网络设备配置与管理----使用EIGRP实现两个企业网络互联
理论学习
问题1：EIGRP的特点？
EIGRP是一种内部网关协议，用在自制系统的内部执行路由功能，为无类路由协议，性质为高级距离矢量路由协议
与运行EIGRP的路由器之间通过发送Hello包形成邻居关系后交换路由信息。
运行EIGRP的路由器储存所有与其相邻路由器的路由表信息
EIGRP采用组播和单播的更新方式，只有在路由器改变计量标准或拓扑发生变化的情况下进行路由更新
支持可变长子网掩码和不连续的子网，支持路由自动汇总，支持多种网络层协议还支持IPX,AppleTake等
在运行EIGRP的路由器内部，有一个邻居路由表，一个拓扑结构表和一个路由表。
使用DUAL算法，具有很好的路由收敛特性。
支持任意负载均衡。
问题2：EIGRP的运行过程？
建立相邻关系
发现网络拓扑，选择最短路由
路由查询、更新
问题3：EIGRP与RIP的区别？
EIGRP是思科专有的，而RIP是通用的协议
EIGRP是高级距离矢量协议 RIP是距离矢量协议
工作任务实施
1.网络拓扑结构设计
1. 设备配置命令（各个路由器分别配置）
R1
R1(config)#in
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exi
R1(config)#in
R1(config)#interface f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config)#router eigrp 10
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
CNC
CNC(config)#in
CNC(config)#interface f0/0
CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
CNC(config-if)#no shu
CNC(config-if)#no shutdown
CNC(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
CNC(config-if)#ex
CNC(config)#in
CNC(config)#interface f0/1
CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252
CNC(config-if)#no shu
CNC(config-if)#no shutdown
CNC(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
CNC(config)#router eigrp 10
CNC(config-router)#no a
CNC(config-router)#no auto-summary
CNC(config-router)#ne
CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
CNC(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
R2
R2(config)#in
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#in
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config)#rou
R2(config)#router e
R2(config)#router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#no a
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#ne
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
R2(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.5 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2(config-router)#ne
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
1. 单段测试结果
PC1
PC>ping 10.1.1.1
Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 10.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC2
PC>PING 10.1.2.1
Pinging 10.1.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 10.1.2.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
1. 综合测试结果
PC1
PC>ping 10.1.2.2
Pinging 10.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 10.1.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC2
PC>PING 10.1.1.2
Pinging 10.1.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 10.1.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
2. 查看各个路由器的路由
R1
R1#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.2, 00:03:27, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:04:48, FastEthernet0/1
CNC
CNC#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 10.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:06:52, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.6, 00:03:55, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2
R2#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 10.1.1.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
3. 查看EIGRP的相关信息。
R1
R1#show ip protocol
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.0/30
10.1.1.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.2 90 346181
Distance: internal 90 external 170
CNC
CNC#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.0/30
172.16.1.4/30
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.1 90 339203
172.16.1.6 90 475312
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R2
R2#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.4/30
10.1.2.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.5 90 474044
Distance: internal 90 external 170
工作扩展
基于教材176页扩展任务要求学习使用路由接口代替真实接口的配置
（1） 拓扑结构图
（1） 各个路由器的主要配置命令
R1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
CNC
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
!
R2
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback2
ip address 10.1.2.17 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback3
ip address 10.1.2.33 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback4
ip address 10.1.2.49 255.255.255.240
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.16 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.32 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.48 0.0.0.15
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
（2） 分析各个路由器的路由
R1
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:03, FastEthernet0/1
CNC
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:18:43, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.1.2.0/28 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.1.2.16/28 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.1.2.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback3
C 10.1.2.48/28 is directly connected, Loopback4
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
思考问题：
问题1：自动汇总和手动汇总的区别？
自动方式：当路由中存在多个交叉的小分类网络边界时自动把这些路由汇总成一个大的分类网络边界（这是通过汇总子网地址前缀来实现的）。自动汇总功能是默认启用的。
手动方式：在指定接口上通告一个汇总本地IP地址池，这个汇总IP地址池可以供拨号客户端。
