千家信息网

Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写

发表于:2024-11-19 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月19日,这篇文章主要介绍Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!Nginx的rewrite功能支持正则匹配重写,即将URL地址临时或
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月19日Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写

这篇文章主要介绍Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!

Nginx的rewrite功能支持正则匹配重写,即将URL地址临时或永久重新指向某个新的位置,类似于重定向。这个特性有利用当网站结构做出重大调整,如之前的网站mp3资源使用URL为www.site1.org/mp3进行访问,而现在服务器上mp3目录已经被使用music目录替换,那rewrite这个功能则能够轻松实现。其次如可以将site1.org强制调整到www.site1.org,反之亦可。这个指令位于ngx_http_rewrite_module模块。

一、rewrite指令语法描述

句法: rewrite regex replacement [flag];
默认: -
语境: server,location,if

如果指定的正则表达式与请求URI匹配,则URI将按照replacement字符串中的指定进行更改。
该rewrite指令在其在配置文件中出现的顺序顺序地执行。可以使用标志终止对伪指令的进一步处理。
如果替换字符串以" http://"," https://"或" $scheme" 开头,则处理停止,并将重定向返回给客户端。

flag标志的作用是用于控制当匹配到对应的rewrite规则后是否继续检查后续的rewrite规则
可选flag参数可以是以下之一:

last
一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止检查后续的其它rewrite的规则,而后通过重写后的规则重新发起请求;

break
一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止后续的其它rewrite的规则,而后继续由nginx进行后续操作;

redirect
如果替换字符串不以" http://"," https://"或" $scheme" 开头,则使用,返回302临时重定向;

permanent
返回301永久重定向;

注意:一般将rewrite写在location中时都使用break标志,或者将rewrite写在if上下文中;

其他指令

rewrite_log on|off
是否把重写过程记录在错误日志中;默认为notice级别;默认为off;

return code:
用于结束rewrite规则,并且为客户返回状态码;可以使用的状态码有204, 400, 402-406, 500-504等;

二、基于location上下文rewrite功能演示

本机环境 # more /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) # nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2配置nginx # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf server {  listen 80;  server_name site1.orag www.site1.org;  location / {    root /www/site1.org;    index index.html index.htm;  } } # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/images # echo "This is a rewrite test page.">/www/site1.org/index.html # cp /usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/*.jpg /www/site1.org/images/ # vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.175 site1.org 192.168.1.175 www.site1.org # curl http://www.site1.org This is a rewrite test page. # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:47:58 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes修改rewrite.conf文件,添加rewrite指令 location / {  root /www/site1.org;  index index.html index.htm;  rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; } # systemctl reload nginx # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:02:38 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 169 Connection: keep-alive # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/imgs # mv /www/site1.org/images/Waves.jpg /www/site1.org/imgs/. # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:05:07 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52725 ##这种方式可以访问 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:06:17 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes模拟rewrite导致的http 500错误再次对rewrite.conf文件做如下修改, location / {  root /www/site1.org;  index index.html index.htm;  rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last;  rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ; } # systemctl restart nginx # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52725 HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:16 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close # curl -I https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/115/52724 HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:28 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close通过上述的测试可知,出现了死循环导致的500错误。Nginx官方给出的参考样例: server {  ... ##rewrite指令位于server上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last; ##将/download目录中包含media目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last; ##将/download目录中包含audio目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 return 403;  ... } location /download/ { ##rewrite指令位于location上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; ##该last标志应该被替换 break,否则nginx将使10个周期返回500个错误 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break; return 403; }

三、基于if条件判断rewrite功能演示

 # vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf  server {    listen 80;    server_name site1.orag www.site1.org;   if ($host != 'www.site1.org' ) {     rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.site1.org/$1 permanent;    }  location / { ##Author : Leshami    root /www/site1.org; ##Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami    index index.html index.htm;    rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last;    rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ;  } } # systemctl reload nginx.service本地测试(修改本地host文件) # curl http://site1.org  ##返回301状态码 301 Moved Permanently  

301 Moved Permanently


nginx/1.12.2
Windows环境测试通过修改Windows机器Host文件后,添加如下条目 192.168.1.175 centos7-router.com 192.168.1.175 www.centos7-router.com打开浏览器,通过域名的方式进行访问http://site1.org会自动跳转到http://www.site1.org(演示略)

四、将http重写至https

在非全站https时,对于有些敏感的数据需有走https,那也可以通过rewrite方式实现

如下示例,假定https://www.site1.org/user目录下包含敏感信息,按可按如下方式rewrite

 location ^~ /user { rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri? permanent; }全站https server {  listen 80;  server_name site1.orag www.site1.org;  access_log /var/log/nginx/http-access.log;  error_log /var/log/nginx/http-error.log;  rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri; }

以上是"Nginx中如何实现rewrite正则匹配重写"这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!希望分享的内容对大家有帮助,更多相关知识,欢迎关注行业资讯频道!

0