MySQL备份恢复基础

MySQL备份恢复基础

一，mysqldump命令

mysqldump这个命令一般可以满足备份的大部分需要，因为这个工具支持全库备份，单库备份，单表备份，甚至逻辑备份，只备份表结构等等功能。

主要命令格式：

shell> mysqldump [options] > dump.sql

主要的一些参数：

-u ，--user 用户名

-p , --password 用户密码

-S ，--socket 套接字

-h , --host 指定连接的服务器

-P，--port 指定服务器的对应端口

--default-character-set 设置备份集字符集

-A ，--all-databases 备份所有数据库

-B ，--databases 导出某个或者某些数据库，数据库名以空格分隔

--tables 导出指定的表，格式为"数据库名 表名"，这个参数会覆盖-B参数

-l ,--lock-tables 锁定表，默认开启

--single-transaction ,对于支持事物的数据库引擎来说，保证了一致性，通常和-l一起工作，写作 --single-transaction -l， 其作用是取代其他引擎的 -x 参数。

-d, --nodata, 只导出对象的结构，不导出数据。

-t , --no-create-info , 只导出对象数据而不包含对象的结构

-F，--flush-logs ，一般在全库备份的时候需要先刷新日志，以方便恢复。

--flush-privileges , 备份前刷新一下权限。

-R , --routines , 导出存储过程，函数等MYSQL程序。

-E， --events ,输出event

--master-data=1/2 --1,记录备份后将继续回复的binlog 编号和位置。 2，编号和位置前有注释

一般以上参数适应了大多数的应用场景

对于myisam,比较常用的全库备份语句:

mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B -F -R --flush-privileges --master-data=2 -x --events | gzip > /data/backup/all.sql.gz

对于innodb，比较常用的全库备份语句：

mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B -F -R --flush-privileges --master-data=2 --single-transaction --events | gzip > /data/backup/all.sql.gz

二，备份脚本：

1.全库备份：

vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_full_backup.sh #!/bin/shsource /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.iniDATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_fullDATA_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.sql.gzLOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.logMYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/binMYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock -A -R -x --default-character-set=utf8"echo > ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "*** Executed command:${MYSQL_DUMP} | gzip > ${DATA_FILE}" >> ${LOG_FILE}${MYSQL_DUMP} | gzip > $DATA_FILEecho -e "*** Executed finished at at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/ -mtime +6)do        if [ -d $tfile ] ; then                rmdir $tfile        elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then                rm -f $tfile        fi        echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}

2. 分库备份：

vi mysql_full_backup_by_dbs.sh#!/bin/shsource /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.iniDATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_full_by_dbsif [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} ] ; then        mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}fiLOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.logMYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/binMYSQL_CMD="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock"MYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock --single-transaction -l "echo > ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}for dbs in `${MYSQL_CMD} -e "show databases" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "information_schema|mysql|performance_schema"`do        echo -e "*** Database: ${dbs} Backup start at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}        ${MYSQL_DUMP} -B ${dbs} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}_`date +%F''%T''%w`.sql.gzecho -e "*** Executed finished at at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} -mtime +6)do        if [ -d $tfile ] ; then                rmdir $tfile        elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then                rm -f $tfile        fi        echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}

3. 分表备份

vi mysql_full_backup_by_tbs.sh#!/bin/shsource /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.iniDATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_full_by_dbsif [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} ] ; then        mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}fiLOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.logMYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/binMYSQL_CMD="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock"MYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock --single-transaction -l "echo > ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}for dbs in `${MYSQL_CMD} -e "show databases" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "information_schema|mysql|performance_schema"`do        echo -e "*** Database: ${dbs} Backup start at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}        ##${MYSQL_DUMP} -B ${dbs} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}_`date +%F''%T''%w`.sql.gz        if [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} ] ; then                mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}        fi        for tbls in `${MYSQL_CMD} -D ${dbs} -e "show tables" | sed '1d'`        do                echo -e "*** Tables: ${dbs}.${tbls} start dump at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}                echo -e " Execute Command: ${MYSQL_DUMP} --tables  ${dbs} ${tbls} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}/${dbs}.${tbls}.sql.gz" >> ${LOG_FILE}                ${MYSQL_DUMP} --tables  ${dbs} ${tbls} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}/${dbs}.${tbls}.sql.gz                echo -e " ### End ${dbs}.${tbls} Dump! Stop_time:`date +%F''%T''%w`  ### " >> ${LOG_FILE}        doneecho -e "*** Executed finished  at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} -mtime +6)do        if [ -d $tfile ] ; then                rmdir $tfile        elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then                rm -f $tfile        fi        echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}eco -e "--- Find expired logs and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} -mtime +6)do        if [ -f $tfile ] ; then                rm -f $tfile        fi        echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}doneecho -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}