnumBLOCK_WIDTH = 30BLOCK_HEIGHT = 16SIZE = 20 # 块大小MINE_COUNT = 99 # 地雷数class BlockStatus(Enum): normal = 1 # 未点击 opened = 2 # 已点击 mine = 3 # 地雷 flag = 4 # 标记为地雷 ask = 5 # 标记为问号 bomb = 6 # 踩中地雷 hint = 7 # 被双击的周围 double = 8 # 正被鼠标左右键双击class Mine: def __init__(self, x, y, value=0): self._x = x self._y = y self._value = 0 self._around_mine_count = -1 self._status = BlockStatus.normal self.set_value(value) def __repr__(self): return str(self._value) # return f'({self._x},{self._y})={self._value}, status={self.status}' def get_x(self): return self._x def set_x(self, x): self._x = x x = property(fget=get_x, fset=set_x) def get_y(self): return self._y def set_y(self, y): self._y = y y = property(fget=get_y, fset=set_y) def get_value(self): return self._value def set_value(self, value): if value: self._value = 1 else: self._value = 0 value = property(fget=get_value, fset=set_value, doc='0:非地雷 1:雷') def get_around_mine_count(self): return self._around_mine_count def set_around_mine_count(self, around_mine_count): self._around_mine_count = around_mine_count around_mine_count = property(fget=get_around_mine_count, fset=set_around_mine_count, doc='四周地雷数量') def get_status(self): return self._status def set_status(self, value): self._status = value status = property(fget=get_status, fset=set_status, doc='BlockStatus')class MineBlock: def __init__(self): self._block = [[Mine(i, j) for i in range(BLOCK_WIDTH)] for j in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)] # 埋雷 for i in random.sample(range(BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT), MINE_COUNT): self._block[i // BLOCK_WIDTH][i % BLOCK_WIDTH].value = 1 def get_block(self): return self._block block = property(fget=get_block) def getmine(self, x, y): return self._block[y][x] def open_mine(self, x, y): # 踩到雷了 if self._block[y][x].value: self._block[y][x].status = BlockStatus.bomb return False # 先把状态改为 opened self._block[y][x].status = BlockStatus.opened around = _get_around(x, y) _sum = 0 for i, j in around: if self._block[j][i].value: _sum += 1 self._block[y][x].around_mine_count = _sum # 如果周围没有雷，那么将周围8个未中未点开的递归算一遍 # 这就能实现一点出现一大片打开的效果了 if _sum == 0: for i, j in around: if self._block[j][i].around_mine_count == -1: self.open_mine(i, j) return True def double_mouse_button_down(self, x, y): if self._block[y][x].around_mine_count == 0: return True self._block[y][x].status = BlockStatus.double around = _get_around(x, y) sumflag = 0 # 周围被标记的雷数量 for i, j in _get_around(x, y): if self._block[j][i].status == BlockStatus.flag: sumflag += 1 # 周边的雷已经全部被标记 result = True if sumflag == self._block[y][x].around_mine_count: for i, j in around: if self._block[j][i].status == BlockStatus.normal: if not self.open_mine(i, j): result = False else: for i, j in around: if self._block[j][i].status == BlockStatus.normal: self._block[j][i].status = BlockStatus.hint return result def double_mouse_button_up(self, x, y): self._block[y][x].status = BlockStatus.opened for i, j in _get_around(x, y): if self._block[j][i].status == BlockStatus.hint: self._block[j][i].status = BlockStatus.normaldef _get_around(x, y): """返回(x, y)周围的点的坐标""" # 这里注意，range 末尾是开区间，所以要加 1 return [(i, j) for i in range(max(0, x - 1), min(BLOCK_WIDTH - 1, x + 1) + 1) for j in range(max(0, y - 1), min(BLOCK_HEIGHT - 1, y + 1) + 1) if i != x or j != y]素材
主代码
import sysimport timefrom enum import Enumimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *from mineblock import *# 游戏屏幕的宽SCREEN_WIDTH = BLOCK_WIDTH * SIZE# 游戏屏幕的高SCREEN_HEIGHT = (BLOCK_HEIGHT + 2) * SIZEclass GameStatus(Enum): readied = 1, started = 2, over = 3, win = 4def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)): imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor) screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('扫雷') font1 = pygame.font.Font('resources/a.TTF', SIZE * 2) # 得分的字体 fwidth, fheight = font1.size('999') red = (200, 40, 40) # 加载资源图片，因为资源文件大小不一，所以做了统一的缩放处理 img0 = pygame.image.load('resources/0.bmp').convert() img0 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img0, (SIZE, SIZE)) img1 = pygame.image.load('resources/1.bmp').convert() img1 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img1, (SIZE, SIZE)) img2 = pygame.image.load('resources/2.bmp').convert() img2 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img2, (SIZE, SIZE)) img3 = pygame.image.load('resources/3.bmp').convert() img3 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img3, (SIZE, SIZE)) img4 = pygame.image.load('resources/4.bmp').convert() img4 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img4, (SIZE, SIZE)) img5 = pygame.image.load('resources/5.bmp').convert() img5 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img5, (SIZE, SIZE)) img6 = pygame.image.load('resources/6.bmp').convert() img6 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img6, (SIZE, SIZE)) img7 = pygame.image.load('resources/7.bmp').convert() img7 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img7, (SIZE, SIZE)) img8 = pygame.image.load('resources/8.bmp').convert() img8 = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img8, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_blank = pygame.image.load('resources/blank.bmp').convert() img_blank = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_blank, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_flag = pygame.image.load('resources/flag.bmp').convert() img_flag = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_flag, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_ask = pygame.image.load('resources/ask.bmp').convert() img_ask = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_ask, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_mine = pygame.image.load('resources/mine.bmp').convert() img_mine = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_mine, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_blood = pygame.image.load('resources/blood.bmp').convert() img_blood = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_blood, (SIZE, SIZE)) img_error = pygame.image.load('resources/error.bmp').convert() img_error = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_error, (SIZE, SIZE)) face_size = int(SIZE * 1.25) img_face_fail = pygame.image.load('resources/face_fail.bmp').convert() img_face_fail = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_face_fail, (face_size, face_size)) img_face_normal = pygame.image.load('resources/face_normal.bmp').convert() img_face_normal = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_face_normal, (face_size, face_size)) img_face_success = pygame.image.load('resources/face_success.bmp').convert() img_face_success = pygame.transform.smoothscale(img_face_success, (face_size, face_size)) face_pos_x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - face_size) // 2 face_pos_y = (SIZE * 2 - face_size) // 2 img_dict = { 0: img0, 1: img1, 2: img2, 3: img3, 4: img4, 5: img5, 6: img6, 7: img7, 8: img8 } bgcolor = (225, 225, 225) # 背景色 block = MineBlock() game_status = GameStatus.readied start_time = None # 开始时间 elapsed_time = 0 # 耗时 while True: # 填充背景色 screen.fill(bgcolor) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse_x, mouse_y = event.pos x = mouse_x // SIZE y = mouse_y // SIZE - 2 b1, b2, b3 = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() if game_status == GameStatus.started: # 鼠标左右键同时按下，如果已经标记了所有雷，则打开周围一圈 # 如果还未标记完所有雷，则有一个周围一圈被同时按下的效果 if b1 and b3: mine = block.getmine(x, y) if mine.status == BlockStatus.opened: if not block.double_mouse_button_down(x, y): game_status = GameStatus.over elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP: if y < 0: if face_pos_x <= mouse_x <= face_pos_x + face_size \ and face_pos_y <= mouse_y <= face_pos_y + face_size: game_status = GameStatus.readied block = MineBlock() start_time = time.time() elapsed_time = 0 continue if game_status == GameStatus.readied: game_status = GameStatus.started start_time = time.time() elapsed_time = 0 if game_status == GameStatus.started: mine = block.getmine(x, y) if b1 and not b3: # 按鼠标左键 if mine.status == BlockStatus.normal: if not block.open_mine(x, y): game_status = GameStatus.over elif not b1 and b3: # 按鼠标右键 if mine.status == BlockStatus.normal: mine.status = BlockStatus.flag elif mine.status == BlockStatus.flag: mine.status = BlockStatus.ask elif mine.status == BlockStatus.ask: mine.status = BlockStatus.normal elif b1 and b3: if mine.status == BlockStatus.double: block.double_mouse_button_up(x, y) flag_count = 0 opened_count = 0 for row in block.block: for mine in row: pos = (mine.x * SIZE, (mine.y + 2) * SIZE) if mine.status == BlockStatus.opened: screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos) opened_count += 1 elif mine.status == BlockStatus.double: screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos) elif mine.status == BlockStatus.bomb: screen.blit(img_blood, pos) elif mine.status == BlockStatus.flag: screen.blit(img_flag, pos) flag_count += 1 elif mine.status == BlockStatus.ask: screen.blit(img_ask, pos) elif mine.status == BlockStatus.hint: screen.blit(img0, pos) elif game_status == GameStatus.over and mine.value: screen.blit(img_mine, pos) elif mine.value == 0 and mine.status == BlockStatus.flag: screen.blit(img_error, pos) elif mine.status == BlockStatus.normal: screen.blit(img_blank, pos) print_text(screen, font1, 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, 'd' % (MINE_COUNT - flag_count), red) if game_status == GameStatus.started: elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_time) print_text(screen, font1, SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth - 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, 'd' % elapsed_time, red) if flag_count + opened_count == BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT: game_status = GameStatus.win if game_status == GameStatus.over: screen.blit(img_face_fail, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) elif game_status == GameStatus.win: screen.blit(img_face_success, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) else: screen.blit(img_face_normal, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) pygame.display.update()if __name__ == '__main__': main()3、五子棋
五子棋就没那么多七七八八的素材和其它代码了
import sysimport randomimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *import pygame.gfxdrawfrom collections import namedtupleChessman = namedtuple('Chessman', 'Name Value Color')Point = namedtuple('Point', 'X Y')BLACK_CHESSMAN = Chessman('黑子', 1, (45, 45, 45))WHITE_CHESSMAN = Chessman('白子', 2, (219, 219, 219))offset = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]class Checkerboard: def __init__(self, line_points): self._line_points = line_points self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)] def _get_checkerboard(self): return self._checkerboard checkerboard = property(_get_checkerboard) # 判断是否可落子 def can_drop(self, point): return self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] == 0 def drop(self, chessman, point): """ 落子 :param chessman: :param point:落子位置 :return:若该子落下之后即可获胜，则返回获胜方，否则返回 None """ print(f'{chessman.Name} ({point.X}, {point.Y})') self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = chessman.Value if self._win(point): print(f'{chessman.Name}获胜') return chessman # 判断是否赢了 def _win(self, point): cur_value = self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] for os in offset: if self._get_count_on_direction(point, cur_value, os[0], os[1]): return True def _get_count_on_direction(self, point, value, x_offset, y_offset): count = 1 for step in range(1, 5): x = point.X + step * x_offset y = point.Y + step * y_offset if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value: count += 1 else: break for step in range(1, 5): x = point.X - step * x_offset y = point.Y - step * y_offset if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value: count += 1 else: break return count >= 5SIZE = 30 # 棋盘每个点时间的间隔Line_Points = 19 # 棋盘每行/每列点数Outer_Width = 20 # 棋盘外宽度Border_Width = 4 # 边框宽度Inside_Width = 4 # 边框跟实际的棋盘之间的间隔Border_Length = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Inside_Width * 2 + Border_Width # 边框线的长度Start_X = Start_Y = Outer_Width + int(Border_Width / 2) + Inside_Width # 网格线起点（左上角）坐标SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Outer_Width * 2 + Border_Width + Inside_Width * 2 # 游戏屏幕的高SCREEN_WIDTH = SCREEN_HEIGHT + 200 # 游戏屏幕的宽Stone_Radius = SIZE // 2 - 3 # 棋子半径Stone_Radius2 = SIZE // 2 + 3Checkerboard_Color = (0xE3, 0x92, 0x65) # 棋盘颜色BLACK_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)WHITE_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)RED_COLOR = (200, 30, 30)BLUE_COLOR = (30, 30, 200)RIGHT_INFO_POS_X = SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2 * 2 + 10def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)): imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor) screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋') font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 32) font2 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 72) fwidth, fheight = font2.size('黑方获胜') checkerboard = Checkerboard(Line_Points) cur_runner = BLACK_CHESSMAN winner = None computer = AI(Line_Points, WHITE_CHESSMAN) black_win_count = 0 white_win_count = 0 while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_RETURN: if winner is not None: winner = None cur_runner = BLACK_CHESSMAN checkerboard = Checkerboard(Line_Points) computer = AI(Line_Points, WHITE_CHESSMAN) elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if winner is None: pressed_array = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() if pressed_array[0]: mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() click_point = _get_clickpoint(mouse_pos) if click_point is not None: if checkerboard.can_drop(click_point): winner = checkerboard.drop(cur_runner, click_point) if winner is None: cur_runner = _get_next(cur_runner) computer.get_opponent_drop(click_point) AI_point = computer.AI_drop() winner = checkerboard.drop(cur_runner, AI_point) if winner is not None: white_win_count += 1 cur_runner = _get_next(cur_runner) else: black_win_count += 1 else: print('超出棋盘区域') # 画棋盘 _draw_checkerboard(screen) # 画棋盘上已有的棋子 for i, row in enumerate(checkerboard.checkerboard): for j, cell in enumerate(row): if cell == BLACK_CHESSMAN.Value: _draw_chessman(screen, Point(j, i), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color) elif cell == WHITE_CHESSMAN.Value: _draw_chessman(screen, Point(j, i), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color) _draw_left_info(screen, font1, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count) if winner: print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth)//2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - fheight)//2, winner.Name + '获胜', RED_COLOR) pygame.display.flip()def _get_next(cur_runner): if cur_runner == BLACK_CHESSMAN: return WHITE_CHESSMAN else: return BLACK_CHESSMAN# 画棋盘def _draw_checkerboard(screen): # 填充棋盘背景色 screen.fill(Checkerboard_Color) # 画棋盘网格线外的边框 pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Outer_Width, Outer_Width, Border_Length, Border_Length), Border_Width) # 画网格线 for i in range(Line_Points): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Start_Y, Start_Y + SIZE * i), (Start_Y + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1), Start_Y + SIZE * i), 1) for j in range(Line_Points): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X), (Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1)), 1) # 画星位和天元 for i in (3, 9, 15): for j in (3, 9, 15): if i == j == 9: radius = 5 else: radius = 3 # pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j), radius) pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR) pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)# 画棋子def _draw_chessman(screen, point, stone_color): # pygame.draw.circle(screen, stone_color, (Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y), Stone_Radius) pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color) pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)# 画左侧信息显示def _draw_left_info(screen, font, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count): _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color) _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 4), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color) print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + 3, '玩家', BLUE_COLOR) print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, '电脑', BLUE_COLOR) print_text(screen, font, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 8, '战况：', BLUE_COLOR) _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 4.5)), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color) _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 2), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color) print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 5.5) + 3, f'{black_win_count} 胜', BLUE_COLOR) print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, f'{white_win_count} 胜', BLUE_COLOR)def _draw_chessman_pos(screen, pos, stone_color): pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color) pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)# 根据鼠标点击位置，返回游戏区坐标def _get_clickpoint(click_pos): pos_x = click_pos[0] - Start_X pos_y = click_pos[1] - Start_Y if pos_x < -Inside_Width or pos_y < -Inside_Width: return None x = pos_x // SIZE y = pos_y // SIZE if pos_x % SIZE > Stone_Radius: x += 1 if pos_y % SIZE > Stone_Radius: y += 1 if x >= Line_Points or y >= Line_Points: return None return Point(x, y)class AI: def __init__(self, line_points, chessman): self._line_points = line_points self._my = chessman self._opponent = BLACK_CHESSMAN if chessman == WHITE_CHESSMAN else WHITE_CHESSMAN self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)] def get_opponent_drop(self, point): self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._opponent.Value def AI_drop(self): point = None score = 0 for i in range(self._line_points): for j in range(self._line_points): if self._checkerboard[j][i] == 0: _score = self._get_point_score(Point(i, j)) if _score > score: score = _score point = Point(i, j) elif _score == score and _score > 0: r = random.randint(0, 100) if r % 2 == 0: point = Point(i, j) self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._my.Value return point def _get_point_score(self, point): score = 0 for os in offset: score += self._get_direction_score(point, os[0], os[1]) return score def _get_direction_score(self, point, x_offset, y_offset): count = 0 # 落子处我方连续子数 _count = 0 # 落子处对方连续子数 space = None # 我方连续子中有无空格 _space = None # 对方连续子中有无空格 both = 0 # 我方连续子两端有无阻挡 _both = 0 # 对方连续子两端有无阻挡 # 如果是 1 表示是边上是我方子，2 表示敌方子 flag = self._get_stone_color(point, x_offset, y_offset, True) if flag != 0: for step in range(1, 6): x = point.X + step * x_offset y = point.Y + step * y_offset if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points: if flag == 1: if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value: count += 1 if space is False: space = True elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value: _both += 1 break else: if space is None: space = False else: break # 遇到第二个空格退出 elif flag == 2: if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value: _both += 1 break elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value: _count += 1 if _space is False: _space = True else: if _space is None: _space = False else: break else: # 遇到边也就是阻挡 if flag == 1: both += 1 elif flag == 2: _both += 1 if space is False: space = None if _space is False: _space = None _flag = self._get_stone_color(point, -x_offset, -y_offset, True) if _flag != 0: for step in range(1, 6): x = point.X - step * x_offset y = point.Y - step * y_offset if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points: if _flag == 1: if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value: count += 1 if space is False: space = True elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value: _both += 1 break else: if space is None: space = False else: break # 遇到第二个空格退出 elif _flag == 2: if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value: _both += 1 break elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value: _count += 1 if _space is False: _space = True else: if _space is None: _space = False else: break else: # 遇到边也就是阻挡 if _flag == 1: both += 1 elif _flag == 2: _both += 1 score = 0 if count == 4: score = 10000 elif _count == 4: score = 9000 elif count == 3: if both == 0: score = 1000 elif both == 1: score = 100 else: score = 0 elif _count == 3: if _both == 0: score = 900 elif _both == 1: score = 90 else: score = 0 elif count == 2: if both == 0: score = 100 elif both == 1: score = 10 else: score = 0 elif _count == 2: if _both == 0: score = 90 elif _both == 1: score = 9 else: score = 0 elif count == 1: score = 10 elif _count == 1: score = 9 else: score = 0 if space or _space: score /= 2 return score # 判断指定位置处在指定方向上是我方子、对方子、空 def _get_stone_color(self, point, x_offset, y_offset, next): x = point.X + x_offset y = point.Y + y_offset if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points: if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value: return 1 elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value: return 2 else: if next: return self._get_stone_color(Point(x, y), x_offset, y_offset, False) else: return 0 else: return 0if __name__ == '__main__': main()4、贪吃蛇
import randomimport sysimport timeimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *from collections import dequeSCREEN_WIDTH = 600 # 屏幕宽度SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480 # 屏幕高度SIZE = 20 # 小方格大小LINE_WIDTH = 1 # 网格线宽度# 游戏区域的坐标范围SCOPE_X = (0, SCREEN_WIDTH // SIZE - 1)SCOPE_Y = (2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // SIZE - 1)# 食物的分值及颜色FOOD_STYLE_LIST = [(10, (255, 100, 100)), (20, (100, 255, 100)), (30, (100, 100, 255))]LIGHT = (100, 100, 100)DARK = (200, 200, 200) # 蛇的颜色BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # 网格线颜色RED = (200, 30, 30) # 红色，GAME OVER 的字体颜色BGCOLOR = (40, 40, 60) # 背景色def print_text(screen, font, x, y, text, fcolor=(255, 255, 255)): imgText = font.render(text, True, fcolor) screen.blit(imgText, (x, y))# 初始化蛇def init_snake(): snake = deque() snake.append((2, SCOPE_Y[0])) snake.append((1, SCOPE_Y[0])) snake.append((0, SCOPE_Y[0])) return snakedef create_food(snake): food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1]) food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1]) while (food_x, food_y) in snake: # 如果食物出现在蛇身上，则重来 food_x = random.randint(SCOPE_X[0], SCOPE_X[1]) food_y = random.randint(SCOPE_Y[0], SCOPE_Y[1]) return food_x, food_ydef get_food_style(): return FOOD_STYLE_LIST[random.randint(0, 2)]def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇') font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 24) # 得分的字体 font2 = pygame.font.Font(None, 72) # GAME OVER 的字体 fwidth, fheight = font2.size('GAME OVER') # 如果蛇正在向右移动，那么快速点击向下向左，由于程序刷新没那么快，向下事件会被向左覆盖掉，导致蛇后退，直接GAME OVER # b 变量就是用于防止这种情况的发生 b = True # 蛇 snake = init_snake() # 食物 food = create_food(snake) food_style = get_food_style() # 方向 pos = (1, 0) game_over = True start = False # 是否开始，当start = True，game_over = True 时，才显示 GAME OVER score = 0 # 得分 orispeed = 0.5 # 原始速度 speed = orispeed last_move_time = None pause = False # 暂停 while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_RETURN: if game_over: start = True game_over = False b = True snake = init_snake() food = create_food(snake) food_style = get_food_style() pos = (1, 0) # 得分 score = 0 last_move_time = time.time() elif event.key == K_SPACE: if not game_over: pause = not pause elif event.key in (K_w, K_UP): # 这个判断是为了防止蛇向上移时按了向下键，导致直接 GAME OVER if b and not pos[1]: pos = (0, -1) b = False elif event.key in (K_s, K_DOWN): if b and not pos[1]: pos = (0, 1) b = False elif event.key in (K_a, K_LEFT): if b and not pos[0]: pos = (-1, 0) b = False elif event.key in (K_d, K_RIGHT): if b and not pos[0]: pos = (1, 0) b = False # 填充背景色 screen.fill(BGCOLOR) # 画网格线 竖线 for x in range(SIZE, SCREEN_WIDTH, SIZE): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (x, SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE), (x, SCREEN_HEIGHT), LINE_WIDTH) # 画网格线 横线 for y in range(SCOPE_Y[0] * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SIZE): pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (0, y), (SCREEN_WIDTH, y), LINE_WIDTH) if not game_over: curTime = time.time() if curTime - last_move_time > speed: if not pause: b = True last_move_time = curTime next_s = (snake[0][0] + pos[0], snake[0][1] + pos[1]) if next_s == food: # 吃到了食物 snake.appendleft(next_s) score += food_style[0] speed = orispeed - 0.03 * (score // 100) food = create_food(snake) food_style = get_food_style() else: if SCOPE_X[0] <= next_s[0] <= SCOPE_X[1] and SCOPE_Y[0] <= next_s[1] <= SCOPE_Y[1] \ and next_s not in snake: snake.appendleft(next_s) snake.pop() else: game_over = True # 画食物 if not game_over: # 避免 GAME OVER 的时候把 GAME OVER 的字给遮住了 pygame.draw.rect(screen, food_style[1], (food[0] * SIZE, food[1] * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) # 画蛇 for s in snake: pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, (s[0] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH, s[1] * SIZE + LINE_WIDTH, SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2, SIZE - LINE_WIDTH * 2), 0) print_text(screen, font1, 30, 7, f'速度: {score//100}') print_text(screen, font1, 450, 7, f'得分: {score}') if game_over: if start: print_text(screen, font2, (SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - fheight) // 2, 'GAME OVER', RED) pygame.display.update()if __name__ == '__main__': main()以上就是Python实现四个经典小游戏的示例分析，小编相信有部分知识点可能是我们日常工作会见到或用到的。希望你能通过这篇文章学到更多知识。更多详情敬请关注行业资讯频道。
方块
棋盘
网格
得分
屏幕
背景
地雷
字体
颜色
代码
坐标
宽度
标记
边框
区域
速度
食物
鼠标
五子棋
位置
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