MySQL中基于GTID半同步如何搭建主从

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1. 背景

* GTID: 全局事物ID(Global Transaction ID)，在整个事务架构中每一个事务ID号是全局唯一的，不止是在一个节点上而是整个主从复制架构中每任何两个事务的ID号都不会相同。

* GTID就是由当前节点的UUID（一个128位的随机数）和为当前节点生成的自增数（TID）组成的。

* GTID在分布式架构中可以保证数据的一致性。从而也实现了mysql的高可用性。

* MySQL 5.6开始支持。 GTID在复制中代替原有的binlog file和file posistion复制定位。

2. 环境

* Master云服务器环境

mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 6.8 (Final)mysql> system ifconfig eth0  | sed -rn '2s#^.*addr:(.*)  Bca.*$#\1#gp'172.18.0.1mysql> show variables like 'version';+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value      |+---------------+------------+| version       | 5.7.18-log |+---------------+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* Slave云服务器环境

mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 6.8 (Final)mysql> system ifconfig eth0  | sed -rn '2s#^.*addr:(.*)  Bca.*$#\1#gp'172.18.4.1mysql> show variables like 'version';+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value      |+---------------+------------+| version       | 5.7.18-log |+---------------+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* Master my.cnf配置文件

[mysqld]########basic settings######### 主从server-id一定要设置不同server-id = 110port = 3306user = mysqlbind_address = 0.0.0.0    character_set_server=utf8mb4skip_name_resolve = 1datadir = /data/mysql_datalog_error = error.log#######replication settings######### 开启 gtidgtid_mode = on# 强制gtid的一致性enforce-gtid-consistency = truemaster_info_repository = TABLErelay_log_info_repository = TABLE# MySQL复制是基于binlog日志的log_bin = bin.logsync_binlog = 1log_slave_updates# MySQL binlog格式搭建主从时必须设置为rowbinlog_format = rowrelay_log = relay.logrelay_log_recovery = 1slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors######semi sync replication settings######### 设置插件目录路径plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin# 加载插件plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"# 开启master semi sync replicationloose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1# 开启slave semi sync replicationloose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1# 等待5秒无ack应答自动切换为异步模式loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000

* Slave my.cnf配置文件

[mysqld]########basic settings########gtid_mode = onenforce-gtid-consistency = trueserver-id = 210port = 3306user = mysqlbind_address = 0.0.0.0character_set_server=utf8mb4skip_name_resolve = 1datadir = /data/mysql_datalog_error = error.log#######replication settings########master_info_repository = TABLErelay_log_info_repository = TABLElog_bin = bin.logsync_binlog = 1log_slave_updatesbinlog_format = row# slave上开启只读，避免应用误写导致主从数据不一致read_only = onrelay_log = relay.logrelay_log_recovery = 1binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors######semi sync replication settings########plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/pluginplugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point = AFTER_SYNCrpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count = 1

3. 搭建基于GTID半同步复制主从

* master 创建复制所使用的用户 [ 此处ip设置为slave服务IP或者% ]

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl'@'172.18.4.1' identified by '123';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

* slave云服务器上配置连接master信息

未开启slave服务时，Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running状态成No

mysql> show slave status;        # 未开启复制功能时，slave状态是空的Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql>  change master to master_host='172.18.0.1',master_user='rpl',master_password='123',master_auto_position=1;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State:                   Master_Host: 172.18.0.1                  Master_User: rpl                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File:           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4               Relay_Log_File: relay.000001                Relay_Log_Pos: 4        Relay_Master_Log_File:              Slave_IO_Running: No            Slave_SQL_Running: No              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0              Relay_Log_Space: 154              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 0                  Master_UUID:              Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info                    SQL_Delay: 0          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL      Slave_SQL_Running_State:            Master_Retry_Count: 86400                  Master_Bind:       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                Master_SSL_Crl:            Master_SSL_Crlpath:            Retrieved_Gtid_Set:             Executed_Gtid_Set: e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1                Auto_Position: 1         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* 开启slave服务，并查看状态

正常开启slave服务后，Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running状态成Yes

mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 172.18.0.1                  Master_User: rpl                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: bin.000002          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 689               Relay_Log_File: relay.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 890        Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 689              Relay_Log_Space: 1087              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 110                  Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info                    SQL_Delay: 0          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates           Master_Retry_Count: 86400                  Master_Bind:       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                Master_SSL_Crl:            Master_SSL_Crlpath:            Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-2            Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-2,e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1                Auto_Position: 1         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* master 查看slave连接信息

mysql> show slave hosts;+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID                           |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+|       210 |      | 3306 |       110 | e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02 |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* Master上操作创建数据库与表，并插入数据

mysql> create database mytest character set utf8mb4;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> use mytest;Database changedmysql> create table a(data INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into a select null;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> insert into a select null;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> insert into a select null;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select * from a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 |+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* slave上查看

mysql> select * from mytest.a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 |+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. slave误写，gtid错误解决

* master数据查看

mysql> select * from mytest.a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 |+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* slave数据查看

mysql> select * from mytest.a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 |+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* slave数据误写

mysql> insert into mytest.a select null;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select * from mytest.a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 ||    4 |+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* master相同数据插入

mysql> insert into a select null;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select * from a;+------+| data |+------+|    1 ||    2 ||    3 ||    4 |+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

* slave云服务器状态查看 报1062错误，SQL线程停止工作，由于开启gtid不能设置跳过错误

mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 172.18.0.1                  Master_User: rpl                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: bin.000002          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 5768               Relay_Log_File: relay.000005                Relay_Log_Pos: 1354        Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: No              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 1062                   Last_Error: Could not execute Write_rows event on table mytest.a; Duplicate entry '4' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log bin.000002, end_log_pos 5737                 Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 5512              Relay_Log_Space: 2601              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 1062               Last_SQL_Error: Could not execute Write_rows event on table mytest.a; Duplicate entry '4' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log bin.000002, end_log_pos 5737  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 110                  Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info                    SQL_Delay: 0          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL      Slave_SQL_Running_State:            Master_Retry_Count: 86400                  Master_Bind:       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 170724 17:15:51               Master_SSL_Crl:            Master_SSL_Crlpath:            Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:10-23            Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-22,e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1-5                Auto_Position: 1         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* slave云服务器停止复制

mysql> stop slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 设置gtid下一次执行 通过Retrieved_Gtid_Set和Executed_Gtid_Set得到未执行的gtid

mysql> set gtid_next = 'aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:23';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 执行空事物

mysql> begin;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> commit;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 设置gtid下一次自动寻找gtid事物

mysql> set gtid_next = 'automatic';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* slave云服务器开启复制

mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

* slave云服务器查看状态 SQL线程正常开启工作

mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 172.18.0.1                  Master_User: rpl                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: bin.000002          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 5768               Relay_Log_File: relay.000006                Relay_Log_Pos: 436        Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 5768              Relay_Log_Space: 2089              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 110                  Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info                    SQL_Delay: 0          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates           Master_Retry_Count: 86400                  Master_Bind:       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                Master_SSL_Crl:            Master_SSL_Crlpath:            Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:10-23            Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-23,e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1-5                Auto_Position: 1         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5. 总结

以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。

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