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mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征介绍

发表于：2024-11-15 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月15日，下面一起来了解下mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征，相信大家看完肯定会受益匪浅，文字在精不在多，希望mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征这篇短内容是你想要的。一、json结构创建测试

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月15日mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征介绍

下面一起来了解下mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征，相信大家看完肯定会受益匪浅，文字在精不在多，希望mysql5.7新增加的JSON数据类型特征这篇短内容是你想要的。

一、json结构

创建测试表

CREATE TABLE `article` (  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `category` json NOT NULL,  `tags` json NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

分析：article表中的字段category与tags均为json类型

填写测试数据

INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (1,'{\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"php\"}','[\"php\", \"mysql\", \"linux\", \"nginx\", \"redis\", \"memcache\", \"mongodb\"]'),(2,'{\"id\": 2, \"name\": \"java\"}','[\"java\", \"mysql\", \"oracel\", \"linux\", \"nginx\", \"redis\", \"memcache\", \"mongodb\"]'),(3,'{\"id\": \"3\", \"name\": \"c#\"}','[\"c\", \"c++\", \"OS\", \"linux\", \"unix\", \"IBM\"]');

总体预览

二、json查询

select id,json_extract(category,'$.name') as name from test.article;#提取json字段里面的信息

# column->path形式访问json中的元素 category->'$.name'
select id,category->'$.name' as name from test.article;#提取json字段里面的信息(访问json中的元素 category->'$.name')
select id,json_unquote(json_extract(category,'$.name')) as name from test.article;#提取json字段里面的信息,json_unqoute去双引号
select id,json_unquote(category->'$.name') as name from test.article;#提取json字段里面的信息，json_unqoute去双引号
select id,category->>'$.name' as name from test.article;

select * from test.article where category='{"id": 1, "name": "php"}'; #json不同于字符串，不能当作字符串做比较

select * from test.article where category=cast('{"id": 1, "name": "php"}' as JSON); #通过CAST将字符串转换成JSON形式

select * from test.article where category->'$.name'='java';

select * from test.article where category->>'$.name'='java';

#JSON 中的元素搜索是严格区分变量类型的，比如说整型和字符串是严格区分的

select * from test.article where category->'$.id'='2';#字符号串

select * from test.article where category->'$.id'=2;#×××

select * from test.article where category->'$.id'='3';#字符号串

select * from test.article where json_extract(category,'$.id')='3';#字符号串

select * from test.article where json_contains(category,'2','$.id');#整数

select * from test.article where json_contains(category,'"3"','$.id');#字符号串

select * from test.article where json_contains(tags,'"linux"');#字符号串

2、查询json格式的字段
mysql> select jsn_extract(data, '.name′),jsnextract(data,′.address') from user;
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
| jsn_extract(data, '.name′)|jsnextract(data,′.address') |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
| "David" | "Shangahai" |
| "Amy" | NULL |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、给json格式的某个键字段创建索引。首先创建虚拟列，之后在改虚拟列上创建索引。
mysql> ALTER TABLE user ADD user_name varchar(128)
-> GENERATED ALWAYS AS (jsn_extract(data,'$.name')) VIRTUAL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select user_name from user;
+-----------+
| user_name |
+-----------+
| "Amy" |
| "David" |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table user add index idx_username (user_name);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
4、之后通过虚拟列名对json特定列进行索引查询：
mysql> explain select * from user where user_name='"Amy"'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user
partitions: NULL
type: ref
possible_keys: idx_username
key: idx_username
key_len: 131
ref: const
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

三、json更新

更新 JSON

如果是整个 json 更新的话，和插入时类似的。

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET tags = '[1, 3, 4]' WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM lnmp;+----+------------------------------+-----------+ | id | category                     | tags      | +----+------------------------------+-----------+ | 1  | {"id": 1, "name": "lnmp.cn"} | [1, 3, 4] | | 2  | {"id": 2, "name": "php.net"} | [1, 3, 5] |+----+------------------------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

但如果要更新 JSON 下的元素，MySQL 并不支持 column->path 的形式

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET category->'$.name' = 'lnmp', tags->'$[0]' = 2 WHERE id = 1;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '->'$.name' = 'lnmp', tags->'$[0]' = 2 WHERE id = 1' at line 1

则可能要用到以下几个函数

JSON_INSERT() 插入新值，但不会覆盖已经存在的值

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET category = JSON_INSERT(category, '$.name', 'lnmp', '$.url', 'www.lnmp.cn') WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM lnmp;+----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------+| id | category                                           | tags      |+----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------+|  1 | {"id": 1, "url": "www.lnmp.cn", "name": "lnmp.cn"} | [1, 3, 4] ||  2 | {"id": 2, "name": "php.net"}                       | [1, 3, 5] |+----+----------------------------------------------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到 name 没有被修改，但新元素 url 已经添加进去

JSON_SET() 插入新值，并覆盖已经存在的值

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET category = JSON_SET(category, '$.host', 'www.lnmp.cn', '$.url', 'http://www.lnmp.cn') WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM lnmp;+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| id | category                                                                         | tags      |+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+|  1 | {"id": 1, "url": "http://www.lnmp.cn", "host": "www.lnmp.cn", "name": "lnmp.cn"} | [1, 3, 4] ||  2 | {"id": 2, "name": "php.net"}                                                     | [1, 3, 5] |+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到 host 已经插入，url 已经被修改

JSON_REPLACE() 只替换存在的值

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET category = JSON_REPLACE(category, '$.name', 'php', '$.url', 'http://www.php.net') WHERE id = 2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM lnmp;+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| id | category                                                                         | tags      |+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+|  1 | {"id": 1, "url": "http://www.lnmp.cn", "host": "www.lnmp.cn", "name": "lnmp.cn"} | [1, 3, 4] ||  2 | {"id": 2, "name": "php"}                                                         | [1, 3, 5] |+----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到 name 已经被替换，url 不存在被忽略。

JSON_REMOVE() 删除 JSON 元素

mysql> UPDATE lnmp SET category = JSON_REMOVE(category, '$.url', '$.host') WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM lnmp;+----+------------------------------+-----------+| id | category                     | tags      |+----+------------------------------+-----------+|  1 | {"id": 1, "name": "lnmp.cn"} | [1, 3, 4] ||  2 | {"id": 2, "name": "php"}     | [1, 3, 5] |+----+------------------------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

更多函数请参考：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json-modification-functions.html

MySQL JSON 在 PHP 中的表现

虽然在 MySQL 是个JSON 类型，但实际在 PHP 应用中返回的是 JSON 格式的字符串

array(2) {  [0]=>  array(3) {    ["id"]=>    string(1) "1"    ["category"]=>    string(28) "{"id": 1, "name": "lnmp.cn"}"    ["tags"]=>    string(9) "[1, 3, 4]"  }  [1]=>  array(3) {    ["id"]=>    string(1) "2"    ["category"]=>    string(24) "{"id": 2, "name": "php"}"    ["tags"]=>    string(9) "[1, 3, 5]"  }}
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