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高速缓存dns

发表于：2024-11-11 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月11日，第三单元高速缓存dns一 dns1 权威名称服务器存储并提供某区域 ( 整个 DNS 域或 DNS 域的一部分 ) 的实际数据。权威名称服务器的类型包括Master : 包含原始区域数据。有时称作 "

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月11日高速缓存dns

第三单元

高速缓存dns

一 dns

1 权威名称服务器

存储并提供某区域 ( 整个 DNS 域或 DNS 域的一部分 ) 的实际数据。权威名称服

务器的类型包括

Master : 包含原始区域数据。有时称作 " 主要 " 名称服务器

Slave : 备份服务器 , 通过区域传送从 Master 服务器获得的区域数据的副本。有时称作 " 次要 "名称服务器

2 非权威/递归名称服务器

客户端通过其查找来自权威名称服务器的数据

3 DNS 查找

二 DNS 资源记录

DNS 区域采用资源记录的形式存储信息。每条资源记录均具有一个类型 , 表明其保留的数据类型：

A : 名称至 IPv4 地址

AAAA : 名称至 IPv6 地址

CNAME : 名称至 " 规范名称 " ( 包含 A/AAAA 记录的另一个名称 )

PTR : IPv4/IPv6 地址至名称

MX : 用于名称的邮件交换器 ( 向何处发送其电子邮件 )

NS : 域名的名称服务器

SOA :" 授权起始 " , DNS 区域的信息 ( 管理信息 )

三 DNS 排错

它显示来自 DNS 查找的详细信息 , 其中包括为什么查询失败 :

NOERROR : 查询成功

NXDOMAIN : DNS 服务器提示不存在这样的名称

SERVFAIL : DNS 服务器停机或 DNSSEC 响应验证失败

REFUSED : DNS 服务器拒绝回答 ( 也许是出于访问控制原因 )

四缓存dns服务器

服务端：

1 yum install bind.x86_64 -y ###安装dns###

2 systemctl stop firewalld.service ###关闭防火墙###

3 systemctl start named ###开启服务，若是许久没有开启可能是字符不够，在虚拟机上随便输入几个字符####

4 vim /etc/named.conf ###编辑主配置文件###

修改其中几行为：

listen-on port 53 { any; }; ###回环接口不与外界交互，改成any###

allow-query { any; }; ###允许任何人连###

forwarders {172.25.254.250;}; ####如果高速缓存dns找不到就到172.25.254.250（权威名称服务器）找####

5 systemctl restart named ###重启服务###

客户端：

1 vim /etc/resolv.conf ###在里面指明dns服务器###

2 测试：dig www.baidu.com ###dig指出关于查询和答案的信息###

过程如下：

[root@localhost ~]# yum search dns

[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind.x86_64 -y

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rndc.key ###在没有开启named服务的时候，该文件不存在#####

ls: cannot access /etc/rndc.key: No such file or directory

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named ###开启服务，若是许久没有开启可能是字符不够，在虚拟机上随便输入几个字符####

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rndc.key

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 77 May 5 22:13 /etc/rndc.key

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart named ###重启服务###

客户端：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf ###在里面指明dns服务器###

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.baidu.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.baidu.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47262 ###NOERROR表示查询成功#######

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION: #####要查询什么####

;www.baidu.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION: ####响应######

www.baidu.com.376INCNAMEwww.a.shifen.com. ###CNAME : 名称至 " 规范名称 "####

www.a.shifen.com.300INA183.232.231.172 ###A : 名称至 IPv4 地址####

www.a.shifen.com.300INA183.232.231.173

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

.513219INNSk.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSc.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSa.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSg.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSi.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSh.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSm.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSe.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSf.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSb.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSl.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSd.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSj.root-servers.net.

;; Query time: 349 msec ####指出发送查询的递归名称服务器以及获得响应所花费的时间###

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 22:17:05 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 312

五编写A记录文件

服务端：

1 vim /etc/named.conf

2 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

3 cd /var/named/

4 cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone ####用模板生成A记录配置文件，一定要-p，不然可能会出现权限错误#####

5 vim westos.com.zone ###编写A记录文件####

6 systemctl restart named ####重启服务###

客户端：

1 vim /etc/resolv.conf

2 测试： dig www.westos.com

过程如下：

服务端：

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

options {

listen-on port 53 { any; };

listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

allow-query { any; };

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "westos.com" IN { ###指定要维护的域名###

type master;

file "westos.com.zone"; ###指定A记录文件名###

allow-update { none; };

};

[root@server ~]# cd /var/named/

[root@server named]# ll

total 20

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 22 May 5 22:13 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 30 May 5 23:30 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 2076 Jan 28 2013 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Dec 15 2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Jun 21 2007 named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 Dec 15 2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 Jan 29 2014 slaves

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 349 May 5 23:29 westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# vim westos.com.zone ###编写A记录文件####

$TTL 1D ###指缓存一天###

@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.westos.com. ###指定dns主机###

dns A 172.25.254.112 ###指定dns主机的A记录###

www A 172.25.254.212 ###要添加的A记录###

###第一个@符指zone"..."双引号的内容，此处指westo.com;dns.westos.com.指dns服务器的名称，结尾.不能少，不然会自动补齐@符的内容###

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

客户端：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 172.25.254.112

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29432

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.212

;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ####负责域(区域)的名称服务器###

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ###提供的其他信息 , 通常是关于名称服务器#####

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:14:27 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93

六在A记录文件中添加CNAME和MX

服务端：

vim /var/named/westos.com.zone ###编辑A记录文件###

systemctl restart named ###重启服务###

客户端：

测试：dig music.westos.com

dig -t mx westos.com

过程如下：

服务器：

[root@server ~]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.westos.com.

dns A 172.25.254.112

www A 172.25.254.212

music CNAME music.a.westos.com.

music.a A 172.25.254.111

music.a A 172.25.254.222

westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.100.

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart named

[root@server ~]#

客户端:

[root@localhost ~]# dig music.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> music.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14025

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;music.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

music.westos.com.86400INCNAMEmusic.a.westos.com.

music.a.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.111

music.a.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.222

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:30:33 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 133

[root@localhost ~]# dig -t mx westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -t mx westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33372

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;westos.com.INMX

;; ANSWER SECTION:

westos.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.100.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:30:46 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 103

七不同的网段使用不同的dns

服务端：

1 cp /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inter -p

2 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inter

3 cp /var/named/westos.com.zone /var/named/westos.com.inter -p

4 vim /var/named/westos.com.inter

5 vim /etc/named.conf

6 systemctl restart named

客户端：

测试：dig www.westos.com ###ip为172.25.254.212的客户端####

dig www.westos.com ###ip为172.25.12.101的客户端###

过程如下：

[root@server ~]# cp /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inter -p

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inter

zone "westos.com" IN {

type master;

file "westos.com.inter";

allow-update { none; };

};

[root@server ~]# cp /var/named/westos.com.zone /var/named/westos.com.inter -p

[root@server ~]# vim /var/named/westos.com.inter

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.westos.com.

dns A 172.25.12.112

www A 172.25.12.212

music CNAME music.a.westos.com.

music.a A 172.25.12.111

music.a A 172.25.12.222

westos.com. MX 1 172.25.12.100.

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart named

客户端：

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com ###ip为172.25.254.212的客户端####

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20946

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.212

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 02:31:35 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf ###ip为172.25.12.101的客户端###

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 172.25.12.100

# No nameservers found; try putting DNS servers into your

# ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so:

# DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51552

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.12.212

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.12.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.12.100#53(172.25.12.100)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 02:40:07 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93

八反向解析

服务端：

1 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

2 cd /var/named/

3 cp -p named.loopback /var/named/westos.comNaNr

4 vim /var/named/westos.comNaNr

5 systemctl restart named

客户端：

测试：dig -x 172.25.254.111

过程如下：

服务端：

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "254.25.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { ###将dns服务器所在网段反着写####

type master;

file "westos.comNaNr";

allow-update { none; };

};

[root@server ~]# cd /var/named/

[root@server named]# ll

total 28

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 22 May 5 22:13 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 May 6 03:07 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 2076 Jan 28 2013 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Dec 15 2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Jun 21 2007 named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 Dec 15 2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 6 Jan 29 2014 slaves

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 344 May 6 01:57 westos.com.inter

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 349 May 5 23:29 westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# cp -p named.loopback /var/named/westos.comNaNr

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.comNaNr

[root@server named]# systemctl restart namede

客户端：

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.111

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.111

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34839

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;111.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:

111.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRwww.westos.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:27:08 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 118

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.222

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.222

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14617

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:

222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRbbs.westos.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 1 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:30:35 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 118

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.222

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.222

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17706

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:

222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRbbs.westos.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:30:39 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 118

九更新dns

服务端：

1 cp -p /var/named/westos.com.zone /mnt/

2 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "westos.com" IN {

type master;

file "westos.com.zone";

allow-update { 172.25.254.212; }; ###允许谁去更新###

};

3 systemctl restart named

4 chmod 770 /var/named/

5 setsebool -P named_write_master_zones 1

客户端：

测试：

1 nsupdate ###添加###

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.222

> send

2 dig hello.westos.com ###查看###

3 nsupdate ###删除####

> server 172.25.254.112

> update delete hello.westos.com

> send

过程如下：

服务端：

[root@server named]# cp -p /var/named/westos.com.zone /mnt/

[root@server named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "westos.com" IN {

type master;

file "westos.com.zone";

allow-update { 172.25.254.212; };

};

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

[root@server named]# chmod 770 /var/named/

[root@server named]# setsebool -P named_write_master_zones 1

客户端：

[root@localhost ~]# nsupdate

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.222

> send

> ^C[root@localhost ~]# dig hello.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> hello.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12735

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;hello.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

hello.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.222

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 04:05:37 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 95

###但重启服务时，westos.com.zone文件内容就变了，与缓存文件westos.com.zone.jnl同步####

恢复westos.com.zone文件：

cd /var/named

rm -fr westos.com.zone westos.com.zone.jnl ###将缓存文件和变了的文件删除###

cp -p /mnt/westos.com.zone . ###将之前的文件复制过来###

过程如下：

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

######改变后的文件内容####

$ORIGIN .

$TTL 86400 ; 1 day

westos.com IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

1 ; serial

86400 ; refresh (1 day)

3600 ; retry (1 hour)

604800 ; expire (1 week)

10800 ; minimum (3 hours)

)

NS dns.westos.com.

MX 1 172.25.254.100.

$ORIGIN westos.com.

music.a A 172.25.254.111

A 172.25.254.222

dns A 172.25.254.112

hello A 172.25.254.222

music CNAME music.a

www A 172.25.254.212

[root@server named]# ls

data named.empty slaves westos.com.zone

dynamic named.localhost westos.com.inter westos.com.zone.jnl

named.ca named.loopback westos.comNaNr

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# rm -fr westos.com.zone westos.com.zone.jnl ###将缓存文件和变了的文件删除###

[root@server named]# cp -p /mnt/westos.com.zone . ###将之前的文件复制过来###

[root@server named]# ls

data named.empty slaves westos.com.zone

dynamic named.localhost westos.com.inter

named.ca named.loopback westos.comNaNr

十配置钥匙

服务器：

1 dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 256 -n HOST westoskey ###产生钥匙，-a指加密方式，-b 指加密字符长度，-n指加密用途，HOST指域名解析,westoskey为钥匙名称###

2 cat Kwestoskey.+157+22331.key

3 cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/westos.key ###利用模版要制作配置文件###

4 vim /etc/westos.key

5 vim /etc/named.conf

6 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

7 scp Kwestoskey.+157+23921.* root@172.25.254.212:/mnt/ ###把钥匙传给客户端###

客户端：

测试：

nsupdate -k Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.111

> send

> quit

[root@localhost mnt]# dig hello.westos.com

过程如下：

服务端：

[root@server named]# dnssec-keygen --help

dnssec-keygen: invalid argument --

Usage:

dnssec-keygen [options] name

Version: 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7

name: owner of the key

Options:

-K : write keys into directory

-a :

RSASHA256 | RSASHA512 | ECCGOST |

ECDSAP256SHA256 | ECDSAP384SHA384 |

HMAC-SHA384 | HMAC-SHA512

(default: RSASHA1, or NSEC3RSASHA1 if using -3)

-3: use NSEC3-capable algorithm

-b :

RSAMD5:[512..4096]

RSASHA1:[512..4096]

NSEC3RSASHA1:[512..4096]

RSASHA256:[512..4096]

RSASHA512:[1024..4096]

DH:[128..4096]

DSA:[512..1024] and divisible by 64

NSEC3DSA:[512..1024] and divisible by 64

ECCGOST:ignored

ECDSAP256SHA256:ignored

ECDSAP384SHA384:ignored

HMAC-MD5:[1..512]

HMAC-SHA1:[1..160]

HMAC-SHA224:[1..224]

HMAC-SHA256:[1..256]

HMAC-SHA384:[1..384]

HMAC-SHA512:[1..512]

(if using the default algorithm, key size

defaults to 2048 for KSK, or 1024 for all others)

-n : ZONE | HOST | ENTITY | USER | OTHER

(DNSKEY generation defaults to ZONE)

-c : (default: IN)

-d (0 => max, default)

-E :

name of an OpenSSL engine to use

-f : KSK | REVOKE

-g : use specified generator (DH only)

-L : default key TTL

-p : (default: 3 [dnssec])

-r : a file containing random data

-s : strength value this key signs DNS records with (default: 0)

-T : DNSKEY | KEY (default: DNSKEY; use KEY for SIG(0))

-t : AUTHCONF | NOAUTHCONF | NOAUTH | NOCONF (default: AUTHCONF)

-h: print usage and exit

-m :

usage | trace | record | size | mctx

-v : set verbosity level (0 - 10)

Timing options:

-P date/[+-]offset/none: set key publication date (default: now)

-A date/[+-]offset/none: set key activation date (default: now)

-R date/[+-]offset/none: set key revocation date

-I date/[+-]offset/none: set key inactivation date

-D date/[+-]offset/none: set key deletion date

-G: generate key only; do not set -P or -A

-C: generate a backward-compatible key, omitting all dates

-S : generate a successor to an existing key

-i : prepublication interval for successor key (default: 30 days)

Output:

K++.key, K++.private

[root@server named]# cd /mnt/

[root@server mnt]# dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST westoskey

Kwestoskey.+157+23921

[root@server mnt]# ls

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private westos.com.zone

[root@server mnt]# cat Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key

westoskey. IN KEY 512 3 157 Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==

[root@server mnt]# cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/westos.key

[1]+ Stopped vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# fg

vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/westos.key

[1]+ Stopped vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# fg

vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.conf

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart named

[root@server mnt]# scp Kwestoskey.+157+23921.* root@172.25.254.212:/mnt/

The authenticity of host '172.25.254.212 (172.25.254.212)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.212' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@172.25.254.212's password:

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key 100% 53 0.1KB/s 00:00

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private 100% 165 0.2KB/s 00:00

####把钥匙传给客户端###

客户端：

[root@localhost mnt]# nsupdate -k Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.111

> send

> quit

[root@localhost mnt]# dig hello.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> hello.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33993

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;hello.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

hello.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.111

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sun May 07 21:14:53 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 95

十一 dhcp更新dns

服务端：

1 yum install dhcp -y ###安装dhcp###

2 cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ##利用模版制作dhcp配置文件###

3 vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

内容：

6 option domain-name "westos.com"; ###域名###

7 option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.112; ###dns###

9 default-lease-time 600;

10 max-lease-time 7200;

11 ddns-update-style interim; ###开启dhcp上传数据功能###

12 log-facility local7;

13 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

14 range 172.25.254.180 172.25.254.190; ##分配ip的范围###

15 option routers 172.25.254.250; ###网关####

16 }

17 key westoskey {

18 algorithm hmac-md5;

19 secret Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==;

20 };

21 zone westos.com. {

22 primary 127.0.0.1; ###dns，因为现在dns和dhcp在一台主机上，故用回环接口会提高效率####

23 key westoskey;

24 }

4 systemctl restart dhcpd

5 vim /etc/named.conf

6 systemctl restart named

客户端：

测试：

1 vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

2 hostnamectl set-hostname helo.westos.com

3 vim /etc/resolv.conf

4 dig www.westos.com

过程如下：

服务端：

[root@server ~]# yum install dhcp -y

[root@server ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

cp: overwrite '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'? y

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@server ~]# cd /mnt/

[root@server mnt]# ls

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private westos.com.zone

[root@server mnt]# cat Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key

westoskey. IN KEY 512 3 157 Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart dhcpd

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.conf

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart named

客户端：

[root@test ~]# hostname

test.westos.com

[root@test ~]# dig test.westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> test.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4253

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;test.westos.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

test.westos.com.300INA172.25.254.180

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sun May 07 22:31:20 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 94

很赞哦！

服务名称客户客户端服务器文件过程测试缓存信息区域数据查询内容字符权威钥匙配置地址域名数据库的安全要保护哪些东西数据库安全各自的含义是什么生产安全数据库录入数据库的安全性及管理数据库安全策略包含哪些海淀数据库安全审计系统建立农村房屋安全信息数据库易用的数据库客户端支持安全管理连接数据库失败ssl安全错误数据库的锁怎样保障安全 32位安装数据库引擎软件开发人员赚钱方式电信服务器租用价格网络技术DES 普陀区电商软件开发厂家代理价格服务器运维工作累不累服务器如何主动推送虹口区网络技术服务信息推荐软件开发方法适用场景网络安全工程师具体工作梦回传奇世界服务器端什么是网络安全其特征有四川大学网络安全奖学金企业如何做好服务器安全 geo数据库怎么挖湖南省专科软件开发未落实网络安全技术保护措施液晶电视软件开发工具网络安全规则与自由申论通信软件可以不通过服务器吗 linux服务器推荐怎样租国外服务器德国软件开发前景电力驱动软件开发警惕网络安全讨论心得体会三维模拟软件开发需求湖南省专科软件开发宝坻区智能软件开发服务咨询报价奇迹私服服务器刷不出来 sonar检查数据库连接

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