Newton版Openstack如何实现Dashboard开发

这篇文章主要介绍Newton版Openstack如何实现Dashboard开发，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

Dashboard简介

Openstack的Dashboard项目一般被称为Horizon,根据官网安装部署及其简单,yum install openstack-dashboard即可，配置也简单只要修改/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings以及/etc/sysconfig/memcached，再启动httpd服务就可以登录了。

但是在查看它的源码就会发现，它并不是你想的那么简单。

Horizon：它是一个基于django webframework开发的标准的python wsgi程序,一般运行在webserver(apache httpd)之上。

Horizon的源码中，包含两个代码文件夹

1. horizon ### /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/horizon

2. openstack_dashboard ### /usr/share/openstack-dashboard

创建一个Dashboard

1.环境准备

• 查看Django版本

# pythonPython 2.7.5 (default, Nov  6 2016, 00:28:07) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import django>>> print django.VERSION(1, 8, 14, 'final', 0)

2.创建dashboard应用

• 既然每个dashboard都是django中的一个app，那就可以使用django的命令来创建一个dashboard目录结构

# cd /usr/share/openstack-dashboard# python manage.pyType 'manage.py help ' for help on a specific subcommand.Available subcommands:[auth]    changepassword    createsuperuser[compressor]    compress    mtime_cache[django]    check    compilemessages    createcachetable    dbshell    diffsettings    dumpdata    flush    inspectdb    loaddata    makemessages    makemigrations    migrate    runfcgi    shell    showmigrations    sql    sqlall    sqlclear    sqlcustom    sqldropindexes    sqlflush    sqlindexes    sqlmigrate    sqlsequencereset    squashmigrations    startapp    startproject    syncdb    test    testserver    validate[horizon]    startdash    startpanel[openstack_dashboard]    make_web_conf    migrate_settings[sessions]    clearsessions[staticfiles]    collectstatic    findstatic    runserver

• 可以看到horizon部分有startdash和startpanel两个命令，可以直接使用：

# mkdir -p openstack_dashboard/dashboards/dlwdashboard# python manage.py startdash dlwdashboard  --target openstack_dashboard/dashboards/dlwdashboard # mkdir -p openstack_dashboard/dashboards/dlwdashboard/dlwpanel# python manage.py startpanel dlwpanel   --dashboard=openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard   --target=openstack_dashboard/dashboards/dlwdashboard/dlwpanel

2.1、目录结构：

# cd openstack_dashboard/dashboards/# tree dlwdashboard/dlwdashboard/├── dashboard.py├── dashboard.pyc├── dlwpanel│   ├── __init__.py│   ├── panel.py│   ├── templates│   │   └── dlwpanel│   │       └── index.html│   ├── tests.py│   ├── urls.py│   └── views.py├── __init__.py├── __init__.pyc├── static│   └── dlwdashboard│       ├── js│       │   └── dlwdashboard.js│       └── scss│           └── dlwdashboard.scss└── templates    └── dlwdashboard        └── base.html9 directories, 13 files

2.2定义一个仪表盘dashboard

# cd dlwdashboard/# vi dashboard.py# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License.from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _import horizonclass Dlwgroup(horizon.PanelGroup):    slug = "dlwgroup"    name = _("Dlw Group")    panels = ('dlwpanel',)class Dlwdashboard(horizon.Dashboard):#    name = _("Dlw dashboard")    name = _("Dlw")    slug = "dlwdashboard"    panels = (Dlwgroup,)  # Add your panels here.    default_panel = 'dlwpanel'  # Specify the slug of the dashboard's default panel.horizon.register(Dlwdashboard)

• 可以定义修改dashboard的名字

name = _("Dlw")

创建面板panel

3.1、目录结构

# tree dlwpanel/dlwpanel/├── __init__.py├── panel.py├── templates│   └── dlwpanel│       └── index.html├── tests.py├── urls.py└── views.py2 directories, 6 files

3.2、定义面板

# cd dlwpanel# vi panel.py # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License.from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _import horizonfrom openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard import dashboardclass Dlwpanel(horizon.Panel):    name = _("Dlw panel")    slug = "dlwpanel"dashboard.Dlwdashboard.register(Dlwpanel)

3.3、定义表单tables

# vi tables.pyfrom django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _from horizon import tablesclass MyFilterAction(tables.FilterAction):    name = "myfilter"class InstancesTable(tables.DataTable):    name = tables.Column('name', \                         verbose_name=_("Name"))    status = tables.Column('status', \                           verbose_name=_("Status"))    zone = tables.Column('availability_zone', \                         verbose_name=_("Availability Zone"))    image_name = tables.Column('image_name', \                               verbose_name=_("Image Name"))    class Meta(object):        name = "instances"        verbose_name = _("Instances")        table_actions = (MyFilterAction,)

3.4、定义标签页tab

# vi tab.pyfrom django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _from horizon import exceptionsfrom horizon import tabsfrom openstack_dashboard import apifrom openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard.dlwpanel import tablesclass InstanceTab(tabs.TableTab):    name = _("Instances Tab")    slug = "instances_tab"    table_classes = (tables.InstancesTable,)    template_name = ("horizon/common/_detail_table.html")    preload = False    def has_more_data(self, table):        return self._has_more    def get_instances_data(self):        try:            marker = self.request.GET.get(                        tables.InstancesTable._meta.pagination_param, None)            instances, self._has_more = api.nova.server_list(                self.request,                search_opts={'marker': marker, 'paginate': True})            return instances        except Exception:            self._has_more = False            error_message = _('Unable to get instances')            exceptions.handle(self.request, error_message)            return []class DlwpanelTabs(tabs.TabGroup):    slug = "dlwpanel_tabs"    tabs = (InstanceTab,)    sticky = True

3.4、定义视图views.py

# vi views.py # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License.from horizon import tabsfrom openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard.dlwpanel \    import tabs as dlwdashboard_tabsclass IndexView(tabs.TabbedTableView):    tab_group_class = dlwdashboard_tabs.DlwpanelTabs    template_name = 'dlwdashboard/dlwpanel/index.html'    def get_data(self, request, context, *args, **kwargs):        # Add data to the context here...        return context

3.5、自动生成的url.py

# vi url.py# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License.from django.conf.urls import urlfrom openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard.dlwpanel import viewsurlpatterns = [    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),]

3.6、定义模板template

# cd templates/dlwpanel/# vi index.html {% extends 'base.html' %}{% load i18n %}{% block title %}{% trans "DlwPanel" %}{% endblock %}{% block page_header %}  {% include "horizon/common/_page_header.html" with title=_("DlwPanel") %}{% endblock page_header %}{% block main %}
   
   {{ tab_group.render }}   
{% endblock %}

激活新增的dashboard

# cd /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/enabled# vi _50_dlwdashboard.py # The name of the dashboard to be added to HORIZON['dashboards']. Required.DASHBOARD = 'dlwdashboard'# If set to True, this dashboard will not be added to the settings.DISABLED = False# A list of applications to be added to INSTALLED_APPS.ADD_INSTALLED_APPS = [    'openstack_dashboard.dashboards.dlwdashboard',]

重启httpd服务

页面查看

再定义表单tables

添加一个ip，在上面定义的tables.py里添加ip的代码，可以直接从原有的openstack代码里摘(因为这里的name，status，zone，image_name就是摘的)

# cat tables.py from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _from horizon import tablesfrom django import templateclass MyFilterAction(tables.FilterAction):    name = "myfilter"import sixdef get_ips(instance):    template_name = 'project/instances/_instance_ips.html'    ip_groups = {}    for ip_group, addresses in six.iteritems(instance.addresses):        ip_groups[ip_group] = {}        ip_groups[ip_group]["floating"] = []        ip_groups[ip_group]["non_floating"] = []        for address in addresses:            if ('OS-EXT-IPS:type' in address and               address['OS-EXT-IPS:type'] == "floating"):                ip_groups[ip_group]["floating"].append(address)            else:                ip_groups[ip_group]["non_floating"].append(address)    context = {        "ip_groups": ip_groups,    }    return template.loader.render_to_string(template_name, context)class InstancesTable(tables.DataTable):    name = tables.Column('name', \                         verbose_name=_("Name"))    status = tables.Column('status', \                           verbose_name=_("Status"))    zone = tables.Column('availability_zone', \                         verbose_name=_("Availability Zone"))    image_name = tables.Column('image_name', \                               verbose_name=_("Image Name"))    ip = tables.Column(get_ips,                       verbose_name=_("IP Address"),                       attrs={'data-type': "ip"})    class Meta(object):        name = "instances"        verbose_name = _("Instances")        table_actions = (MyFilterAction,)

重启httpd服务 页面查看

小结

创建一个新的dashboard，下面有group还有面板panel整个的流程：

1.app2.dashboard.py3.panel.py4.tables.py5.tabs.py6.views7.url.py8.template9.enabled10.httpd

• Horizon面板的设计分成三层:Dashboard → PanelGroup → Panel

• Horizon中现有的dashboard有4个:

    1. project 普通用户登陆后看到的项目面板    2. admin 管理登陆后可见,左侧的管理员面板    3. settings 右上角的设置面板,里面可设置语言，时区，更改密码    4. router(配置文件中将profile_support打开可见),ciso nexus 1000v的管理面板

每一个dashboard都是django中的一个app,django中的app可以理解成对业务逻辑模块化的一种手段,里面可以包含自己独有的url设定，模板，和业务逻辑代码

每个dashboard下定义了一系列的PanelGroup,虚拟机管理对应到界面上就是一个PanelGroup(Manage Compute), 里面有一系列的子panel(Overview, Instances, Volumes…)。Swift,heat,neutron的管理面板各自都是一个PanelGroup，底下有各自的子panel.

在已有的dashboard下创建panel

此处选择在project下建一个名为dbc的空白面板 有了上面的步骤，这里就很简单了，建一个空白的面板，只需要三步

1.建立panel

# /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/dashboards/project/# mkdir bdc# cd  /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/# python manage.py startpanel bdc   --dashboard=openstack_dashboard.dashboards.project  --target=openstack_dashboard/dashboards/project/bdc

2.激活enabled

# cd /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/enabled# cp _1050_project_images_panel.py _1051_project_bdc_panel.py # vi _1051_project_bdc_panel.py # (c) Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Company LP## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License.# The slug of the panel to be added to HORIZON_CONFIG. Required.PANEL = 'bdc'# The slug of the dashboard the PANEL associated with. Required.PANEL_DASHBOARD = 'project'# The slug of the panel group the PANEL is associated with.PANEL_GROUP = 'compute'# Python panel class of the PANEL to be added.ADD_PANEL = 'openstack_dashboard.dashboards.project.bdc.panel.Bdc'

3.重启httpd

# systemctl restart httpd

页面查看

国际化

1.简介

国际化，django的一个组成部分，支持多国语言，不同的机器打开的页面显示不同的语言，这里做个中英文对照关系的简单改造。 在/usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES目录下有个django.mo文件，这里就是作为中英文翻译的依据，将该文件取出来放在G:/Python练习目录下：

sftp> cd /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGESsftp> lcd G:/Python练习sftp> get django.mo

2.反编译django.mo

1. mo文件是不可以编辑文件，需要将其反编译为.po文件

2. 安装一个工具软件Poedit

3. 使用cmd或者powershell进行反编译操作

4. 命令行进入Poedit的安装目录目录

cd E:\Program Files (x86)\Poedit\GettextTools\binmsgunfmt.exe G:\Python练习\django.mo -o G:\Python练习\django.po

3.修改po文件并编译

1. 生成django.po文件，可以使用Pycharm工具打开该po文件，照葫芦翻译之前新建的Bdc面板

1. 使用Poedit将po文件编译为mo文件

1. 上传至/usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES

重启httpd服务

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