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如何使用lsof命令

发表于：2024-11-25 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月25日，这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关如何使用lsof命令，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。lsof是系统管理/安全的尤伯工具。将这个工具称之为lsof真实名副其

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月25日如何使用lsof命令

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关如何使用lsof命令，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

lsof是系统管理/安全的尤伯工具。将这个工具称之为lsof真实名副其实，因为它是指"列出打开文件（lists openfiles）"。而有一点要切记，在Unix中一切（包括网络套接口）都是文件。

1, 使用 lsof 命令行列出所有打开的文件

# lsof

这可是一个很长的列表，包括打开的文件和网络

上述屏幕截图中包含很多列，例如 PID、user、FD 和 TYPE 等等。

FD - File descriptor

FD 列包含这样一些值

cwd - Current working directorytxt - Text filemem - Memory Mapped filemmap - Memory Mapped deviceNumber - It represent the actual file descriptor. For example, 0u, 1w and 3r

r 是读的意思，w 是写，u 代表读写

Type 代表文件类型，例如：

>REG - Regular file>DIR - Directory>CHR - Character special file>FIFO - First in first out

2, 列出某个用户打开的文件

# lsof -u user_name

Example:

# lsof -u crybitCOMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF       NODE NAMEsshd    29609 crybit  cwd    DIR            144,233     4096  117711421 /sshd    29609 crybit  rtd    DIR            144,233     4096  117711421 /sshd    29609 crybit  txt    REG            144,233   409488  119020186 /usr/sbin/sshdsshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG            144,241          2443001619 (deleted)/dev/zero (stat: No such file or directory)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021850 /lib64/libnss_dns-2.5.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021984 /lib64/security/pam_succeed_if.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119022000 /lib64/security/pam_limits.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021960 /lib64/security/pam_keyinit.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021972 /lib64/security/pam_cracklib.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021987 /lib64/security/pam_nologin.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119021988 /lib64/security/pam_deny.so (path dev=144,233)sshd    29609 crybit  mem    REG               8,37           119019223 /usr/lib64/libcrack.so.2.8.0 (path dev=144,233)..........

3, 列出在某个端口运行的进程

# lsof -i :port_number

Example:

# lsof -i :22COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEsshd      769   root    3u  IPv6 2281738844      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)sshd      769   root    4u  IPv4 2281738846      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)# lsof -i :3306COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEmysqld  11106 mysql   10u  IPv4 2340975114      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

4, 只列出使用 IPv4 的打开文件

# lsof -i 4 - For IPv4

Example:

# lsof -i 4COMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEsshd        769   root    4u  IPv4 2281738846      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)named      8362  named   20u  IPv4 2334751017      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   21u  IPv4 2334751019      0t0  TCP crybit.com:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   22u  IPv4 2334751021      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)named      8362  named  512u  IPv4 2334751016      0t0  UDP localhost.localdomain:domainnamed      8362  named  513u  IPv4 2334751018      0t0  UDP crybit.com:domaintcpserver  9975   root    3u  IPv4 2335487959      0t0  TCP *:pop3 (LISTEN)tcpserver  9978   root    3u  IPv4 2335487967      0t0  TCP *:pop3s (LISTEN)tcpserver  9983   root    3u  IPv4 2335487997      0t0  TCP *:imap (LISTEN)tcpserver  9987   root    3u  IPv4 2335488014      0t0  TCP *:imaps (LISTEN)xinetd    10413   root    5u  IPv4 2336070983      0t0  TCP *:ftp (LISTEN)xinetd    10413   root    6u  IPv4 2336070984      0t0  TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)mysqld    11106  mysql   10u  IPv4 2340975114      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)# lsof -i 6

Example:

# lsof -i 6COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEsshd      769   root    3u  IPv6 2281738844      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)named    8362  named   23u  IPv6 2334751024      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)httpd   29241   root    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd   29241   root    6u  IPv6 2439777211      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd   29243 apache    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd   29243 apache    6u  IPv6 2439777211      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd   29244 apache    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd   29244 apache    6u  IPv6 2439777211      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd   29245 apache    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd   29245 apache    6u  IPv6 2439777211      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd   29246 apache    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

5, 列出端口在 1-1024 之间的所有进程

# lsof -i :1-1024

Example:

# lsof -i :1-1024COMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEsshd        769   root    3u  IPv6 2281738844      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)sshd        769   root    4u  IPv4 2281738846      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)named      8362  named   20u  IPv4 2334751017      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   21u  IPv4 2334751019      0t0  TCP crybit.com:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   22u  IPv4 2334751021      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)named      8362  named   23u  IPv6 2334751024      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)tcpserver  9975   root    3u  IPv4 2335487959      0t0  TCP *:pop3 (LISTEN)tcpserver  9978   root    3u  IPv4 2335487967      0t0  TCP *:pop3s (LISTEN)tcpserver  9983   root    3u  IPv4 2335487997      0t0  TCP *:imap (LISTEN)tcpserver  9987   root    3u  IPv4 2335488014      0t0  TCP *:imaps (LISTEN)xinetd    10413   root    5u  IPv4 2336070983      0t0  TCP *:ftp (LISTEN)xinetd    10413   root    6u  IPv4 2336070984      0t0  TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)httpd     29241   root    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd     29241   root    6u  IPv6 2439777211      0t0  TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd     29243 apache    4u  IPv6 2439777206      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)........

6, 根据进程id来列出打开的文件

# lsof -p PID

Example:

# lsof -p 11106COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF       NODE NAMEmysqld  11106 mysql  cwd    DIR            144,233     4096  119025114 /var/lib/mysqlmysqld  11106 mysql  rtd    DIR            144,233     4096  117711421 /mysqld  11106 mysql  txt    REG            144,233  9484782  119025094 /usr/libexec/mysqldmysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119025094 /usr/libexec/mysqld (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021850 /lib64/libnss_dns-2.5.so (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021830 /lib64/libnss_files-2.5.so (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021841 /lib64/libsepol.so.1 (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021801 /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021785 /lib64/libresolv-2.5.so (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119021920 /lib64/libkeyutils-1.2.so (path dev=144,233)mysqld  11106 mysql  mem    REG               8,37           119017006 /usr/lib64/libkrb5support.so.0.1 (path dev=144,233)........

7, 杀掉某个用户的所有活动进程

# killall -9 `lsof -t -u username`

8, 列出某个目录中被打开的文件

# lsof +D path_of_the_directory

Example:

# lsof +D /var/log/COMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF      NODE NAMEsyslogd    9729   root    1w   REG 144,233        0 119019158 /var/log/kernelsyslogd    9729   root    2w   REG 144,233   350722 119021699 /var/log/messagessyslogd    9729   root    3w   REG 144,233   591577 119019159 /var/log/securesyslogd    9729   root    4w   REG 144,233   591577 119019159 /var/log/secure

9, 根据进程名称列出打开的文件

# lsof -c process_name

Example:

# lsof -c sshCOMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF    NODE NAMEsshd        483 root  cwd    DIR        8,9     4096       2 /sshd        483 root  rtd    DIR        8,9     4096       2 /sshd        483 root  txt    REG        8,9   523488 1193409 /usr/sbin/sshd

10, 列出所有网络连接

# lsof -i

该命令列出所有侦听和已建立的网络连接 Example:

# lsof -iCOMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEsshd        769   root    3u  IPv6 2281738844      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)sshd        769   root    4u  IPv4 2281738846      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)named      8362  named   20u  IPv4 2334751017      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   21u  IPv4 2334751019      0t0  TCP crybit.com:domain (LISTEN)named      8362  named   22u  IPv4 2334751021      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)named      8362  named   23u  IPv6 2334751024      0t0  TCP localhost.localdomain:rndc (LISTEN)named      8362  named  512u  IPv4 2334751016      0t0  UDP localhost.localdomain:domain

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