基于Pygame如何实现简单的贪吃蛇游戏

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导入相关的包

import pygame, sys, randomfrom pygame.locals import *

设置屏幕大小以及基本参数

设置屏幕大小为400*400，mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()用来设置时间同步，不会根据计算机的运行来决定运行多少次， mainClock.tick(1) 一秒只会运行一次，设置了屏幕的底色为白色。

# 定义屏幕的宽高WIDTH = 400HEIGHT = 400# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题surface = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT), 0, 32)pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')pygame.init()mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()# 定义使用的颜色BLACK = (0, 0, 0)GREEN = (0, 255, 0)WHITE = (255, 255, 255)while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            pygame.quit()            sys.exit()    surface.fill(WHITE)    pygame.display.update()    mainClock.tick(1)

设置贪吃蛇的位置，以及移动的大小

这里设置了贪吃蛇的长度和起始位置，和食物和蛇的宽度，这里必须设置为可以被食物和蛇的宽度整除的数，这样才能保证蛇能到任意的位置

# 设置蛇的初始长度snakeWidth = 4# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）snakeX = 40snakeY = 40# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8FOODSNAKEWIDTH = 8# 定义四个方向moveLeft = FalsemoveRight = FalsemoveUp = FalsemoveDown = False# 定义初始的方向moveRight = Truedef getSnake():    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表    snake = []    for i in range(snakeWidth):        snake.append(pygame.Rect(snakeX + i * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, snakeY, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))    return snake# 贪吃蛇snake = getSnake()

绘制蛇

surface.fill(WHITE)for s in snake:    pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, s)

让蛇动起来

这里将蛇列表最后一位移除，然后将第一位的位置根据方向加减坐标

snake.pop()    newTop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])    # 改变蛇的位置    if moveRight:        newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveLeft:        newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveUp:        newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveDown:        newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH    snake.insert(0, newTop)

这样会有一个问题，如果超出屏幕呢，我们将超出屏幕，那么就会消失，我们只需要你移动第一个元素的时候，如果超出则将元素移动另一个位置。

# 改变蛇的位置    if moveRight:        if newTop.right == WIDTH:            newTop.left = 0        else:            newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveLeft:        if newTop.left == 0:            newTop.right == WIDTH        else:            newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveUp:        if newTop.top == 0:            newTop.bottom = HEIGHT        else:            newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if moveDown:        if newTop.bottom == HEIGHT:            newTop.top = 0        else:            newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH

实现贪吃蛇拐弯

为了实现对应的功能，我们将方向变量改为一个变量，这样我们方便修改方向

# 定义四个方向# moveLeft moveRight moveUp moveDown# 定义初始的方向snakeDirection = "moveRight"  ----  省略的代码  ----    for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            pygame.quit()            sys.exit()        if event.type == KEYDOWN:            if event.key == K_LEFT:                if snakeDirection == "moveRight":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveLeft"            if event.key == K_RIGHT:                if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveRight"            if event.key == K_UP:                if snakeDirection == "moveDown":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveUp"            if event.key == K_DOWN:                if snakeDirection == "moveUp":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveDown"

为了方便看到效果，我将mainClock.tick(1) 设置为mainClock.tick(3)

实现随机食物

这里用了很啰嗦的代码，我自己也看不下去，有点含糊，这里为了简单只设计了一个食物，遍历屏幕上不是贪吃蛇的可以放食物的集合，然后随机生成一个食物。

if len(foods) < foodnum:        canFoodColl = []        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合        for x in range(sizeNum):            for y in range(sizeNum):                foodExist = True                for sn in snake:                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:                        foodExist = False                        break                if foodExist:                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'], f['y'], FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))

吃食物

这里用 colliderect判断二者是否相撞，然后食物集合置空，不减去贪吃蛇集合的最后一个元素。

if len(foods) < foodnum:        canFoodColl = []        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合        for x in range(sizeNum):            for y in range(sizeNum):                foodExist = True                for sn in snake:                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:                        foodExist = False                        break                if foodExist:                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, f['y'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))        print(f['x'])        print(f['y'])    else:        if newTop.colliderect(foods[0]):            foods = []            eatFlg = True        print('xxx')

完整代码

import pygame, sys, randomfrom pygame.locals import *import copy# 定义屏幕的宽高WIDTH = 400HEIGHT = 400# 初始化屏幕 设置窗口标题surface = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT), 0, 32)pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')pygame.init()mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()# 定义使用的颜色BLACK = (0, 0, 0)GREEN = (0, 255, 0)WHITE = (255, 255, 255)# 设置蛇的初始长度snakeWidth = 4# 设置蛇的起始位置为（40，40）snakeX = 40snakeY = 40# 食物和蛇的宽度设置为8FOODSNAKEWIDTH = 8# 定义四个方向# moveLeft moveRight moveUp moveDown# 定义初始的方向snakeDirection = "moveRight"# 食物区间foods = []# 用去宽度处以对应的 大小，减去1 就是食物矩形起点可以存在的区间#sizeNum = HEIGHT / FOODSNAKEWIDTH - 1# 这里为了减少计算sizeNum = 39# 为了简单我们只设置一个食物foodnum = 1def getSnake():    # 设置蛇的初始长度为4,并设置蛇的初始位置为(40,40)    # 因为贪吃蛇会拐弯，所以将蛇设置为一个列表    snake = []    for i in range(snakeWidth):        snake.append(pygame.Rect(snakeX + i * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, snakeY, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))    return snake# 贪吃蛇snake = getSnake()while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            pygame.quit()            sys.exit()        if event.type == KEYDOWN:            if event.key == K_LEFT:                if snakeDirection == "moveRight":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveLeft"            if event.key == K_RIGHT:                if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveRight"            if event.key == K_UP:                if snakeDirection == "moveDown":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveUp"            if event.key == K_DOWN:                if snakeDirection == "moveUp":                    snake.reverse()                snakeDirection = "moveDown"    surface.fill(WHITE)    for s in snake:        pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, s)    for f in foods:        pygame.draw.rect(surface, GREEN, f)    pygame.display.update()    # 是否吃了食物    eatFlg = False    newTop = copy.deepcopy(snake[0])    # 改变蛇的位置    if snakeDirection == "moveRight":        if newTop.right == WIDTH:            newTop.left = 0        else:            newTop.left += FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if snakeDirection == "moveLeft":        if newTop.left == 0:            newTop.right = WIDTH        else:            newTop.left -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if snakeDirection == "moveUp":        if newTop.top == 0:            newTop.bottom = HEIGHT        else:            newTop.top -= FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if snakeDirection == "moveDown":        if newTop.bottom == HEIGHT:            newTop.top = 0        else:            newTop.top += FOODSNAKEWIDTH    if len(foods) < foodnum:        canFoodColl = []        # 获取当前不是贪吃蛇的位置集合        for x in range(sizeNum):            for y in range(sizeNum):                foodExist = True                for sn in snake:                    if x * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.left and y * FOODSNAKEWIDTH == sn.top:                        foodExist = False                        break                if foodExist:                    canFoodColl.append({'x': x, 'y': y})        f = canFoodColl[random.randint(0, len(canFoodColl))]        foods.append(pygame.Rect(f['x'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, f['y'] * FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH, FOODSNAKEWIDTH))        print(f['x'])        print(f['y'])    else:        if newTop.colliderect(foods[0]):            foods = []            eatFlg = True        print('xxx')    snake.insert(0, newTop)    if not eatFlg:        snake.pop()    mainClock.tick(3)

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