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Linux下如何使用MaxScale实现数据库读写分离

发表于:2024-11-27 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月27日,这篇文章主要介绍Linux下如何使用MaxScale实现数据库读写分离,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!MaxScale是maridb开发的一个mysql数据中间件
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月27日Linux下如何使用MaxScale实现数据库读写分离

这篇文章主要介绍Linux下如何使用MaxScale实现数据库读写分离,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!

MaxScale是maridb开发的一个mysql数据中间件,其配置简单,能够实现读写分离,并且可以根据主从状态实现写库的自动切换。

操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

数据库:MariaDB-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64

MaxScale服务器:10.200.10.55

主服务器:172.16.8.56

从服务器:172.16.8.57

从服务器:172.16.8.58

1.maxscale的安装方式有很多,例如源码安装、rpm、二进制构建等,我选择二进制进行安装。

根据场景需要下载相对应的版本,下载地址;https://mariadb.com/downloads/maxscale

   [root@localhost ~]# groupadd maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g maxscale maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local   [root@localhost local]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MaxScale/2.1.3/centos/7server/x86_64/maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7.tar.gz   [root@localhost local]# tar zxvf maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7.tar.gz   [root@localhost local]# ln -s maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7 maxscale   [root@localhost local]# cd maxscale   [root@zhu56 maxscale]# chown -R maxscale var

建议创建软连接,这样有助于以后的版本升级及后期维护。

2.首次安装maxscale需要创建日志相关目录

   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/log/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/run/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/cache/maxscale

3.以下目录必须具备maxscala用户权限

   [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/log/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/lib/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/run/maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/cache/maxscale

4.为了能让Maxscale能顺利启动,还需要创建配置文件,在Maxscale目录下有配置文件模板拷贝到etc下即可。

    [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/maxscale/etc/maxscale.cnf.template /etc/maxscale.cnf

5.在修改配置文件之前,需要在主服务器上创建一个用户并给予授权,而这个用户用于MySQL监控、路由功能

   MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'jiankongdb'@'%' identified by 'jiankong123';   MariaDB [(none)]> grant SELECT on mysql.user to 'jiankongdb'@'%';   MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO 'jiankongdb'@'%';   MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON mysql.tables_priv TO 'jiankongdb'@'%';   MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.* TO 'jiankongdb'@'%';   MariaDB [(none)]> grant REPLICATION CLIENT on *.* to 'jiankongdb'@'%';   MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT replication slave, replication client,SELECT ON *.* TO jiankongdb@'%';

6.查看授权情况

    MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR'jiankong'@'%';

7.接下来就开始修改maxscale.cnf配置文件,否则无法启动。

   [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/maxscale.cnf   # MaxScale documentation on GitHub:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Documentation-Contents.md   # Global parameters   #   # Complete list of configuration options:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Getting-Started/Configuration-Guide.md   #全局配置   [maxscale]   threads=1   # Server definitions   #   # Set the address of the server to the network   # address of a MySQL server.   #   [server1]   type=server   address=172.16.8.56   port=3306   protocol=MySQLBackend   serv_weight=1   [server2]   type=server   address=172.16.8.57   port=3306   protocol=MySQLBackend   serv_weight=3   [server3]   type=server   address=172.16.8.58   port=3306   protocol=MySQLBackend   serv_weight=3   # Monitor for the servers   #   # This will keep MaxScale aware of the state of the servers.   # MySQL Monitor documentation:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Monitors/MySQL-Monitor.md   #MariaDB状态监控   [MySQL Monitor]   type=monitor   module=mysqlmon   servers=server1,server2,server3   user=jiankong   passwd=jiankong123   monitor_interval=10000   detect_stale_master=true #即使从全挂掉,保证主担任读写   # Service definitions   #   # Service Definition for a read-only service and   # a read/write splitting service.   #   # ReadConnRoute documentation:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadConnRoute.md   #读   [Read-Only Service]   type=service   router=readconnroute   servers=server1,server2,server3   user=jiankong   passwd=jiankong123   router_options=slave   enable_root_user=1 #允许root用户登录执行   weightby=serv_weight #主从权重   # ReadWriteSplit documentation:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadWriteSplit.md   #写   [Read-Write Service]   type=service   router=readwritesplit   servers=server1,server2,server3   user=jiankong   passwd=jiankong123   max_slave_connections=100%   use_sql_variables_in=master #保证会话的一致性   enable_root_user=1 #允许root登录   max_slave_replication_lag=3600 #允许从超出主的同步时间,超出则不路由   # This service enables the use of the MaxAdmin interface   # MaxScale administration guide:   # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Reference/MaxAdmin.md   [MaxAdmin Service]   type=service   router=cli   # Listener definitions for the services   #   # These listeners represent the ports the   # services will listen on.   #   [Read-Only Listener]   type=listener   service=Read-Only Service   protocol=MySQLClient   port=4008   [Read-Write Listener]   type=listener   service=Read-Write Service   protocol=MySQLClient   port=4006   [MaxAdmin Listener]   type=listener   service=MaxAdmin Service   protocol=maxscaled   socket=default

保存并退出。 8.下面创建启动脚本

   [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7/share/maxscale.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/   [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/maxscale.service

9.修改maxscale.service中的ExecStart=///bin/maxscale为ExecStart=/usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxscale

   [root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /usr/lib/systemd/system/maxscale.service   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable maxscale   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start maxscale

10.添加变量值

   [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile //最后一行添加以下内容保存退出!   PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/maxscale/bin   export PATH   [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile //使其变量立即生效

11.接下来就可以使用MaxAdmin进行管理。MaxAdmin是一个简单的客户端管理界面,可用于与MariaDB MaxScale服务器进行交互,可以显示MariaDB MaxScale内部的统计信息状态以及对MariaDB MaxScale操作的控制。详情: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-enterprise/maxadmin-admin-interface/

   [root@localhost ~]# maxadmin //回车   MaxScale> list servers   Servers.   ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+-----------------   Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status   ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+-----------------   server1 | 172.16.8.56 | 3306 | 0 | Master, Running   server2 | 172.16.8.57 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running   server2 | 172.16.8.58 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running   ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+-----------------

12.至此MaxScale已经配置完成。现在就可以使用客户端连接Maxscale服务器端 端口为4006。

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