Oracle 11.2.0.4静默安装软件和创建数据库

在没有图形界面的情况时，安装Oracle数据库软件和创建数据库就只能使用命令行的方式进行。

本文假设安装的前提条件都已经配置好。

一、静默安装数据库软件

1、准备参数文件

这个参数文件是用于安装软件使用的，里边配置了需要安装的版本、语言、ORACLE_HOME等信息。

这个文件的模版在database/response目录下的db_install.rsp，文件中的各个参数作用参考http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/em.112/e12255/oui3_response_files.htm#OUICG183

#修改记录如下：oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #只安装软件UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall      #安装的操作系统用户组INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory/ #Inventory目录路径SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en  #安装语言ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db #Oracle Home路径ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/  #Oracle Base路径oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #数据库版本 EE企业版oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba  #DBA组所属的操作系统用户组oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall #OPER组所属的操作系统用户组DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #必须设置为true，否则需要修改其他信息#创建Inventory目录[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ cd /u01/app/[oracle@rhel6 app]$ lsoracle[oracle@rhel6 app]$ mkdir oraInventory

2、静默安装

[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/soft/11g/11.2.0.4_database/response/install.rsp Starting Oracle Universal Installer...Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 34496 MB    PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2047 MB    PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM. Please wait ...[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.You can find the log of this install session at: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log#日志文件：/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log [oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-21_05-02-49PM.log' for more details.As a root user, execute the following script(s):        1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.shSuccessfully Setup Software.

3、使用root执行脚本

[root@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@rhel6 response]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/root.shCheck /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.log for the output of root script[root@rhel6 response]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/install/root_rhel6_2016-12-21_17-12-23.logPerforming root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as:    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.Finished product-specific root actions.#测试sqlplus[oracle@rhel6 11.2.0.4_database]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:16:19 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL>

4、手工建库

官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/create.htm#CIAEJDBE

4.1 配置环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbexport ORACLE_SID=mydbexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin#创建数据文件存储目录[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE[oracle@rhel6 oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/mydb

4.2 手工创建pfile

#此处只写必要的几个参数，生产上要按照实际情况写参数[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cat mydb.oradb_name=mydbcontrol_files=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl

4.3 启动实例到NOMOUNT状态

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 17:26:31 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/mydb.ora;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  217157632 bytesFixed Size             2251816 bytesVariable Size                159384536 bytesDatabase Buffers      50331648 bytesRedo Buffers                   5189632 bytes

4.4 创建spfile并重启到NOMOUNT状态

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/mydb.ora';File created.SQL> shutdown immediate;ORA-01507: database not mountedORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  217157632 bytesFixed Size             2251816 bytesVariable Size                159384536 bytesDatabase Buffers      50331648 bytesRedo Buffers                   5189632 bytes

4.4 执行CREATE DATABASE语句创建数据库

SQL> CREATE DATABASE mydb  2     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle  3     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle  4     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,  5             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,  6             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512  7     MAXLOGFILES 5  8     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5  9     MAXLOGHISTORY 1 10     MAXDATAFILES 100 11     CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK 12     NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 13     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 14     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE 15     SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE 16     DEFAULT TABLESPACE users 17        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf' 18        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 19     DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 20        TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' 21        SIZE 20M REUSE 22     UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs 23        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf' 24        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;Database created.

4.5 执行创建数据字典脚本

conn / as sysdba@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sqlconn system/oracle@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

5、创建监听并启动

[oracle@rhel6 mydb]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ lssamples  shrept.lst[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ vi listener.ora[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ cat listener.ora LISTENER=  (DESCRIPTION=    (ADDRESS_LIST=      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521))      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 21-DEC-2016 17:41:13Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - ProductionStart Date                21-DEC-2016 17:41:15Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 2 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully

6、测试

C:\Users\victor>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.56.3/mydbSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期三 12月 21 17:51:05 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.连接到:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE--------------------READ WRITE