C++怎么避免无意中编写非通用代码
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Reason(原因)
Generality. Reusability. Don't gratuitously commit to details; use the most general facilities available.
通用性。重用性。不要无故陷入细节。使用可用的,更加通用的功能。
Example(示例)
Use != instead of < to compare iterators; != works for more objects because it doesn't rely on ordering.
使用!=而不是<比较迭代器;由于不依赖有序性,!=适用于更多对象。
for (auto i = first; i < last; ++i) { // less generic
// ...
}
for (auto i = first; i != last; ++i) { // good; more generic
// ...
}
Of course, range-for is better still where it does what you want.
当然,如果确实是你想要的,范围for语句可能是更好的选择。
Example(示例)
Use the least-derived class that has the functionality you need.
使用包含你需要功能的最少继承类。
class Base {
public:
Bar f();
Bar g();
};
class Derived1 : public Base {
public:
Bar h();
};
class Derived2 : public Base {
public:
Bar j();
};
// bad, unless there is a specific reason for limiting to Derived1 objects only
void my_func(Derived1& param)
{
use(param.f());
use(param.g());
}
// good, uses only Base interface so only commit to that
void my_func(Base& param)
{
use(param.f());
use(param.g());
}
Enforcement(实施建议)
Flag comparison of iterators using < instead of !=.
标记使用<而不是!=进行迭代器比较的情况。
Flag x.size() == 0 when x.empty() or x.is_empty() is available. Emptiness works for more containers than size(), because some containers don't know their size or are conceptually of unbounded size.
如果x.empty()或者x.is_empty()可用,标记使用x.size()==0的代码。由于有些容器不知道自己的大小或者概念上是无限大的,相比size(),空判断可以用于更多的容器。
Flag functions that take a pointer or reference to a more-derived type but only use functions declared in a base type.
标记函数获取派生类的指针或引用却只使用到基类函数的情况。
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