ansible自动化管理windows系统实战

一、简述

1、说明
日常系统自动化运维过程中难免会有windows系列服务器,就开源软件来说目前大多的对windows批量管理兼容性不太好;不像Linux系统便捷,但现实中确实有些业务需要跑在windows上;搜索查找折腾一番后,发现python开发的ansible(已经被redhat收购)有比较好的解决方案,通过一番折腾,整理出来,以备忘交流;

2、实验环境
服务器端:
CentOS7.4_x64 自带python 2.7.5 ip:172.16.3.167
源码安装ansible

被管理windows端:
win7sp1_x32 需要powershell 3.0+ ip:172.16.3.188 并开启winrm服务 开启防火墙规则

3、实验目标
能通过ansible 的各模块对windows进行传输文件,管理账号,执行脚本等批量自动化管理工作;

二、ansible配置

1、简介
Ansible 从1.7+版本开始支持Windows，但管理机必须为Linux系统，远程主机的通信方式也由Linux下的SSH变为PowerShell，管理机需要安装Python的pywinrm模块，但PowerShell需3.0+版本且Management Framework 3.0+版本，实测Windows 7 SP1和Windows Server 2008 R2及以上版本系统经简单配置可正常与Ansible通信。
2、环境准备
以下配置在CentOS7.4_x64下
安装pip及相关依赖

下载pip#wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py#python get-pip.py安装依赖#pip install pywinrm paramiko PyYAML Jinja2 httplib2 six

3、源码安装ansible

# git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git --recursive#cd ./ansible#source ./hacking/env-setup

运行了env-setup脚本,就意味着Ansible基于源码运行起来了.默认的inventory文件是 /etc/ansible/hosts
cat /etc/ansible/hosts
注:可以把这步添加到开机自启中;

[win7]172.16.3.188 ansible_ssh_user="virtual" ansible_ssh_pass="myself." ansible_ssh_port=5985 ansible_connection="winrm" ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation=ignore

注意上信息在一行;以空格隔开,[win7] 是这台主机的标题;下面的是ip和连接信息等;
以上ansible管理端已经配置好,被管理端win7还没有配置,相对来说稍稍麻烦点

三、被管理端win7配置

1、环境简介
和Linux稍有区别，被管理端系统如果是Windows系列时;需预先有以下配置：
安装Framework 3.0+ (有可能需要下载)
配置powershell策略为remotesigned (需要修改)
升级PowerShell至3.0+(win7默认是2.0)
设置Windows远端管理，英文全称WS-Management（WinRM）

2、环境配置
a、升级或安装Framework 4.5
如果Framework版不满足请至微软官方下载
b、修改powershell策略为remotesigned
如图:

c、升级PowerShell至3.0
保存以下脚本为upgrade_to_ps3.ps1

# Powershell script to upgrade a PowerShell 2.0 system to PowerShell 3.0 # based on http://occasionalutility.blogspot.com/2013/11/everyday-powershell-part-7-powershell.html # some Ansible modules that may use Powershell 3 features, so systems may need # to be upgraded.  This may be used by a sample playbook.  Refer to the windows # documentation on docs.ansible.com for details. # - hosts: windows #   tasks: #     - script: upgrade_to_ps3.ps1 # Get version of OS # 6.0 is 2008 # 6.1 is 2008 R2 # 6.2 is 2012 # 6.3 is 2012 R2  if ($PSVersionTable.psversion.Major -ge 3)  {      write-host "Powershell 3 Installed already; You don't need this"     Exit }  $powershellpath = "C:\powershell" function download-file  {      param ([string]$path, [string]$local)      $client = new-object system.net.WebClient     $client.Headers.Add("user-agent", "PowerShell")     $client.downloadfile($path, $local)  }  if (!(test-path $powershellpath)) {     New-Item -ItemType directory -Path $powershellpath } # .NET Framework 4.0 is necessary.  #if (($PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.Major) -lt 2)  #{ #    $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/B/A/4/BA4A7E71-2906-4B2D-A0E1-80CF16844F5F/dotNetFx45_Full_x86_x64.exe" #    $FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1] #    download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename" #    ."$powershellpath\$filename" /quiet /norestart #}  #You may need to reboot after the .NET install if so just run the script again.  # If the Operating System is above 6.2, then you already have PowerShell Version > 3  if ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -gt 6)  {      write-host "OS is new; upgrade not needed."     Exit }  $osminor = [environment]::OSVersion.Version.Minor $architecture = $ENV:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE  if ($architecture -eq "AMD64")  {      $architecture = "x64"  }    else  {      $architecture = "x86"  }  if ($osminor -eq 1)  {      $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.1-KB2506143-" + $architecture + ".msu" } elseif ($osminor -eq 0)  {      $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.0-KB2506146-" + $architecture + ".msu" }  else  {     # Nothing to do; In theory this point will never be reached.      Exit } $FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1] download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename" Start-Process -FilePath "$powershellpath\$filename" -ArgumentList /quiet 

脚本来源于github upgrade_to_ps3.ps1

右击-->以管理员运行 稍等几分钟(具体时间看下载的速度,只要任务管理器中有powershell就说明还在下载安装),系统会自动重启升级安装powershell到3.0
如图:

重启后查看powershell信息

d、设置Windows远端管理（WS-Management，WinRM）服务
winrm 服务默认都是未启用的状态;注意以下操作在cmd中执行,而非powershell中
对winrm服务进行基础配置：

winrm quickconfigC:\Users\san02>winrm quickconfig已在此计算机上运行 WinRM 服务。WinRM 没有设置成为了管理此计算机而允许对其进行远程访问。必须进行以下更改:在 HTTP://* 上创建 WinRM 侦听程序接受 WS-Man 对此机器上任意 IP 的请求。启用 WinRM 防火墙异常。执行这些更改吗[y/n]? yWinRM 已经进行了更新，以用于远程管理。在 HTTP://* 上创建 WinRM 侦听程序接受 WS-Man 对此机器上任意 IP 的请求。WinRM 防火墙异常已启用。查看winrm service listenerwinrm e winrm/config/listenerC:\Users\san02>winrm e winrm/config/listenerListener    Address = *    Transport = HTTP    Port = 5985    Hostname    Enabled = true    URLPrefix = wsman    CertificateThumbprint    ListeningOn = 127.0.0.1, 172.16.3.137, ::1, fe80::100:7f:fffe, fe80::5efe:172.16.3.137, fe80::4865:97de:bb1f:877配置auth 为true(默认为false)winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}C:\Users\san02>winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}Auth    Basic = true    Kerberos = true    Negotiate = true    Certificate = false    CredSSP = false    CbtHardeningLevel = Relaxed配置允许非加密方式winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}C:\Users\san02>winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}Service    RootSDDL = O:NSG:BAD:P(A;;GA;;;BA)(A;;GR;;;IU)S:P(AU;FA;GA;;;WD)(AU;SA;GXGW;;;WD)    MaxConcurrentOperations = 4294967295    MaxConcurrentOperationsPerUser = 1500    EnumerationTimeoutms = 240000    MaxConnections = 300    MaxPacketRetrievalTimeSeconds = 120    AllowUnencrypted = true    Auth        Basic = true        ......以下省略.......

至此被管理端win7的环境配置完成!

四、测试Ansible管理windows

1、查看连接状态

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m win_ping172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {    "attempts": 1,     "changed": false,     "failed": false,     "ping": "pong"}

2、获取Windows Facts

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m   setup172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {    "ansible_facts": {        "ansible_architecture": "32-bit",         "ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006",         "ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox",         "ansible_date_time": {            "date": "2018-01-24",             "day": "24",             "epoch": "1516816620.86637",             "hour": "17",             "iso8601": "2018-01-24T09:57:00Z",             "iso8601_basic": "20180124T175700861308",             "iso8601_basic_short": "20180124T175700",             "iso8601_micro": "2018-01-24T09:57:00.861308Z",             "minute": "57",             "month": "01",             "second": "00",     ......以下省略.......

3、远程执行命令
远程执行命令分为远程执行windows 原生自有命令通过raw 模块,如:"ipconfig "
远程执行ansible的win_command模块也可以执行命令,即ansible的扩展命令如"whoami"
默认是乱码,需要修改winrm模块文件

sed -i "s#tdout_buffer.append(stdout)#tdout_buffer.append(stdout.decode('gbk').encode('utf-8'))#g" /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/winrm/protocol.pysed -i "s#stderr_buffer.append(stderr)#stderr_buffer.append(stderr.decode('gbk').encode('utf-8'))#g" /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/winrm/protocol.py

a、获取ip地址[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "ipconfig"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>Windows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter 本地连接:   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :    Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c55d:90f1:8d60:5d97   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.3.188   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::daae:90ff:fe02:9d81                                       172.16.3.1         .....省略.....b、win_command模块远程获取身份[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_command -a "whoami"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>virtual_san\virtualc、移动文件[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "cmd /c 'move /y d:\issue c:\issue'"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>        1 file(s) movedd、创建文件夹[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "mkdir d:\\tst"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>    Directory: D:\Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name                              ----                -------------     ------ ----                              d----         2018/1/25     16:44            tst   e、删除文件或目录[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_file -a "path=D:\1.txt state=absent"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {    "attempts": 1,     "changed": true,     "failed": false}f、结束某程序先通过 tasklist获取运行程序信息[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "taskkill /F /IM QQ.exe /T" 172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>SUCCESS: The process with PID 3504 (child process of PID 2328) has been terminated

4、文件传输到win7被管理端
把/etc/issue文件复制到当前目录(也可以直接/etc/issue)再传送到目标主机D盘下(可以修改文件名)

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m  win_copy -a "src=issue dest=D:\issue"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {    "attempts": 1,     "changed": true,     "checksum": "5c76e3b565c91e21bee303f15c728c71e6b39540",     "dest": "D:\\issue",     "failed": false,     "operation": "file_copy",     "original_basename": "issue",     "size": 23,     "src": "issue"}

5、添加用户

[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_user -a "name=san2 passwd=123.c0m groups=Administrators"172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {    "account_disabled": false,     "account_locked": false,     "attempts": 1,     "changed": true,     "description": "",     "failed": false,     "fullname": "san2",     "groups": [        {            "name": "Administrators",             "path": "WinNT://WORKGROUP/VIRTUAL_SAN/Administrators"        }    ],     "name": "san2",     "password_expired": true,     "password_never_expires": false,     "path": "WinNT://WORKGROUP/VIRTUAL_SAN/san2",     "sid": "S-1-5-21-2708087092-4192450616-382865091-1004",     "state": "present",     "user_cannot_change_password": false}

通过以上的实践我得知,要想通过ansible批量管理windows,前提是windows上要基于powershell配置好winrm服务;然后ansible通过模块和winrm服务远程指管理;这里只是简单的列举了向个常用管理模块;更多好用的模块请参考官方windows可用模块,包括自动配置等;