nginx ingress的安装配置和使用
发表于：2024-12-12 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月12日，这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来基于nginx的ingress的安装配置和使用，文章内容较为丰富， 阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。1. Ingress简介An API object that ma
千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月12日nginx ingress的安装配置和使用
- 这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来基于nginx的ingress的安装配置和使用，文章内容较为丰富， 阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。
1. Ingress简介
An API object that manages external access to the services in a cluster, typically HTTP.
Ingress can provide load balancing, SSL termination and name-based virtual hosting.
引用官方关于ingress的介绍我们可以得知，ingress是一种通过http协议暴露kubernetes内部服务的api对象，即充当Edge Router边界路由器的角色对外基于七层的负载均衡调度机制，能够提供以下几个功能：
- 负载均衡，将请求自动负载均衡到后端的Pod上；
- SSL加密，客户端到Ingress Controller为https加密，到后端Pod为明文的http；
- 基于名称的虚拟主机，提供基于域名或URI更灵活的路由方式
实现Ingress包含的组件有：
- Ingress，客户端，负责定义ingress配置，将请求转发给Ingress Controller；
- Ingress Controller，Ingress控制器，实现七层转发的Edge Router，通过调用k8s的api动态感知集群中Pod的变化而动态更新配置文件并重载， Controller需要部署在k8s集群中以实现和集群中的pod通信，通常以DaemonSets或Deployments的形式部署，并对外暴露80和443端口，对于DaemonSets来说，一般是以hostNetwork或者hostPort的形式暴露，Deployments则以NodePort的方式暴露，控制器的多个节点则借助外部负载均衡ExternalLB以实现统一接入；
- Ingress配置规则，Controller控制器通过service服务发现机制动态实现后端Pod路由转发规则的实现；
- Service，kuberntes中四层的负载均衡调度机制，Ingress借助service的服务发现机制实现集群中Pod资源的动态感知；
- Pod，后端实际负责响应请求容器，由控制器如Deployment创建，通过标签Labels和service关联，服务发现。
简而言之，ingress控制器借助service的服务发现机制实现配置的动态更新以实现Pod的负载均衡机制实现，由于涉及到Ingress Controller的动态更新，目前社区Ingress Controller大体包含两种类型的控制器：
- 传统的七层负载均衡如Nginx，HAproxy，开发了适应微服务应用的插件，具有成熟，高性能等优点；
- 新型微服务负载均衡如Traefik，Envoy，Istio，专门适用于微服务+容器化应用场景，具有动态更新特点；
| 类型 | 常见类型 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 传统负载均衡 | nginx，haproxy | 成熟，稳定，高性能 | 动态更新需reload配置文件 |
| 微服务负载均衡 | Traefik，Envoy，Istio | 天生为微服务而生，动态更新 | 性能还有待提升 |
2. Nginx Ingress
2.1 Nginx ingress介绍
By default, pods of Kubernetes services are not accessible from the external network, but only by other pods within the Kubernetes cluster. Kubernetes has a built‑in configuration for HTTP load balancing, called Ingress, that defines rules for external connectivity to Kubernetes services. Users who need to provide external access to their Kubernetes services create an Ingress resource that defines rules, including the URI path, backing service name, and other information. The Ingress controller can then automatically program a frontend load balancer to enable Ingress configuration. The NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is what enables Kubernetes to configure NGINX and NGINX Plus for load balancing Kubernetes services.
Nginx Ingress Controller是实现ingress的具体实现，包含有两个版本：Ngnix OSS和Nginx Plus版，后者是商业化增强版，支持更多的功能，详情参考官方文档介绍https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx/kubernetes-ingress-controller#compare-versions
2.2 Nginx ingress安装
首先需要安装Nginx Ingress Controller控制器，控制器安装方式包含两种：DaemonSets和Deployments。
- DaemonSets通过hostPort的方式暴露80和443端口，可通过Node的调度由专门的节点实现部署
- Deployments则通过NodePort的方式实现控制器端口的暴露，借助外部负载均衡实现高可用负载均衡
除此之外，还需要部署Namespace，ServiceAccount，RBAC，Secrets，Custom Resource Definitions等资源，如下开始部署。
2.2.1 基础依赖环境准备
1、github中下载源码包,安装部署文件在kubernetes-ingress/deployments/目录下
[root@node-1 ~]# git clone https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress.git[root@node-1 ~]# tree kubernetes-ingress/deployments/kubernetes-ingress/deployments/├── common│ ├── custom-resource-definitions.yaml 自定义资源│ ├── default-server-secret.yaml Secrets│ ├── nginx-config.yaml│ └── ns-and-sa.yaml Namspace+ServiceAccount├── daemon-set│ ├── nginx-ingress.yaml DaemonSets控制器│ └── nginx-plus-ingress.yaml├── deployment│ ├── nginx-ingress.yaml Deployments控制器│ └── nginx-plus-ingress.yaml├── helm-chart Helm安装包│ ├── chart-icon.png│ ├── Chart.yaml│ ├── README.md│ ├── templates│ │ ├── controller-configmap.yaml│ │ ├── controller-custom-resources.yaml│ │ ├── controller-daemonset.yaml│ │ ├── controller-deployment.yaml│ │ ├── controller-leader-election-configmap.yaml│ │ ├── controller-secret.yaml│ │ ├── controller-serviceaccount.yaml│ │ ├── controller-service.yaml│ │ ├── controller-wildcard-secret.yaml│ │ ├── _helpers.tpl│ │ ├── NOTES.txt│ │ └── rbac.yaml│ ├── values-icp.yaml│ ├── values-plus.yaml│ └── values.yaml├── rbac RBAC认证授权│ └── rbac.yaml├── README.md└── service Service定义 ├── loadbalancer-aws-elb.yaml ├── loadbalancer.yaml DaemonSets暴露服务方式 └── nodeport.yaml Deployments暴露服务方式2、创建Namespace和ServiceAccount, kubectl apply -f common/default-server-secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata: name: nginx-ingress ---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata: name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingress3、创建Secrets自签名证书，kubectl apply -f common/default-server-secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata: name: default-server-secret namespace: nginx-ingresstype: Opaquedata: tls.crt: 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 tls.key: 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4、创建ConfigMap自定义配置文件，kubectl apply -f common/nginx-config.yaml
kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata: name: nginx-config namespace: nginx-ingressdata:5、为虚拟云主机和虚拟云主机路由定义自定义资源，支持自定义虚拟主机和虚拟路由，kubectl apply -f common/custom-resource-definitions.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: CustomResourceDefinitionmetadata: name: virtualservers.k8s.nginx.orgspec: group: k8s.nginx.org versions: - name: v1 served: true storage: true scope: Namespaced names: plural: virtualservers singular: virtualserver kind: VirtualServer shortNames: - vs---apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: CustomResourceDefinitionmetadata: name: virtualserverroutes.k8s.nginx.orgspec: group: k8s.nginx.org versions: - name: v1 served: true storage: true scope: Namespaced names: plural: virtualserverroutes singular: virtualserverroute kind: VirtualServerRoute shortNames: - vsr6、配置RBAC认证授权，实现ingress控制器访问集群中的其他资源，kubectl apply -f rbac/rbac.yaml
kind: ClusterRoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1metadata: name: nginx-ingressrules:- apiGroups: - "" resources: - services - endpoints verbs: - get - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - secrets verbs: - get - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps verbs: - get - list - watch - update - create- apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch- apiGroups: - extensions resources: - ingresses verbs: - list - watch - get- apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update- apiGroups: - k8s.nginx.org resources: - virtualservers - virtualserverroutes verbs: - list - watch - get---kind: ClusterRoleBindingapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1metadata: name: nginx-ingresssubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingressroleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: nginx-ingress apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io2.2.2 部署Ingress控制器
1、 部署控制器，控制器可以DaemonSets和Deployment的形式部署，如下是DaemonSets的配置文件
apiVersion: apps/v1kind: DaemonSetmetadata: name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingressspec: selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-ingress template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-ingress #annotations: #prometheus.io/scrape: "true" #prometheus.io/port: "9113" spec: serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress containers: - image: nginx/nginx-ingress:edge imagePullPolicy: Always name: nginx-ingress ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 hostPort: 80 #通过hostPort的方式暴露端口 - name: https containerPort: 443 hostPort: 443 #- name: prometheus #containerPort: 9113 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: true runAsUser: 101 #nginx capabilities: drop: - ALL add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE env: - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name args: - -nginx-configmaps=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-config - -default-server-tls-secret=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-server-secret #- -v=3 # Enables extensive logging. Useful for troubleshooting. #- -report-ingress-status #- -external-service=nginx-ingress #- -enable-leader-election #- -enable-prometheus-metricsDeployments的配置文件
apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata: name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingressspec: replicas: 1 #副本的个数 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-ingress template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-ingress #annotations: #prometheus.io/scrape: "true" #prometheus.io/port: "9113" spec: serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress containers: - image: nginx/nginx-ingress:edge imagePullPolicy: Always name: nginx-ingress ports: #内部暴露的服务端口，需要通过NodePort的方式暴露给外部 - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 #- name: prometheus #containerPort: 9113 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: true runAsUser: 101 #nginx capabilities: drop: - ALL add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE env: - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name args: - -nginx-configmaps=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-config - -default-server-tls-secret=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-server-secret #- -v=3 # Enables extensive logging. Useful for troubleshooting. #- -report-ingress-status #- -external-service=nginx-ingress #- -enable-leader-election #- -enable-prometheus-metrics2、我们以DaemonSets的方式部署，DaemonSet部署集群中各个节点都是对等，如果有外部LoadBalancer则通过外部负载均衡路由至Ingress中
[root@node-1 deployments]# kubectl apply -f daemon-set/nginx-ingress.yaml daemonset.apps/nginx-ingress created[root@node-1 deployments]# kubectl get daemonsets -n nginx-ingressNAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGEnginx-ingress 3 3 3 3 3 15s[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n nginx-ingress -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATESnginx-ingress-7mpfc 1/1 Running 0 2m44s 10.244.0.50 node-1 nginx-ingress-l2rtj 1/1 Running 0 2m44s 10.244.1.144 node-2 nginx-ingress-tgf6r 1/1 Running 0 2m44s 10.244.2.160 node-3 3、校验Nginx Ingress安装情况，此时三个节点均是对等，即访问任意一个节点均能实现相同的效果，统一入口则通过外部负载均衡，如果在云环境下执行kubectl apply -f service/loadbalancer.yaml创建外部负载均衡实现入口调度，自建的可以通过lvs或nginx等负载均衡实现接入，本文不再赘述，读者可以自行研究。
备注说明：如果以Deployments的方式部署，则需要执行service/nodeport.yaml创建NodePort类型的Service，实现的效果和DaemonSets类似。
3. Ingress资源定义
上面的章节已安装了一个Nginx Ingress Controller控制器，有了Ingress控制器后，我们就可以定义Ingress资源来实现七层负载转发了，大体上Ingress支持三种使用方式：1. 基于虚拟主机转发，2. 基于虚拟机主机URI转发，3. 支持TLS加密转发。
3.1 Ingress定义
1、环境准备，先创建一个nginx的Deployment应用，包含2个副本
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl run ingress-demo --image=nginx:1.7.9 --port=80 --replicas=2[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deploymentsNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEingress-demo 2/2 2 2 116s2、以service方式暴露服务端口
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl expose deployment ingress-demo --port=80 --protocol=TCP --target-port=80service/ingress-demo exposed[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEingress-demo ClusterIP 10.109.33.91 80/TCP 2m15s 3、上述两个步骤已创建了一个service，如下我们定义一个ingress对象将起转发至ingress-demo这个service，通过ingress.class指定控制器的类型为nginx
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# cat nginx-ingress-demo.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata: name: nginx-ingress-demo labels: ingres-controller: nginx annotations: kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxspec: rules: - host: www.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: ingress-demo servicePort: 804、创建ingress对象
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ingress-demo.yaml ingress.extensions/nginx-ingress-demo created查看ingress资源列表[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl get ingressesNAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGEnginx-ingress-demo www.happylau.cn 80 4m4s5、查看ingress详情，可以在Rules规则中看到后端Pod的列表，自动发现和关联相关Pod
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl describe ingresses nginx-ingress-demo Name: nginx-ingress-demoNamespace: defaultAddress: Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()Rules: Host Path Backends ---- ---- -------- www.happylau.cn / ingress-demo:80 (10.244.1.146:80,10.244.2.162:80)Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernets.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"labels":{"ingres-controller":"nginx"},"name":"nginx-ingress-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"www.happylaulab.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"ingress-demo","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}]}} kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxEvents: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal AddedOrUpdated 9m7s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 9m7s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 9m7s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-demo was added or updated 6、测试验证，ingress规则的配置信息已注入到Ingress Controller中，环境中Ingress Controller是以DaemonSets的方式部署在集群中，如果有外部的负载均衡，则将www.happylau.cn域名的地址解析为负载均衡VIP。由于测试环境没有搭建负载均衡，将hosts解析执行node-1，node-2或者node-3任意一个IP都能实现相同的功能。
上述测试解析正常，当然也可以解析为node-1和node-2的IP，如下：
[root@node-1 ~]# curl -I http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.101HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.17.6Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2019 10:32:22 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 612Connection: keep-aliveLast-Modified: Tue, 23 Dec 2014 16:25:09 GMTETag: "54999765-264"Accept-Ranges: bytes[root@node-1 ~]# curl -I http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: nginx/1.17.6Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2019 10:32:24 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlContent-Length: 612Connection: keep-aliveLast-Modified: Tue, 23 Dec 2014 16:25:09 GMTETag: "54999765-264"Accept-Ranges: bytes3.2 Ingress动态配置
上面的章节介绍了ingress资源对象的申明配置，在这个章节中我们探究一下Nginx Ingress Controller的实现机制和动态配置更新机制，以方便了解Ingress控制器的工作机制。
1、 查看Nginx Controller控制器的配置文件，在nginx-ingress pod中存储着ingress的配置文件
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n nginx-ingress NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEnginx-ingress-7mpfc 1/1 Running 0 6h25mnginx-ingress-l2rtj 1/1 Running 0 6h25mnginx-ingress-tgf6r 1/1 Running 0 6h25m#查看配置文件，每个ingress生成一个配置文件，文件名为：命名空间-ingres名称.conf[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-ingress-7mpfc -n nginx-ingress -- ls -l /etc/nginx/conf.dtotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 1005 Dec 24 10:06 default-nginx-ingress-demo.conf#查看配置文件[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-ingress-7mpfc -n nginx-ingress -- cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default-nginx-ingress-demo.conf# configuration for default/nginx-ingress-demo#upstream的配置，会用least_conn算法，通过service服务发现机制动态识别到后端的Podupstream default-nginx-ingress-demo-www.happylau.cn-ingress-demo-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-demo-www.happylau.cn-ingress-demo-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.1.146:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0; server 10.244.2.162:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0;}server { listen 80; server_tokens on; server_name www.happylau.cn; location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-demo-www.happylau.cn-ingress-demo-80; #调用upstream实现代理 }}通过上述查看配置文件可得知，Nginx Ingress Controller实际是根据ingress规则生成对应的nginx配置文件，以实现代理转发的功能，加入Deployments的副本数变更后nginx的配置文件会发生什么改变呢？
2、更新控制器的副本数，由2个Pod副本扩容至3个
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment ingress-demo deployment.extensions/ingress-demo scaled[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deploymentsNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEingress-demo 3/3 3 3 123m3、再次查看nginx的配置文件，ingress借助于service的服务发现机制，将加入的Pod自动加入到nginx upstream中
4、查看nginx pod的日志（kubectl logs nginx-ingress-7mpfc -n nginx-ingress），有reload优雅重启的记录，即通过更新配置文件+reload实现配置动态更新。
通过上述的配置可知，ingress调用kubernetes api去感知kubernetes集群中的变化情况，Pod的增加或减少这些变化，然后动态更新nginx ingress controller的配置文件，并重新载入配置。当集群规模越大时，会频繁涉及到配置文件的变动和重载，因此nginx这方面会存在先天的劣势，专门为微服务负载均衡应运而生，如Traefik，Envoy，Istio，这些负载均衡工具能够提供大规模，频繁动态更新的场景，但性能相比Nginx，HAproxy还存在一定的劣势。往后的章节中，我们再对其他的Ingress控制器做介绍。
3.3 Ingress路径转发
Ingress支持URI格式的转发方式，同时支持URL重写，如下以两个service为例演示，service-1安装nginx，service-2安装httpd，分别用http://demo.happylau.cn/news和http://demo.happylau.cn/sports转发到两个不同的service
1、环境准备，创建两个应用并实现service暴露，创建deployments时指定--explose创建service
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl run service-1 --image=nginx:1.7.9 --port=80 --replicas=1 --expose=true service/service-1 createddeployment.apps/service-1 created[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl run service-2 --image=httpd --port=80 --replicas=1 --expose=true service/service-2 createddeployment.apps/service-2 created查看deployment状态[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deployments NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEingress-demo 4/4 4 4 4h46mservice-1 1/1 1 1 65sservice-2 1/1 1 1 52s查看service状态，服务已经正常[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEingress-demo ClusterIP 10.109.33.91 80/TCP 4h46mkubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 101dservice-1 ClusterIP 10.106.245.71 80/TCP 68sservice-2 ClusterIP 10.104.204.158 80/TCP 55s 2、创建ingress对象，通过一个域名将请求转发至后端两个service
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# cat nginx-ingress-uri-demo.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata: name: nginx-ingress-uri-demo labels: ingres-controller: nginx annotations: kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /spec: rules: - host: demo.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: /news backend: serviceName: service-1 servicePort: 80 - path: /sports backend: serviceName: service-2 servicePort: 803、创建ingress规则，查看详情
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ingress-uri-demo.yaml ingress.extensions/nginx-ingress-uri-demo created#查看详情[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl get ingresses.NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGEnginx-ingress-demo www.happylau.cn 80 4h45mnginx-ingress-uri-demo demo.happylau.cn 80 4s[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses nginx-ingress-uri-demo Name: nginx-ingress-uri-demoNamespace: defaultAddress: Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()Rules: #对应的转发url规则 Host Path Backends ---- ---- -------- demo.happylau.cn /news service-1:80 (10.244.2.163:80) /sports service-2:80 (10.244.1.148:80)Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernets.io/ingress.class":"nginx","nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target":"/"},"labels":{"ingres-controller":"nginx"},"name":"nginx-ingress-uri-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"demo.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/news"},{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/sports"}]}}]}} kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal AddedOrUpdated 11s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-uri-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 11s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-uri-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 11s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-uri-demo was added or updated 4、准备测试，站点中创建对应的路径
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it service-1-7b66bf758f-xj9jh /bin/bashroot@service-1-7b66bf758f-xj9jh:/# echo "service-1 website page" >/usr/share/nginx/html/news[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it service-2-7c7444684d-w9cv9 /bin/bashroot@service-2-7c7444684d-w9cv9:/usr/local/apache2# echo "service-2 website page" >/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/sports5、测试验证
[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://demo.happylau.cn/news --resolve demo.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.101service-1 website page[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://demo.happylau.cn/sports --resolve demo.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.101service-2 website page6、通过上述的验证测试可以得知，ingress支持URI的路由方式转发，其对应在ingress中的配置文件内容是怎样的呢，我们看下ingress controller生成对应的nginx配置文件内容，实际是通过ingress的location来实现，将不同的localtion转发至不同的upstream以实现service的关联，配置文件如下：
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-ingress-7mpfc -n nginx-ingress /bin/bashnginx@nginx-ingress-7mpfc:/$ cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo.conf |grep -v "^$"# configuration for default/nginx-ingress-uri-demo#定义两个upstream和后端的service关联upstream default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-1-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-1-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.2.163:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0;}upstream default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-2-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-2-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.1.148:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0; }server { listen 80; server_tokens on; server_name demo.happylau.cn; #定义location实现代理，通过proxy_pass和后端的service关联 location /news { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-1-80; } location /sports { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-uri-demo-demo.happylau.cn-service-2-80; } }3.4 Ingress虚拟主机
ingress支持基于名称的虚拟主机，实现单个IP多个域名转发的需求，通过请求头部携带主机名方式区分开，将上个章节的ingress删除，使用service-1和service-2两个service来做演示。
1、创建ingress规则，通过主机名实现转发规则
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata: name: nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo labels: ingres-controller: nginx annotations: kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxspec: rules: - host: news.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: service-1 servicePort: 80 - host: sports.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: service-2 servicePort: 802、生成ingress规则并查看详情，一个ingress对应两个HOSTS
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ingress-virtualname.yaml ingress.extensions/nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo created#查看列表[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl get ingresses nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGEnginx-ingress-virtualname-demo news.happylau.cn,sports.happylau.cn 80 12s#查看详情[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses nginx-ingress-virtualname-demoName: nginx-ingress-virtualname-demoNamespace: defaultAddress: Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()Rules: Host Path Backends ---- ---- -------- news.happylau.cn / service-1:80 (10.244.2.163:80) sports.happylau.cn / service-2:80 (10.244.1.148:80)Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernets.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"labels":{"ingres-controller":"nginx"},"name":"nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"news.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"host":"sports.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}]}} kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxEvents: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal AddedOrUpdated 28s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 28s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 28s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo was added or updated 3、准备测试数据并测试
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it service-1-7b66bf758f-xj9jh /bin/bashroot@service-1-7b66bf758f-xj9jh:/# echo "news demo" >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it service-2-7c7444684d-w9cv9 /bin/bash root@service-2-7c7444684d-w9cv9:/usr/local/apache2# echo "sports demo" >/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html测试：
[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://news.happylau.cn --resolve news.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102news demo[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://sports.happylau.cn --resolve sports.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102sports demo4、查看nginx的配置文件内容，通过在server中定义不同的server_name以区分，代理到不同的upstream以实现service的代理。
# configuration for default/nginx-ingress-virtualname-demoupstream default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.2.163:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0;}upstream default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.1.148:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0;}server { listen 80; server_tokens on; server_name news.happylau.cn; location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80; }}server { listen 80; server_tokens on; server_name sports.happylau.cn; location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-virtualname-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80; } }3.5 Ingress TLS加密
四层的负载均衡无法支持https请求，当前大部分业务都要求以https方式接入，Ingress能支持https的方式接入，通过Secrets存储证书+私钥，实现https接入，同时还能支持http跳转功能。对于用户的请求流量来说，客户端到ingress controller是https流量，ingress controller到后端service则是http，提高用户访问性能，如下介绍ingress TLS功能实现步骤。
1、生成自签名证书和私钥
[root@node-1 ~]# openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -days 365 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crtGenerating a 2048 bit RSA private key....................................................+++........................................+++writing new private key to 'tls.key'-----You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家State or Province Name (full name) []:GD #省份Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ShenZhen #城市Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Tencent #公司 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:HappyLau #组织Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.happylau.cn #域名Email Address []:573302346@qq.com #邮箱地址#tls.crt为证书，tls.key为私钥[root@node-1 ~]# ls tls.* -l-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1428 12月 26 13:21 tls.crt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1708 12月 26 13:21 tls.key2、配置Secrets，将证书和私钥配置到Secrets中
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl create secret tls happylau-sslkey --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key secret/happylau-sslkey created查看Secrets详情,证书和私要包含在data中，文件名为两个不同的key：tls.crt和tls.key[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl describe secrets happylau-sslkey Name: happylau-sslkeyNamespace: defaultLabels: Annotations: Type: kubernetes.io/tlsData====tls.crt: 1428 bytestls.key: 1708 bytes 3、配置ingress调用Secrets实现SSL证书加密
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata: name: nginx-ingress-tls-demo labels: ingres-controller: nginx annotations: kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxspec: tls: - hosts: - news.happylau.cn - sports.happylau.cn secretName: happylau-sslkey rules: - host: news.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: service-1 servicePort: 80 - host: sports.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: service-2 servicePort: 804、创建ingress并查看ingress详情
[root@node-1 nginx-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses nginx-ingress-tls-demo Name: nginx-ingress-tls-demoNamespace: defaultAddress: Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()TLS: happylau-sslkey terminates news.happylau.cn,sports.happylau.cnRules: Host Path Backends ---- ---- -------- news.happylau.cn / service-1:80 (10.244.2.163:80) sports.happylau.cn / service-2:80 (10.244.1.148:80)Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernets.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"labels":{"ingres-controller":"nginx"},"name":"nginx-ingress-tls-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"news.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"host":"sports.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"service-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}],"tls":[{"hosts":["news.happylau.cn","sports.happylau.cn"],"secretName":"happylau-sslkey"}]}} kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginxEvents: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal AddedOrUpdated 22s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-tls-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 22s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-tls-demo was added or updated Normal AddedOrUpdated 22s nginx-ingress-controller Configuration for default/nginx-ingress-tls-demo was added or updated 5、 将news.happylau.cn和sports.happylau.cn写入到hosts文件中，并通过https://news.happylau.cn 的方式访问，浏览器访问内容提示证书如下，信任证书即可访问到站点内容。
查看证书详情，正是我们制作的自签名证书，生产实际使用时，推荐使用CA机构颁发签名证书。
6、接下来查看一下tls配置https的nginx配置文件内容，可以看到在server块启用了https并配置证书，同时配置了http跳转，因此直接访问http也能够实现自动跳转到https功能。
# configuration for default/nginx-ingress-tls-demoupstream default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.2.163:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0; }upstream default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80 { zone default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80 256k; random two least_conn; server 10.244.1.148:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=0; }server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; #https监听端口，证书和key，实现和Secrets关联 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/secrets/default-happylau-sslkey; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/secrets/default-happylau-sslkey; server_tokens on; server_name news.happylau.cn; #http跳转功能，即访问http会自动跳转至https if ($scheme = http) { return 301 https://$host:443$request_uri; } location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-news.happylau.cn-service-1-80; } }server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/secrets/default-happylau-sslkey; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/secrets/default-happylau-sslkey; server_tokens on; server_name sports.happylau.cn; if ($scheme = http) { return 301 https://$host:443$request_uri; } location / { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 60s; proxy_send_timeout 60s; client_max_body_size 1m; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_buffering on; proxy_pass http://default-nginx-ingress-tls-demo-sports.happylau.cn-service-2-80; } }4. Nginx Ingress高级功能
4.1 定制化参数
ingress controller提供了基础反向代理的功能，如果需要定制化nginx的特性或参数，需要通过ConfigMap和Annotations来实现，两者实现的方式有所不同，ConfigMap用于指定整个ingress集群资源的基本参数，修改后会被所有的ingress对象所继承；Annotations则被某个具体的ingress对象所使用，修改只会影响某个具体的ingress资源，冲突时其优先级高于ConfigMap。
4.1.1 ConfigMap自定义参数
安装nginx ingress controller时默认会包含一个空的ConfigMap，可以通过ConfigMap来自定义nginx controller的默认参数，如下以修改一些参数为例：
1、 定义ConfigMap参数
kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata: name: nginx-config namespace: nginx-ingressdata: proxy-connect-timeout: "10s" proxy-read-timeout: "10s" proxy-send-timeout: "10" client-max-body-size: "3m"2、 应用配置并查看ConfigMap配置
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get configmaps -n nginx-ingress nginx-config -o yamlapiVersion: v1data: client-max-body-size: 3m proxy-connect-timeout: 10s proxy-read-timeout: 10s proxy-send-timeout: 10skind: ConfigMapmetadata: annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: | {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"client-max-body-size":"3m","proxy-connect-timeout":"10s","proxy-read-timeout":"10s","proxy-send-timeout":"10"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-config","namespace":"nginx-ingress"}} creationTimestamp: "2019-12-24T04:39:23Z" name: nginx-config namespace: nginx-ingress resourceVersion: "13845543" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/nginx-ingress/configmaps/nginx-config uid: 9313ae47-a0f0-463e-a25a-1658f1ca0d573 、此时，ConfigMap定义的配置参数会被集群中所有的Ingress资源继承（除了annotations定义之外）
有很多参数可以定义，详情配置可参考方文档说明：https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/blob/master/docs/configmap-and-annotations.md#Summary-of-ConfigMap-and-Annotations
4.1.2 Annotations自定义参数
ConfigMap定义的是全局的配置参数，修改后所有的配置都会受影响，如果想针对某个具体的ingress资源自定义参数，则可以通过Annotations来实现，下面开始以实际的例子演示Annotations的使用。
1、修改ingress资源，添加annotations的定义,通过nginx.org组修改了一些参数，如proxy-connect-timeout，调度算法为round_robin（默认为least _conn）
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata: name: nginx-ingress-demo labels: ingres-controller: nginx annotations: kubernets.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.org/proxy-connect-timeout: "30s" nginx.org/proxy-send-timeout: "20s" nginx.org/proxy-read-timeout: "20s" nginx.org/client-max-body-size: "2m" nginx.org/fail-timeout: "5s" nginx.org/lb-method: "round_robin" spec: rules: - host: www.happylau.cn http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: ingress-demo servicePort: 802、 重新应用ingress对象并查看参数配置情况
由上面的演示可得知，Annotations的优先级高于ConfigMapMap，Annotations修改参数只会影响到某一个具体的ingress资源，其定义的方法和ConfigMap相相近似，但又有差别，部分ConfigMap的参数Annotations无法支持，反过来Annotations定义的参数ConfigMap也不一定支持，下图列举一下常规支持参数情况：
ConfigMap和Annotations详细支持说明：链接说明
4.2 虚拟主机和路由
安装nginx ingress时我们安装了一个customresourcedefinitions自定义资源，其能够提供除了默认ingress功能之外的一些高级特性如
- 虚拟主机VirtualServer
- 虚拟路由VirtualServerRoute
- 健康检查Healthcheck
- 流量切割Split
- 会话保持SessionCookie
- 重定向Redirect
这些功能大部分依赖于Nginx Plus高级版本的支持，社区版本仅支持部分，对于企业级开发而言，丰富更多的功能可以购买企业级Nginx Plus版本。如下以通过VirtualServer和VirtualServerRoute定义upstream配置为例演示功能使用。
1、定义VirtualServer资源,其配置和ingress资源对象类似，能支持的功能会更丰富一点
apiVersion: k8s.nginx.org/v1kind: VirtualServermetadata: name: cafespec: host: cafe.example.com tls: secret: cafe-secret upstreams: - name: tea service: tea-svc port: 80 name: tea service: ingress-demo subselector: version: canary lb-method: round_robin fail-timeout: 10s max-fails: 1 max-conns: 32 keepalive: 32 connect-timeout: 30s read-timeout: 30s send-timeout: 30s next-upstream: "error timeout non_idempotent" next-upstream-timeout: 5s next-upstream-tries: 10 client-max-body-size: 2m tls: enable: true routes: - path: /tea action: pass: tea2、 应用资源并查看VirtualServer资源列表
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl apply -f vs.yaml virtualserver.k8s.nginx.org/cafe unchanged[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get virtualserverNAME AGEcafe 2m52s3、检查ingress控制器的配置文件情况,生成的配置和upstream定义一致
nginx@nginx-ingress-7mpfc:/etc/nginx/conf.d$ cat vs_default_cafe.conf upstream vs_default_cafe_tea { zone vs_default_cafe_tea 256k; server 10.244.0.51:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=32; server 10.244.1.146:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=32; server 10.244.1.147:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=32; server 10.244.2.162:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s max_conns=32; keepalive 32;}server { listen 80; server_name cafe.example.com; listen 443 ssl; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/secrets/default; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/secrets/default; ssl_ciphers NULL; server_tokens "on"; location /tea { proxy_connect_timeout 30s; proxy_read_timeout 30s; proxy_send_timeout 30s; client_max_body_size 2m; proxy_max_temp_file_size 1024m; proxy_buffering on; proxy_http_version 1.1; set $default_connection_header ""; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection $vs_connection_header; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_pass https://vs_default_cafe_tea; proxy_next_upstream error timeout non_idempotent; proxy_next_upstream_timeout 5s; proxy_next_upstream_tries 10; } }到此为止, 关于nginx中的ingress有了一个基础的认识, 但是对于具体的使用方法还是需要多加巩固和练习，如果想了解更多相关内容，请关注行业资讯。
配置
文件
控制器
控制
均衡
方式
资源
参数
支持
服务
功能
动态
证书
主机
更新
机制
集群
两个
规则
详情
数据库的安全要保护哪些东西
数据库安全各自的含义是什么
生产安全数据库录入
数据库的安全性及管理
数据库安全策略包含哪些
海淀数据库安全审计系统
建立农村房屋安全信息数据库
易用的数据库客户端支持安全管理
连接数据库失败ssl安全错误
数据库的锁怎样保障安全
宜兴定制软件开发简介
限制数据库的大小
中国5G网络技术是任正非的吗
湖北第三方软件开发大概要多少钱
河源市车道网络技术有限公司
单位网络安全中大数据
纵目科技产业互联网融资
产品信息管理系统数据库
网络安全法自己日实行
山东网络软件开发公司
群晖nas做软件开发
北京阿里网络安全招聘
服务器内部错误请通知管理员
北京电脑软件开发多少钱
信用资源数据库
炫舞时代服务器繁忙咋回事
网站未落实网络安全防范措施
贵州正规网络技术服务产品介绍
米客互联网科技公司
椒江软件开发
使用亚马逊云服务器注册亚马逊
网络安全强军政策
数据库对身份证号加密
服务器 认证
网络安全法未对地方
使用某个数据库
软件开发专业需要什么资格
互联网公司算不算高科技
安徽私有服务器供货厂
软件开发用华为的什么版本
