Linux系统恢复误删文件的具体解决方案是什么

本篇文章为大家展示了Linux系统恢复误删文件的具体解决方案是什么，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

Linux系统并不像windows系统有回收站的机制，当我们不小心实用rm rf误删文件或者目录难道真的没有办法回复吗？

下面以例子分别解说下两种不同的误删还原方式：

误删除文件进程还在的情况: 这种一般是有活动的进程存在持续标准输入或输出，到时文件被删除后，进程PID依旧存在。这也是有些服务器删除一些文件但是磁盘不释放的原因。

打开一个终端对一个测试文件做cat追加操作：

 [root@docking ~]# echo "This is DeleteFile test." > deletefile.txt [root@docking ~]# ls deletefile.txt [root@docking ~]# cat >> deletefile.txt Add SomeLine into deletefile for fun.

打开另外一个终端查看这个文件可以清楚看到内容：

 [root@docking ~]# ls deletefile.txt [root@docking ~]# cat deletefile.txt This is DeleteFile test. Add SomeLine into deletefile for fun.

此时，删除文件rm -f deletefile.txt

 [root@docking ~]# rm -f deletefile.txt [root@docking ~]# ls #命令查看这个目录，文件已经不存在了，那么现在我们将其恢复出来。

• lsof查看删除的文件进程是否还存在。

• 如没有安装请自行yum install lsof或者apt-get install lsof 1.类似这种情况，我们可以先lsof查看删除的文件 是否还在

 [root@docking ~]# lsof | grep deletefile cat       21796          root    1w      REG              253,1        63     138860 /root/deletefile.txt (deleted)

2.恢复cp /proc/pid/fd/1 /指定目录/文件名 进入 进程目录，一般是进入/proc/pid/fd/,针对当前情况：

 [root@docking ~]# cd /proc/21796/fd [root@docking fd]# ll 总用量 0 lrwx------ 1 root root 64 1月  18 22:21 0 -> /dev/pts/0 l-wx------ 1 root root 64 1月  18 22:21 1 -> /root/deletefile.txt (deleted) lrwx------ 1 root root 64 1月  18 22:21 2 -> /dev/pts/0

恢复操作：

 [root@docking fd]# cp 1 ~/deletefile.txt.backup [root@docking fd]# cat ~/deletefile.txt.backup This is DeleteFile test. Add SomeLine into deletefile for fun.

3.恢复完成。

误删除的文件进程已经不存在，借助于工具还原 准备一些文件目录

 #准备一份挂载的盘 mkdir backuptest cd backuptest mkdir deletetest mkdir deletetest/innerfolder echo "Delete a folder test." > deletetest/innerfolder/deletefile.txt  echo "tcpdump:x:172:72::/:/sbin/nologin" > tmppasswd

最后准备的目录结构如下：

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs/backuptest$ cd .. taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$ tree backuptest/ backuptest/ ├── deletetest │   └── innerfolder │       └── deletefile.txt └── tmppasswd  2 directories, 2 files

现在开始删除该目录rm -rf backuptest/

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$ rm -rf backuptest/ taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$  ls  -l 总用量 0

这种情况一般是没有守护进行或者后台进程对其持续输入，所以删除就真的删除了。lsof也看不到，故需要采用工具进行恢复。

现在开始进行误删除文件的恢复。

我们采用的工具是extundelete第三方工具。恢复步骤以及注意事项如下：

• 停止对当前分区做任何操作，防止inode被覆盖。inode被覆盖基本就告别恢复了。

• 夸张一点讲，比如停止所在分区的服务，卸载目录所在的设备，有必要的情况下都可以断网。

• 通过dd命令对 当前分区进行备份，防止第三方软件恢复失败导致数据丢失。

• 适合数据非常重要的情况，这里是例子，所以就没有备份，如备份可以考虑如下方式：dd if=/path/filename of=/dev/vdc1

• 通过umount命令，对当前设备分区卸载。或者fuser 命令umount /dev/vdb1

• 如果提示设备busy，可以用fuser命令强制卸载：fuser -m -v -i -k ./

• 下载第三方工具extundelete安装，搜索误删除的文件进行还原

extundelete工具安装

• extundelete下载地址：http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/

 wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

解压该文件tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

若报这种错误

 [root@docking ~]# tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 tar (child): bzip2：无法 exec: 没有那个文件或目录 tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now tar: Child returned status 2 tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

则使用yum -y install bzip2进行解决

 [root@docking ~]# tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 extundelete-0.2.4/ extundelete-0.2.4/acinclude.m4 extundelete-0.2.4/missing extundelete-0.2.4/autogen.sh extundelete-0.2.4/aclocal.m4 extundelete-0.2.4/configure extundelete-0.2.4/LICENSE extundelete-0.2.4/README ...................................................

 cd  extundelete-0.2.4 ./configure

若这步骤报错

 [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure Configuring extundelete 0.2.4 configure: error: in `/root/extundelete-0.2.4': configure: error: C++ compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details

则使用yum -y install gcc-c++解决.

若执行上一步仍然报错，

 [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure Configuring extundelete 0.2.4 configure: error: Can't find ext2fs library

则使用yum -y install e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel来解决。 #Ubuntu的解决办法为sudo apt-get install e2fslibs-dev e2fslibs-dev

不出意外的话到这里应该configure能够顺利完成.

 [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure Configuring extundelete 0.2.4 Writing generated files to disk [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]#

最后make然后 make install

 [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# make make -s all-recursive Making all in src extundelete.cc: 在函数‘ext2_ino_t find_inode(ext2_filsys, ext2_filsys, ext2_inode*, std::string, int)’中: extundelete.cc:1272:29: 警告：在 {} 内将‘search_flags’从‘int’转换为较窄的类型‘ext2_ino_t {aka unsigned int}’ [-Wnarrowing]     buf, match_name2, priv, 0};                              ^ [root@docking extundelete-0.2.4]# make install Making install in src   /usr/bin/install -c extundelete '/usr/local/bin'

extundelete安装完成.

扫描误删除的文件：

使用df -lh查看挂载：

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh 文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点 udev            1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev tmpfs           387M  1.8M  385M    1% /run /dev/sda2        92G   61G   26G   71% / tmpfs           1.9G   49M  1.9G    3% /dev/shm tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda3       104G   56G   44G   57% /home tmpfs           387M   40K  387M    1% /run/user/1000 /dev/sda4        70G   20G   47G   30% /media/taroballs/d8423f8c-d687-4c03-a7c8-06a7fb57f96d /dev/sdb1       6.8G  4.1G  2.8G   60% /media/taroballs/taroballs /dev/sr0        4.0G  4.0G     0  100% /media/taroballs/2018-01-16-12-36-00-00 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ cd /media/taroballs/taroballs/ taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$

可以看到，我们的目录/media/taroballs/taroballs 挂载到/dev/sdb1 这个文件系统中.

umount我们的挂载盘 比如：

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh | grep /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1       6.8G  4.1G  2.8G   60% /media/taroballs/taroballs

umount这个目录

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ umount /media/taroballs/taroballs taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ df -lh | grep /dev/sdb1 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ #记得删除一定要后umount哦，不然二次写入谁也帮不了你呢。

通过inode节点恢复

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ mkdir recovertest taroballs@taroballs-PC:~$ cd recovertest/ taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$

执行恢复extundelete /dev/sdb1 --inode 2

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:/media/taroballs/taroballs$ sudo extundelete /dev/sdb1 --inode 2 NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Group: 0 Contents of inode 2:  . .省略N行  File name                                       | Inode number | Deleted status .                                                 2 ..                                                2 deletetest                                        12             Deleted tmppasswd                                            14             Deleted

通过扫描发现了我们删除的文件夹，现在执行恢复操作。 （1）恢复单一文件tmppasswd

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$  extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-file passwd   NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Successfully restored file tmppasswd

恢复文件是放到了当前目录RECOVERED_FILES。 查看恢复的文件：

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ cat tmppasswd tcpdump:x:172:72::/:/sbin/nologin

（2）恢复目录deletetest

 extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-directory  deletetest NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Searching for recoverable inodes in directory deletetest ... 5 recoverable inodes found. Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ...

（3）恢复所有

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-all NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Searching for recoverable inodes in directory / ... 5 recoverable inodes found. Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ... 0 recoverable inodes still lost. taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ tree backuptest/ ├── deletetest │   └── innerfolder │       └── deletefile.txt └── tmppasswd  2 directories, 2 files

（4）恢复指定inode

 taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ extundelete /dev/sdb1 --restore-inode 14 NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. taroballs@taroballs-PC:~/recovertest$ cat file.14 tcpdump:x:172:72::/:/sbin/nologin #注意恢复inode的时候，恢复 出来的文件名和之前不一样，需要单独进行改名。

最后附上extundelete的用法:

$ extundelete --helpUsage: extundelete [options] [--] device-fileOptions:  --version, -[vV]       Print version and exit successfully.  --help,                Print this help and exit successfully.  --superblock           Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest.                         If no action is specified then this option is implied.  --journal              Show content of journal.  --after dtime          Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.  --before dtime         Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.Actions:  --inode ino            Show info on inode 'ino'.  --block blk            Show info on block 'blk'.  --restore-inode ino[,ino,...]                         Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'.                         The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES                         with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345).  --restore-file 'path'  Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root                         of the partition and does not start with a '/'                         The restored file is created in the current                         directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'.  --restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'.                         Each filename should be in the same format as an option                         to --restore-file, and there should be one per line.  --restore-directory 'path'                         Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the                         root directory of the file system.  The restored                         directory is created in the output directory as 'path'.  --restore-all          Attempts to restore everything.  -j journal             Reads an external journal from the named file.  -b blocknumber         Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening                         the file system.  -B blocksize           Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file                         system.  The number should be the number of bytes.  --log 0                Make the program silent.  --log filename         Logs all messages to filename.--log D1=0,D2=filename   Custom control of log messages with comma-separated   Examples below:       list of options.  Dn must be one of info, warn, or   --log info,error      error.  Omission of the '=name' results in messages   --log warn=0          with the specified level to be logged to the console.   --log error=filename  If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified                         level will be turned off.  If the parameter is                         '=filename', messages with that level will be written                         to filename.   -o directory          Save the recovered files to the named directory.                         The restored files are created in a directory                         named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default.

Linux有哪些版本

Linux的版本有：Deepin、UbuntuKylin、Manjaro、LinuxMint、Ubuntu等版本。其中Deepin是国内发展最好的Linux发行版之一；UbuntuKylin是基于Ubuntu的衍生发行版；Manjaro是基于Arch的Linux发行版；LinuxMint默认的Cinnamon桌面类似Windows XP简单易用；Ubuntu则是以桌面应用为主的Linux操作系统。

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