ELK怎么写入日志的对应键值信息

ELK是三个开源软件的缩写，分别表示：Elasticsearch , Logstash, Kibana , 它们都是开源软件。新增了一个FileBeat，它是一个轻量级的日志收集处理工具(Agent)，Filebeat占用资源少，适合于在各个服务器上搜集日志后传输给Logstash

Logstash是一个开源的用于收集，分析和存储日志的工具。 Kibana4用来搜索和查看Logstash已索引的日志的web接口。这两个工具都基于Elasticsearch。 ● Logstash: Logstash服务的组件，用于处理传入的日志。 ● Elasticsearch: 存储所有日志 ● Kibana 4: 用于搜索和可视化的日志的Web界面，通过nginx反代 ● Logstash Forwarder: 安装在将要把日志发送到logstash的服务器上，作为日志转发的道理，通过  lumberjack 网络协议与 Logstash 服务通讯注意：logstash-forwarder要被beats替代了，关注后续内容。后续会转到logstash+elasticsearch+beats上。

ELK架构如下：

elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gzkibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gzlogstash-1.5.6-1.noarch.rpmlogstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm单机模式#OSCentOS release 6.5 (Final)#Base and JDKgroupadd elkuseradd -g elk elkpasswd elkyum install vim lsof man wget ntpdate vixie-cron -ycrontab -e*/1 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.windows.com > /dev/null 2>&1service crond restart禁用selinux，关闭iptablessed -i "s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#" /etc/selinux/configservice iptables stopreboottar -zxvf jdk-8u92-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/vim /etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_92export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_92/jreexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATHexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/libsource /etc/profile#Elasticsearch#(cluster时在其他server安装elasticsearch，并配置相同集群名称，不同节点名称即可)RPM安装rpm --import http://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchwget -c https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.noarch.rpmrpm -ivh elasticsearch-1.7.2.noarch.rpmtar安装wget -c https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gztar zxvf elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/mkdir -p /data/{db,logs}vim config/elasticsearch.yml#cluster.name: elasticsearch#node.name: "es-node1"#node.master: true  #node.data: true  path.data: /data/dbpath.logs: /data/logsnetwork.host: 192.168.28.131#插件安装cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/plugin -install mobz/elasticsearch-head#https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-headbin/plugin -install lukas-vlcek/bigdeskbin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf#会提示版本过低解决办法就是手动下载该软件，不通过插件安装命令...cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/pluginswget https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zipunzip master.zipmv elasticsearch-kopf-master kopf以上操作就完全等价于插件的安装命令cd /usr/local/chown elk:elk elasticsearch-1.7.2/ -Rchown elk:elk /data/* -Rsupervisord安装：yum install supervisor -y末尾添加针对elasticsearch的配置项vim /etc/supervisord.conf[program:elasticsearch]directory = /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/;command = su -c "/usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch" elkcommand =/usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearchnumprocs = 1autostart = truestartsecs = 5autorestart = truestartretries = 3user = elk;stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 200MB;stdout_logfile_backups = 20;stdout_logfile = /var/log/pvs_elasticsearch_stdout.log#Kibana（注意版本搭配）https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gztar zxvf kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/cd /usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64vim config/kibana.ymlport: 5601host: "192.168.28.131"elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.28.131:9200"./bin/kibana -l /var/log/kibana.log  #启动服务，kibana 4.0开始是以socket服务启动的#cd /etc/init.d &&  curl -o kibana https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/8b15ac909aed214ad04a/raw/fc5025c3fc499ad8262aff34ba7fde8c87ead7c0/kibana-4.x-init#cd /etc/default &&  curl -o kibana https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/8b15ac909aed214ad04a/raw/fc5025c3fc499ad8262aff34ba7fde8c87ead7c0/kibana-4.x-default#修改对应信息，添加可执行权限或者如下：cat >> /etc/init.d/kibana "$KIBANA_LOG" 2>&1 &               sleep 2               pidofproc node > $PID_FILE               RETVAL=$?               [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && success || failureecho               [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE               return $RETVAL       fi}reload(){   echo "Reload command is not implemented for this service."   return $RETVAL}stop() {       echo -n "Stopping $DESC : "       killproc -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON       RETVAL=$?echo       [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $PID_FILE $LOCK_FILE}case "$1" in start)       start;; stop)       stop       ;; status)       status -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON       RETVAL=$?       ;; restart)       stop       start       ;; reload)reload;; *)# Invalid Arguments, print the following message.       echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" >&2exit 2       ;;esacEOFchmod +x kibanamv kibana /etc/init.d/#Nginxyum install nginx -yvim /etc/nginx/conf.d/elk.confserver {   server_name elk.sudo.com;   auth_basic "Restricted Access";   auth_basic_user_file passwd;   location / {       proxy_pass http://192.168.28.131:5601;       proxy_http_version 1.1;       proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;       proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';       proxy_set_header Host $host;       proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;           }}#htpsswd添加：yum install httpd-tools –yecho -n 'sudo:' >> /etc/nginx/passwd #添加用户openssl passwd elk.sudo.com >> /etc/nginx/passwd #添加密码cat /etc/nginx/passwd #查看chkconfig nginx on && service nginx start#Logstash--Setuprpm --import https://packages.elasticsearch.org/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchvi /etc/yum.repos.d/logstash.repo[logstash-1.5]name=Logstash repository for 1.5.x packagesbaseurl=http://packages.elasticsearch.org/logstash/1.5/centosgpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://packages.elasticsearch.org/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchenabled=1yum install logstash -y#创建SSL证书（在logstash服务器上生成ssl证书。创建ssl证书有两种方式，一种指定IP地址，一种指定fqdn(dns)）,选其一即可#1、IP地址在[ v3_ca ]配置段下设置上面的参数。192.168.28.131是logstash服务端的地址。vi /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfsubjectAltName = IP: 192.168.28.131cd /etc/pki/tlsopenssl req -config /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt#注意将-days设置大点，以免证书过期。#2、fqdn# 不需要修改openssl.cnf文件。cd /etc/pki/tlsopenssl req -subj '/CN=logstash.sudo.com/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crtlogstash.sudo.com是我自己测试的域名,所以无需添加logstash.sudo.com的A记录#Logstash-Config#添加GeoIP数据源#wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCity.dat.gz#gzip -d GeoLiteCity.dat.gz && mv GeoLiteCity.dat /etc/logstash/.logstash配置文件是以json格式设置参数的，配置文件位于/etc/logstash/conf.d目录下，配置包括三个部分：输入端，过滤器和输出。首先，创建一个01-lumberjack-input.conf文件，设置lumberjack输入，Logstash-Forwarder使用的协议。vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-lumberjack-input.confinput { lumberjack {   port => 5043   type => "logs"   ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"   ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" }}再来创建一个11-nginx.conf用于过滤nginx日志vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/11-nginx.conffilter { if [type] == "nginx" {   grok {     match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:clientip} - %{NOTSPACE:remote_user} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] \"(?:%{WORD:method} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: %{URIPROTO:proto}/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})\" %{NUMBER:status} (?:%{NUMBER:size}|-) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent} %{QS:xforwardedfor}" }     add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]     add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]   }   date {       match => [ "timestamp" , "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ]   }#   geoip {#        source => "clientip"#        add_tag => [ "geoip" ]#        fields => ["country_name", "country_code2","region_name", "city_name", "real_region_name", "latitude", "longitude"]#         remove_field => [ "[geoip][longitude]", "[geoip][latitude]" ]#   } }}这个过滤器会寻找被标记为"nginx"类型（Logstash-forwarder定义的）的日志，尝试使用"grok"来分析传入的nginx日志，使之结构化和可查询。type要与logstash-forwarder相匹配。同时，要注意nginx日志格式设置，我这里采用默认log_format。#负载均衡反向代理时可修改为如下格式：log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '              '$status $upstream_response_time $request_time $body_bytes_sent '            '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_body" '            '$scheme $upstream_addr';日志格式不对，grok匹配规则要重写。可以通过http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/在线工具进行调试。多数情况下ELK没数据的错误在此处。#Grok Debug -- http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/grok 匹配日志不成功，不要往下看测试。之道匹配成功对为止。可参考ttp://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/patterns#   grok匹配模式，对后面写规则匹配很受益的。最后，创建一文件，来定义输出。vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/99-lumberjack-output.confoutput {   if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] {     file { path => "/var/log/logstash/grokparsefailure-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}.log" }   }   elasticsearch {       host => "192.168.28.131"       protocol => "http"       index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"       document_type => "%{type}"       workers => 5       template_overwrite => true   }   #stdout { codec =>rubydebug }}定义结构化的日志存储到elasticsearch，对于不匹配grok的日志写入到文件。注意，后面添加的过滤器文件名要位于01-99之间。因为logstash配置文件有顺序的。在调试时候，先不将日志存入到elasticsearch，而是标准输出，以便排错。同时，多看看日志，很多错误在日志里有体现，也容易定位错误在哪。在启动logstash服务之前，最好先进行配置文件检测，如下：# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash --configtest -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/*Configuration OK也可指定文件名检测，直到OK才行。不然，logstash服务器起不起来。最后，就是启动logstash服务了。#logstash-forwarder需要将在安装logstash时候创建的ssl证书的公钥logstash.crt拷贝到每台logstash-forwarder服务器(需监控日志的server)wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpmvi /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf{ "network": {   "servers": [ "192.168.28.131:5043" ],   "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt",   "timeout": 30 }, "files": [   {       "paths": [ "/var/log/nginx/*-access.log" ],       "fields": { "type": "nginx" }   } ]}配置文件是json格式，格式不对logstash-forwarder服务是启动不起来的。后面就是启动logstash-forwarder服务了echo -e "192.168.28.131 Test1\n192.168.28.130 Test2\n192.168.28.138 Test3">>/etc/hosts  #不添加elasticsearch启动会报错(无法识别Test*)su - elkcd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2nohup ./bin/elasticsearch &（可以通过supervisord进行管理，与其他服务一同开机启动）elk:service logstash restartservice kibana restart访问http://elk.sudo.com:9200/查询启动是否成功client:service nginx start &&  service logstash-forwarder start#使用redis存储日志(队列)，创建对应的配置文件vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/redis-input.confinput { lumberjack {   port => 5043   type => "logs"   ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"   ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" }}filter { if [type] == "nginx" {   grok {     match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:clientip} - %{NOTSPACE:remote_user} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] \"(?:%{WORD:method} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: %{URIPROTO:proto}/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})\" %{NUMBER:status} (?:%{NUMBER:size}|-) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent} %{QS:xforwardedfor}" }     add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]     add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]   }   date {       match => [ "timestamp" , "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ]   }#test }}output {   ####将接收的日志放入redis消息队列####   redis {       host => "127.0.0.1"       port => 6379       data_type => "list"       key => "logstash:redis"   }}vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/redis-output.confinput {   # 读取redis   redis {       data_type => "list"       key => "logstash:redis"       host => "192.168.28.131"  #redis-server       port => 6379       #threads => 5 }}output {   elasticsearch {       host => "192.168.28.131"       protocol => "http"       index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"       document_type => "%{type}"       workers => 36       template_overwrite => true   }   #stdout { codec =>rubydebug }}# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash --configtest -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/*Configuration OK登录redis查询，可以看到日志的对应键值信息已经写入