一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之DG 机器配置(七)

1. DG 机器配置

本文文档结构：

这一步的DG机器配置就相当于安装单实例的DB+ASM 一样，这里我把之前的文档内容直接拷贝过来了，也不做过多的解释了

1. 安装之前的配置工作

1. 检查硬件

在正式安装开始前，请先检查你的软硬件条件是否满足安装需要。

硬件上可以使用命令查看内存情况和 CPU 特性：

#more /proc/meminfo

#more /proc/cpuinfo

其中内存的要求是不低于 1G

下面的不是必须的，可选使用

#df -k /dev/shm 检查共享内存

#df -k /tmp 检查临时磁盘空间

#more /proc/version 检查操作系统版本

#uname -r 检查内核版本

内存

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

交换空间

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

磁盘空间

# df -ah

# free

#free -m

1. 安装软件包检查

可以统一检查：

rpm -q binutils \

compat-libstdc++-33 \

elfutils-libelf \

gcc \

gcc-c++ \

glibc \

glibc-common \

glibc-devel \

glibc-headers \

ksh \

libaio \

libaio-devel \

libgomp \

libgcc \

libstdc++ \

libstdc++-devel \

make \

sysstat \

unixODBC \

unixODBC-devel \

numactl-devel

我们可以看到没有安装过的包会已is not installed 出现：

[root@rhel6_lhr ~]# rpm -q binutils \

> compat-libstdc++-33 \

> elfutils-libelf \

> gcc \

> gcc-c++ \

> glibc \

> glibc-common \

> glibc-devel \

> glibc-headers \

> ksh \

> libaio \

> libaio-devel \

> libgomp \

> libgcc \

> libstdc++ \

> libstdc++-devel \

> make \

> sysstat \

> unixODBC \

> unixODBC-devel \

> numactl-devel

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64

gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64

glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64

glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64

package ksh is not installed

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.i686

make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64

sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64

unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64

unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.i686

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.i686

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64

package numactl-devel is not installed

[root@rhel6_lhr ~]#

如果部分包不存在

可以批量更新安装，但如果依赖关系缺失，可能需要多执行两遍

或者手工调整

1. 修改主机名

永久生效：

[root@zijuan /]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=yes

HOSTNAME=dg

注意：修改主机名后，需要重启系统后生效，或者切换个用户然后切换回来就OK

查看/etc/hosts文件中必须包含a fully qualified name for the server

[root@localhost lhr]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.59.140 dg

[root@localhost lhr]# hostname dg

[root@localhost lhr]# hostname

dg

1. 磁盘准备

这里为了节省空间，我们采用dd命令来faking 5块裸设备磁盘

1块硬盘安装操作系统

234块用于实现ASM 存储数据

5块硬盘用于存储FRA

------------------------ 直接贴脚本，root用户下执行

mkdir /asmdisk

dd if=/dev/zero of=/asmdisk/disk1 bs=1024k count=2000

dd if=/dev/zero of=/asmdisk/disk2 bs=1024k count=2000

dd if=/dev/zero of=/asmdisk/disk3 bs=1024k count=2000

dd if=/dev/zero of=/asmdisk/disk4 bs=1024k count=2000

dd if=/dev/zero of=/asmdisk/disk5 bs=1024k count=2000

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop1 /asmdisk/disk1

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop2 /asmdisk/disk2

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop3 /asmdisk/disk3

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop4 /asmdisk/disk4

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop5 /asmdisk/disk5

raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/loop1

raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/loop2

raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/loop3

raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/loop4

raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/loop5

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw1

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw2

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw3

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw4

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw5

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw1

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw2

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw3

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw4

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw5

------ 将以下内容添加到文件/etc/rc.local文件中

------Add the following entries to the file "/etc/rc.local"

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop1 /asmdisk/disk1

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop2 /asmdisk/disk2

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop3 /asmdisk/disk3

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop4 /asmdisk/disk4

/sbin/losetup /dev/loop5 /asmdisk/disk5

raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/loop1

raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/loop2

raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/loop3

raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/loop4

raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/loop5

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw1

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw2

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw3

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw4

chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw5

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw1

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw2

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw3

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw4

chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw5

如果需要删除的话，删除命令：

losetup -d /dev/loop1

losetup -d /dev/loop1

......

查看结果：

[root@dg ~]# ll /dev/raw/raw*

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Oct 9 16:35 /dev/raw/raw1

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Oct 9 16:35 /dev/raw/raw2

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 Oct 9 16:35 /dev/raw/raw3

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 Oct 9 16:35 /dev/raw/raw4

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 5 Oct 9 16:35 /dev/raw/raw5

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 0 Oct 5 15:42 /dev/raw/rawctl

[root@dg ~]#

更多请参考：

E:\云盘\资料盘\李华荣(个人整理)\oracle-linux\asmdisk_创建asm磁盘.sql

1. 配置目录、用户等

1. 配置用户及用户组

利用 /usr/sbin/groupadd 命令

------这里Oracle用户可能已经安装过的，没有影响：

代码：

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmoper

groupadd asmdba

--添加用户到组

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper,asmadmin oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid

--修改密码

passwd oracle

passwd grid

echo oracle | passwd --stdin lhr

echo grid | passwd --stdin lhr

---查看属主

[root@rhel_linux_asm ~]# id oracle

uid=501(oracle) gid=502(dba) groups=502(dba),501(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba)

[root@rhel_linux_asm ~]# id grid

uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmadmin),505(asmoper),506(asmdba)

[root@rhel_linux_asm ~]#

1. 创建目录并且配置 grid 和 oracle 用户的配置文件

代码：

--root用户下：

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

--------Oracle User----切换到Oracle用户下------

[root@rhel_linux_asm ~]# su - oracle

[grid@rhel_linux_asm ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=phydb

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export GLOBAL_DB_UNIQUE_NAME=phydb

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=192.168.59.140

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=phydb

export ORACLE_ALERT=$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_UNQNAME/$ORACLE_SID/trace

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'

alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

alias alert_log='tail -200f $ORACLE_ALERT/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log'

alias alert_listener='tail -200f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/trace/listener.log'

--------Grid User-----切换到grid用户下-----

cd /home/grid

vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

alias alert_log='tail -200f $ORACLE_BASE/diag/asm/+asm/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log'

修改完成后执行 source .bash_profile 让设置生效

1. 系统内核参数修改

   1. 编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，在文件尾部添加如下内容：

[root@localhost ~]# tail -8 /etc/security/limits.conf

# add by lhr for oracle and grid on 2014-05-02

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

1. 编辑 /etc/pam.d/login 文件，在文件尾部添加如下内容：

[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limis.so

[root@localhost ~]#

1. 编辑 /etc/profile 文件，设置 shell 限制，在文件尾部添加如下内容：

[root@localhost ~]# tail -9 /etc/profile

if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

1. /etc/sysctl.conf

Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

生效

# /sbin/sysctl -p

1. 备库安装grid软件

安装GridInfrastructure：

1. 创建ASM磁盘组

1. 执行root脚本

[root@dg 11.2.0]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@dg 11.2.0]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= grid

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]:

The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]:

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

Creating trace directory

LOCAL ADD MODE

Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..

Operation successful.

LOCAL ONLY MODE

Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..

Operation successful.

CRS-4664: Node dg successfully pinned.

Adding Clusterware entries to upstart

dg 2014/10/02 22:59:43 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/dg/backup_20141002_225943.olr

Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server

[root@dg 11.2.0]#

1. 安装oracle软件

①以oracle用户登录图形界面，执行/home/oracle/database/runInsta

[root@dg ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]:

The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)

[n]:

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

[root@dg ~]#