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为什么mysql要使用主从模型

发表于:2024-11-23 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月23日,本文主要给大家介绍为什么mysql要使用主从模型,文章内容都是笔者用心摘选和编辑的,具有一定的针对性,对大家的参考意义还是比较大的,下面跟笔者一起了解下为什么mysql要使用主从模型吧。主从复制的原理
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月23日为什么mysql要使用主从模型

本文主要给大家介绍为什么mysql要使用主从模型,文章内容都是笔者用心摘选和编辑的,具有一定的针对性,对大家的参考意义还是比较大的,下面跟笔者一起了解下为什么mysql要使用主从模型吧。

主从复制的原理:主云服务器(master)上的二进制日志(binlog)中记录的操作,可以在从云服务器(slave)上的中继日志(relaylog)得到重放,进而可以实现数据的同步,保证数据的一致性;

主从复制的前提条件:

1. 主云服务器的数据需要先进行一次完全备份,在从云服务器上恢复;

2. 开启免密ssh登录;

3. 主云服务器上开启二进制日志,写入server_id,sync_binlog参数设置为1;

4. 从云服务器上开启中继日志,写入server_id,开启读锁(从云服务器只可读不可写);

从云服务器上对复制相关的线程(show slave status\G);

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

IO_thread:用于和Master相连接,监控和接收Master的二进制日志;

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

SQL_thread:用于监控,读取和重放中继日志的日志信息,并将数据写入到数据库中;

根据从云服务器上对复制的线程,我们就可以知道,主从复制就是,master上的操作都被记录在binlog中,然后slave上的IO_thread就将master中的binlog记录的内容复制到本地的relaylog中,最后SQL_thread就将relaylog记录的内容重放,达到数据一致的目标;

1.首先需要master和slave可以免密通信;

2.对master和slave的主配置文件进行修改;

Master的mysql主配置文件:(默认/etc/my.cnf)

[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd innodb_file_per_table=ONskip_name_resolve=ONlog_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog   #开启二进制日志server_id=101                   #赋予一个idsync_binlog=1                   #二进制日志同步至磁盘上innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1  #每执行完一个事务后,及时写入磁盘 [mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d


Slave的mysql的主配置文件(默认/etc/my.cnf);

[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemdinnodb_file_per_table=ONskip_name_resolve=ONserver_id=201    #赋予一个server_idread_only=ON   #开启读锁;relay_log=slavelog        #开启slave日志 [mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

3.启动master,将所有的数据库进行完全备份,并在slave上进行重放;


[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -hlocalhost --all-databases -p >  alldata.sqlEnter password:
[root@master ~]# scp alldata.sql 172.16.75.2:/alldata.sql                                                                100% 2803KB  22.1MB/s   00:00
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /alldata.sqlEnter password:

5.master授权一个具有replication的用户,可以让slave用于登录master进行复制日志内容,并记录当前二进制日志文件名及坐标(show master logs);

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repuser'@'%' identified by 'reppass';
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs;+---------------+-----------+| Log_name      | File_size |+---------------+-----------+| binlog.000001 |     30379 || binlog.000002 |   1038814 || binlog.000003 |      9598 || binlog.000004 |       647 || binlog.000005 |       285 || binlog.000006 |       720 || binlog.000007 |       264 || binlog.000008 |       264 || binlog.000009 |       264 || binlog.000010 |       264 || binlog.000011 |  12140997 |+---------------+-----------+11 rows in set (0.00 sec)


6.在slave上使用授权用户进行指定master的相关属性信息,并启动复制线程;

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.75.1',master_user='repuser',master_password='reppass',master_port=3306,master_log_file='binlog.000011',master_log_pos=12140997; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 172.16.75.1                  Master_User: repuser2                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: binlog.000011          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 12140997               Relay_Log_File: slavelog.000018                Relay_Log_Pos: 12141278        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000011             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:          Replicate_Ignore_DB:           Replicate_Do_Table:       Replicate_Ignore_Table:      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                   Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                 Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 12140997              Relay_Log_Space: 12141846              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:           Master_SSL_CA_Path:              Master_SSL_Cert:            Master_SSL_Cipher:               Master_SSL_Key:        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:               Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:             Master_Server_Id: 1011 row in set (0.00 sec)

至此,主从模型搭建完毕,当我们在master上进行数据操作时,slave上也会进行记录,并重放至本地数据中;


验证:master上创建一个数据表,slave上也查看;

master端:


MariaDB [hellodb]> create table stu_info(SID int auto_increment  not null primary key);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)MariaDB [hellodb]> desc stu_info;+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| SID   | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

slave端:

MariaDB [(none)]> show tables from hellodb;+-------------------+| Tables_in_hellodb |+-------------------+| classes           || coc               || courses           || scores            || students          || teachers          || toc               |+-------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> desc hellodb.stu_info;+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| SID   | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)

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