mysql视图之管理视图实例详解【增删改查操作】
本文实例讲述了mysql视图之管理视图操作。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
mysql提供了用于显示视图定义的SHOW CREATE VIEW语句,我们来看下语法结构:
SHOW CREATE VIEW [database_name].[view_ name];
要显示视图的定义,需要在SHOW CREATE VIEW子句之后指定视图的名称,我们先来根据employees表创建一个简单的视图用来显示公司组织结构,完事在进行演示:
CREATE VIEW organization AS SELECT CONCAT(E.lastname, E.firstname) AS Employee, CONCAT(M.lastname, M.firstname) AS Manager FROM employees AS E INNER JOIN employees AS M ON M.employeeNumber = E.ReportsTo ORDER BY Manager;
从以上视图中查询数据,得到以下结果:
mysql> SELECT * FROM organization;+------------------+------------------+| Employee | Manager |+------------------+------------------+| BondurLoui | BondurGerard || CastilloPamela | BondurGerard || JonesBarry | BondurGerard || HernandezGerard | BondurGerard |.......此处省略了many many数据.......| KatoYoshimi | NishiMami || KingTom | PattersonWilliam || MarshPeter | PattersonWilliam || FixterAndy | PattersonWilliam |+------------------+------------------+24 rows in set
要显示视图的定义,请使用SHOW CREATE VIEW语句如下:
SHOW CREATE VIEW organization;
我们还可以使用任何纯文本编辑器(如记事本)显示视图的定义,以打开数据库文件夹中的视图定义文件。例如,要打开organization视图定义,可以在数据库文件夹下的data文件夹中找到你数据库文件夹,完事进入其中按着你视图名称找.frm文件。
我们再来通过ALTER VIEW和CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW来尝试修改视图,先来看下alert view语法:
ALTER [ALGORITHM = {MERGE | TEMPTABLE | UNDEFINED}] VIEW [database_name]. [view_name] AS [SELECT statement]
以下语句通过添加email列来演示如何修改organization视图:
ALTER VIEW organization AS SELECT CONCAT(E.lastname,E.firstname) AS Employee, E.email AS employeeEmail, CONCAT(M.lastname,M.firstname) AS Manager FROM employees AS E INNER JOIN employees AS M ON M.employeeNumber = E.ReportsTo ORDER BY Manager;
要验证更改,可以从organization视图中查询数据,咱就不赘述了,完事来看下另一个语法结构:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v_contacts AS SELECT firstName, lastName, extension, email FROM employees;-- 查询视图数据SELECT * FROM v_contacts;
我们要注意,在我们修改的时候,如果一个视图已经存在,mysql只会修改视图。如果视图不存在,mysql将创建一个新的视图。好啦,我们来看下上述sql执行的结果:
+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+| firstName | lastName | extension | email |+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+| Diane | Murphy | x5800 | dmurphy@yiibai.com || Mary | Hill | x4611 | mary.hill@yiibai.com || Jeff | Firrelli | x9273 | jfirrelli@yiibai.com || William | Patterson | x4871 | wpatterson@yiibai.com || Gerard | Bondur | x5408 | gbondur@gmail.com || Anthony | Bow | x5428 | abow@gmail.com || Leslie | Jennings | x3291 | ljennings@yiibai.com |.............. 此处省略了many many数据 ..................................| Martin | Gerard | x2312 | mgerard@gmail.com || Lily | Bush | x9111 | lilybush@yiiibai.com || John | Minsu | x9112 | johnminsu@classicmodelcars.com |+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+25 rows in set
假设我们要将职位(jobtitle)列添加到v_contacts视图中,只需使用以下语句:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v_contacts AS SELECT firstName, lastName, extension, email, jobtitle FROM employees;-- 查询视图数据SELECT * FROM v_contacts;
执行上面查询语句后,可以看到添加一列数据:
+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+----------------------+| firstName | lastName | extension | email | jobtitle |+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+----------------------+| Diane | Murphy | x5800 | dmurphy@yiibai.com | President || Mary | Hill | x4611 | mary.hill@yiibai.com | VP Sales || Jeff | Firrelli | x9273 | jfirrelli@yiibai.com | VP Marketing |................... 此处省略了一大波数据 ....................................................| Yoshimi | Kato | x102 | ykato@gmail.com | Sales Rep || Martin | Gerard | x2312 | mgerard@gmail.com | Sales Rep || Lily | Bush | x9111 | lilybush@yiiibai.com | IT Manager || John | Minsu | x9112 | johnminsu@classicmodelcars.com | SVP Marketing |+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------------------------+----------------------+25 rows in set
完事我们来看使用DROP VIEW语句将视图删除,先来看下语法结构:
DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] [database_name].[view_name]
上述sql中,IF EXISTS是语句的可选子句,它允许我们检查视图是否存在,用来避免删除不存在的视图的错误。完事我们来删除organization视图:
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS organization;
我们得注意下,每次修改或删除视图时,mysql会将视图定义文件备份到/database_name/arc/目录中。 如果我们意外修改或删除视图,可以从/database_name/arc/文件夹获取其备份。
好啦,本次记录就到这里了。
更多关于MySQL相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《MySQL查询技巧大全》、《MySQL事务操作技巧汇总》、《MySQL存储过程技巧大全》、《MySQL数据库锁相关技巧汇总》及《MySQL常用函数大汇总》
希望本文所述对大家MySQL数据库计有所帮助。