Python爬虫实战之如何采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格

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一、解析淘宝URL组成

1.我们的第一个需求就是要输入商品名字返回对应的信息

所以我们这里随便选一个商品来观察它的URL，这里我们选择的是书包，打开网页，可知他的URL为：

https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%E4%B9%A6%E5%8C%85&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306

可能单单从这个url里我们看不出什么，但是我们可以从图中看出一些端倪

我们发现q后面的参数就是我们要获取的物品的名字

2.我们第二个需求就是根据输入的数字来爬取商品的页码

所以我们来观察一下后面几页URL的组成

由此我们可以得出分页的依据是最后s的值=(44(页数-1))

二、查看网页源码并用re库提取信息

1.查看源码

这里的几个信息都是我们所需要的

2.re库提取信息

a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)    b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)    c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)    d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)

三：函数填写

这里我写了三个函数，第一个函数来获取html网页，代码如下：

def GetHtml(url):     r = requests.get(url,headers =headers)     r.raise_for_status()     r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding     return r

第二个用于获取网页的URL代码如下：

def Geturls(q, x):     url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \                                                  "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 "     urls = []     urls.append(url)     if x == 1:         return urls     for i in range(1, x ):         url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \               "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \               "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str(             i * 44)         urls.append(url)     return urls

第三个用于获取我们需要的商品信息并写入Excel表格代码如下：

def GetxxintoExcel(html):     global count#定义一个全局变量count用于后面excel表的填写     a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)#（.*?）匹配任意字符     b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)     c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)     d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)     x = []     for i in range(len(a)):         try:             x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i]))#把获取的信息放入新的列表中         except IndexError:             break     i = 0     for i in range(len(x)):         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0])#worksheet.write方法用于写入数据,第一个数字是行位置，第二个数字是列，第三个是写入的数据信息。         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1])         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2])         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3])     count = count +len(x) #下次写入的行数是这次的长度+1     return print("已完成")

四：主函数填写

if __name__ == "__main__":     count = 0     headers = {         "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36"         ,"cookie":""#cookie 是每个人独有的，因为反爬机制的缘故，爬取太快可能到后面要重新刷新一下自己的Cookie。                 }     q = input("输入货物")     x = int(input("你想爬取几页"))     urls = Geturls(q,x)     workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx")     worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()     worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70)     worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20)     worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20)     worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20)     worksheet.write('A1', '名称')     worksheet.write('B1', '价格')     worksheet.write('C1', '地区')     worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数')     for url in urls:         html = GetHtml(url)         s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text)         time.sleep(5)     workbook.close()#在程序结束之前不要打开excel，excel表在当前目录下

五：完整代码

import re import  requests import xlsxwriter import  time  def GetxxintoExcel(html):     global count     a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)     b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html)     c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html)     d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)     x = []     for i in range(len(a)):         try:             x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i]))         except IndexError:             break     i = 0     for i in range(len(x)):         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0])         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1])         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2])         worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3])     count = count +len(x)     return print("已完成")   def Geturls(q, x):     url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \                                                  "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 "     urls = []     urls.append(url)     if x == 1:         return urls     for i in range(1, x ):         url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \               "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \               "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str(             i * 44)         urls.append(url)     return urls   def GetHtml(url):     r = requests.get(url,headers =headers)     r.raise_for_status()     r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding     return r  if __name__ == "__main__":     count = 0     headers = {         "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36"         ,"cookie":""                 }     q = input("输入货物")     x = int(input("你想爬取几页"))     urls = Geturls(q,x)     workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx")     worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()     worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70)     worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20)     worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20)     worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20)     worksheet.write('A1', '名称')     worksheet.write('B1', '价格')     worksheet.write('C1', '地区')     worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数')     xx = []     for url in urls:         html = GetHtml(url)         s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text)         time.sleep(5)     workbook.close()

到此，相信大家对"Python爬虫实战之如何采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格"有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！