Kafka笔记整理(三):消费形式验证与性能测试
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Kafka消费形式验证
前面的《Kafka笔记整理(一)》中有提到消费者的消费形式,说明如下:
1、每个consumer属于一个consumer group,可以指定组id。group.id2、消费形式: 组内:组内的消费者消费同一份数据;同时只能有一个consumer消费一个Topic中的1个partition; 一个consumer可以消费多个partitions中的消息。所以,对于一个topic,同一个group中推荐不能有多于 partitions个数的consumer同时消费,否则将意味着某些consumer将无法得到消息。 组间:每个消费组消费相同的数据,互不影响。3、在一个consumer多个线程的情况下,一个线程相当于一个消费者。 例如:partition为3,一个consumer起了3个线程消费,另一个后来的consumer就无法消费。
下面就来验证Kafka的消费形式,不过需要说明的是,在消费者的程序代码中,可以指定消费者的group.id(我们下面将会在配置文件中指定)。
而在使用kafka的shell命令时,其实也是可以指定配置文件来指定消费者的group.id的,如果不指定,那么kafka将会随机生成一个group.id(kafka-console-consumer.sh中的kafka.tools.ConsoleConsumer类,如果没有指定group.id,其策略是随机生成)。
在后面的程序代码中,会使用同一group.id开启4个消费的线程(因为我们创建的topic有3个partition),然后在终端中通过kafka shell来开启另外一个消费者,进而达到验证kafka消费形式的目的。
另外,在测试中使用的topic如下:
$ kafka-topics.sh --describe hadoop --zookeeper uplooking01:2181,uplooking02:2181,uplooking03:2181Topic:hadoop PartitionCount:3 ReplicationFactor:3 Configs: Topic: hadoop Partition: 0 Leader: 103 Replicas: 103,101,102 Isr: 103,101,102 Topic: hadoop Partition: 1 Leader: 101 Replicas: 101,102,103 Isr: 101,102,103 Topic: hadoop Partition: 2 Leader: 102 Replicas: 102,103,101 Isr: 102,103,101
即partition为3,副本因为也为3.
程序代码
KafkaProducerOps.java
package com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.producer;import com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.constants.Constants;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Producer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.Random;/** * 通过这个KafkaProducerOps向Kafka topic中生产相关的数据 * * Producer */public class KafkaProducerOps { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { /** * 专门加载配置文件 * 配置文件的格式: * key=value * * 在代码中要尽量减少硬编码 * 不要将代码写死,要可配置化 */ Properties properties = new Properties(); InputStream in = KafkaProducerOps.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("producer.properties"); properties.load(in); /** * 两个泛型参数 * 第一个泛型参数:指的就是kafka中一条记录key的类型 * 第二个泛型参数:指的就是kafka中一条记录value的类型 */ String[] girls = new String[]{"姚慧莹", "刘向前", "周 新", "杨柳"}; Producer producer = new KafkaProducer(properties); Random random = new Random(); int start = 1; for (int i = start; i <= start + 20; i++) { String topic = properties.getProperty(Constants.KAFKA_PRODUCER_TOPIC); String key = i + ""; String value = "今天的<--" + girls[random.nextInt(girls.length)] + "-->很美很美哦~"; ProducerRecord producerRecord = new ProducerRecord(topic, key, value); producer.send(producerRecord); } producer.close(); }}
KafkaConsumerOps.java
package com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.consumer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.Consumer;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.Collection;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.concurrent.*;/** * 从kafka topic中消费数据 */public class KafkaConsumerOps { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //线程池 ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(4); System.out.println("外部开始时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); for (int i =0; i < 4; i++){ ScheduledFuture> schedule = service.schedule( new ConsumerThread(), 5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }}class ConsumerThread implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("线程ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "线程开始时间:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); /** * 两个泛型参数 * 第一个泛型参数:指的就是kafka中一条记录key的类型 * 第二个泛型参数:指的就是kafka中一条记录value的类型 */ Properties properties = new Properties(); try { properties.load(KafkaConsumerOps.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("consumer.properties")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Consumer consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties); Collection topics = Arrays.asList("hadoop"); //消费者订阅topic consumer.subscribe(topics); ConsumerRecords consumerRecords = null; while (true) { //接下来就要从topic中拉取数据 consumerRecords = consumer.poll(1000); //遍历每一条记录 for (ConsumerRecord consumerRecord : consumerRecords) { long offset = consumerRecord.offset(); Object key = consumerRecord.key(); Object value = consumerRecord.value(); int partition = consumerRecord.partition(); System.out.println("CurrentThreadID: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "\toffset: " + offset + "\tpartition: " + partition + "\tkey: " + key + "\tvalue: " + value); } } }}
MyKafkaPartitioner.java
package com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.partitioner;import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Partitioner;import org.apache.kafka.common.Cluster;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Random;/** * 创建自定义的分区,根据数据的key来进行划分 * * 可以根据key或者value的hashCode * 还可以根据自己业务上的定义将数据分散在不同的分区中 * 需求: * 根据用户输入的key的hashCode值和partition个数求模 */public class MyKafkaPartitioner implements Partitioner { public void configure(Map configs) { } /** * 根据给定的数据设置相关的分区 * * @param topic 主题名称 * @param key key * @param keyBytes 序列化之后的key * @param value value * @param valueBytes 序列化之后的value * @param cluster 当前集群的元数据信息 */ public int partition(String topic, Object key, byte[] keyBytes, Object value, byte[] valueBytes, Cluster cluster) { Integer partitionNums = cluster.partitionCountForTopic(topic); int targetPartition = -1; if (key == null || keyBytes == null) { targetPartition = new Random().nextInt(10000) % partitionNums; } else { int hashCode = key.hashCode(); targetPartition = hashCode % partitionNums; System.out.println("key: " + key + ", value: " + value + ", hashCode: " + hashCode + ", partition: " + targetPartition); } return targetPartition; } public void close() { }}
Constants.java
package com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.constants;public interface Constants { /** * 生产的key对应的常量 */ String KAFKA_PRODUCER_TOPIC = "producer.topic";}
producer.properties
############################# Producer Basics ############################## list of brokers used for bootstrapping knowledge about the rest of the cluster# format: host1:port1,host2:port2 ...bootstrap.servers=uplooking01:9092,uplooking02:9092,uplooking03:9092# specify the compression codec for all data generated: none, gzip, snappy, lz4compression.type=none# name of the partitioner class for partitioning events; default partition spreads data randomlypartitioner.class=com.uplooking.bigdata.kafka.partitioner.MyKafkaPartitioner# the maximum amount of time the client will wait for the response of a request#request.timeout.ms=# how long `KafkaProducer.send` and `KafkaProducer.partitionsFor` will block for#max.block.ms=# the producer will wait for up to the given delay to allow other records to be sent so that the sends can be batched together#linger.ms=# the maximum size of a request in bytes#max.request.size=# the default batch size in bytes when batching multiple records sent to a partition#batch.size=# the total bytes of memory the producer can use to buffer records waiting to be sent to the server#buffer.memory=#####设置自定义的topicproducer.topic=hadoopkey.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializervalue.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
consumer.properties
# Zookeeper connection string# comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002"zookeeper.connect= uplooking01:2181,uplooking02:2181,uplooking03:2181bootstrap.servers=uplooking01:9092,uplooking02:9092,uplooking03:9092# timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeperzookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000#consumer group idgroup.id=test-consumer-group#consumer timeout#consumer.timeout.ms=5000key.deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializervalue.deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
pom.xml
主要是kafka-clients的依赖:
org.apache.kafka kafka-clients 0.10.0.1
测试
先在终端启动一个消费者,注意由于没有指定配置文件,所以其group.id是随机生成的:
$ kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic hadoop --zookeeper uplooking01:2181,uplooking02:2181,uplooking03:2181
接下来分别执行消费者的代码和生产者的代码,然后观察各个终端的输出。
生产者程序的终端输出如下:
key: 1, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 49, partition: 1key: 2, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 50, partition: 2key: 3, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 51, partition: 0key: 4, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 52, partition: 1key: 5, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 53, partition: 2key: 6, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 54, partition: 0key: 7, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 55, partition: 1key: 8, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 56, partition: 2key: 9, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 57, partition: 0key: 10, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1567, partition: 1key: 11, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1568, partition: 2key: 12, value: 今天的<--周 新-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1569, partition: 0key: 13, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1570, partition: 1key: 14, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1571, partition: 2key: 15, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1572, partition: 0key: 16, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1573, partition: 1key: 17, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1574, partition: 2key: 18, value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1575, partition: 0key: 19, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1576, partition: 1key: 20, value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1598, partition: 2key: 21, value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~, hashCode: 1599, partition: 0
消费者程序的终端输出如下:
外部开始时间:1521991118178线程ID:20线程开始时间:1521991123182线程ID:21线程开始时间:1521991123182线程ID:23线程开始时间:1521991123182线程ID:22线程开始时间:1521991123182CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 78 partition: 1 key: 1 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 79 partition: 1 key: 4 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 80 partition: 1 key: 7 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 81 partition: 1 key: 10 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 82 partition: 1 key: 13 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 81 partition: 0 key: 3 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 82 partition: 0 key: 6 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 83 partition: 0 key: 9 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 84 partition: 0 key: 12 value: 今天的<--周 新-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 85 partition: 0 key: 15 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 86 partition: 0 key: 18 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 83 partition: 1 key: 16 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 23 offset: 87 partition: 0 key: 21 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 78 partition: 2 key: 2 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 22 offset: 84 partition: 1 key: 19 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 79 partition: 2 key: 5 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 80 partition: 2 key: 8 value: 今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 81 partition: 2 key: 11 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 82 partition: 2 key: 14 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 83 partition: 2 key: 17 value: 今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~CurrentThreadID: 21 offset: 84 partition: 2 key: 20 value: 今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~
消费者shell的终端输出如下:
$ kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic hadoop --zookeeper uplooking01:2181,uplooking02:2181,uplooking03:2181今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--周 新-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~今天的<--姚慧莹-->很美很美哦~今天的<--刘向前-->很美很美哦~今天的<--杨柳-->很美很美哦~
分析
因为使用kafka shell的消费者的group.id是随机生成的,所以其肯定可以消费到topic下partition的消息,这是属于组间的消费。
而由于在消费者的程序代码中,4个线程都是使用同一个group.id的(都是使用consumer.properties这个配置文件),按照理论知识的理解,因为topic hadoop只有3个partition,所以只能有3个线程即3个consumer进行消息的消费,而观察输出,通过线程ID,发现确实只有三个线程消费了topic中的消息,这也验证了kafka组内消息的消费形式。
Kafka性能测试
参考文档:https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Performance+testing
生产能力测试
在kafka的安装目录的bin里有性能的评估工具bin/kafka-producer-perf-test.sh
,主要输出4项指标,总共发送消息量(以MB为单位),每秒发送消息量(MB/second),发送消息总数,每秒发送消息数(records/second)。
测试如下:
[uplooking@uplooking01 ~]$ kafka-producer-perf-test.sh --topic flume-kafka --num-records 1000000 --producer-props bootstrap.servers=uplooking01:9092,uplooking02:9092,uplooking03:9092 --throughput 10000 --record-size 10049972 records sent, 9994.4 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 3.1 ms avg latency, 258.0 max latency.50200 records sent, 10040.0 records/sec (0.96 MB/sec), 2.4 ms avg latency, 141.0 max latency.50020 records sent, 10004.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.2 ms avg latency, 19.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10000.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 2.3 ms avg latency, 127.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.3 ms avg latency, 24.0 max latency.50020 records sent, 10004.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 2.4 ms avg latency, 186.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 15.1 ms avg latency, 466.0 max latency.50020 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 11.1 ms avg latency, 405.0 max latency.50000 records sent, 10000.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.2 ms avg latency, 19.0 max latency.50030 records sent, 10004.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.2 ms avg latency, 20.0 max latency.50000 records sent, 10000.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.2 ms avg latency, 30.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.3 ms avg latency, 19.0 max latency.49990 records sent, 9998.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.4 ms avg latency, 49.0 max latency.50033 records sent, 10006.6 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 37.9 ms avg latency, 617.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.5 ms avg latency, 74.0 max latency.50007 records sent, 10001.4 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.3 ms avg latency, 19.0 max latency.50000 records sent, 10000.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.8 ms avg latency, 132.0 max latency.50010 records sent, 10002.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.2 ms avg latency, 15.0 max latency.50020 records sent, 10000.0 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 1.9 ms avg latency, 121.0 max latency.1000000 records sent, 9999.200064 records/sec (0.95 MB/sec), 4.96 ms avg latency, 617.00 ms max latency, 1 ms 50th, 3 ms 95th, 105 ms 99th, 541 ms 99.9th.
参数说明如下:
--num-records 1000000 总共生产的消息数量--throughput 10000 每秒需要生产的消息数量--record-size 100 每条消息的大小,单位为字节
消费能力测试
[uplooking@uplooking01 ~]$ kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh --topic flume-kafka --messages 1000000 --broker-list uplooking01:9092,uplooking02:9092,uplooking03:9092 --threads 3 --zookeeper uplooking01:2181,uplooking02:2181,uplooking03:2181start.time, end.time, data.consumed.in.MB, MB.sec, data.consumed.in.nMsg, nMsg.sec2018-03-26 05:17:21:185, 2018-03-26 05:17:22:458, 97.3055, 76.4380, 1020325, 801512.1760
上面的测试为需要消费一百万条消息,输出的参数说明如下:
开始时间 结束时间 消费消息总大小 每秒消费大小 消费消息总条数 每秒消费条数start.time, end.time, data.consumed.in.MB, MB.sec, data.consumed.in.nMsg, nMsg.sec2018-03-26 05:17:21:185, 2018-03-26 05:17:22:458, 97.3055, 76.4380, 1020325, 801512.1760