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Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g

发表于：2024-11-26 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月26日，这篇文章主要介绍"Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g"的相关知识，小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程，操作方法简单快捷，实用性强，希望这篇"Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g"文章能帮助大

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月26日Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g

这篇文章主要介绍"Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g"的相关知识，小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程，操作方法简单快捷，实用性强，希望这篇"Linux下怎么安装Oracle 11g"文章能帮助大家解决问题。

oracle 11g客户端是一款出自甲骨文公司之手的专业化关系数据库管理系统，oracle 11g客户端功能强劲，具有高效性、安全性、稳定性和延展性等特点，世界上的几乎所有大型信息化系统都在应用Oracle数据库技术。

1.安装前环境准备

1.1.配置本地yum源

#因公司内网环境，没有互联网，所以需要配置本地yum源，安装所需依赖包等。#挂载ios镜像centos7.5-1804[root@oracle ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt#备份原配置文件[root@oracle ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@oracle ~]#mkdir bak[root@oracle ~]#mv * bak#创建yum配置文件[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo#添加以下内容[local]name=localbaseurl=file:///mntgpgcheck=0enabled=1#清空yum所有源信息[root@oracle ~]#yum clean all#查看本地源的所有软件[root@oracle ~]#yum list

1.2上传解压oracle 11g安装包

#将下载的linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip解压到/usr/local/apps/oracle目录[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apps/oracle[root@oracle ~]# cd /usr/local/apps/oracle[root@oracle oracle]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip && unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip#没有安装unzip命令工具的安装一下[root@oracle ~]# yum install unzip –y#解压后会产生一个database目录，即/usr/local/apps/oracle/database，目录里面是oracle11g企业版的安装文件

1.3.给本机服务IP地址作个映射

#添加本机IP地址和主机名[root@oracle oracle]# vim /etc/hosts10.0.0.10 oracle

1.4.关闭selinux

#修改SELINUX=disabled[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/selinux/configSELINUX=disabled[root@oracle ~]#setenforce 0setenforce: SELinux is disabled

1.5.关闭防火墙

[root@oracle ~]#service iptables stop[root@oracle ~]#systemctl stop firewalld[root@oracle ~]#systemctl disable firewalld

1.6.安装Oracle 11g依赖包

[root@oracle ~]#yum install gcc make  ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y

1.7.添加安装用户和用户组

#创建用户组[root@oracle ~]#groupadd oinstall[root@oracle ~]#groupadd dba#创建oracle用户并指定用户组[root@oracle ~]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle#为oracle用户设置密码[root@oracle ~]#passwd oracle#查看用户信息[root@oracle ~]#id oracle      uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) 组=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)#如显示以上类似信息则表示添加用户和用户组成功

1.8.修改内核参数

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf#添加以下内容fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 1073741824kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576#其中shmmax是单个共享内存段的最大值，一般设置为本机物理内存的一半，单位为byte，可根据自己的实际情况做相应调整#使新内核参数生效[root@oracle ~]#sysctl –p

1.9.修改用户的限制文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf#添加以下内容oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240

1.10.修改/etc/pam.d/login文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/pam.d/login#添加以下内容session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession  required   pam_limits.so

1.11.修改/etc/profile文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/profile#添加以下内容if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi#使之生效[root@oracle ~]#source /etc/profile

1.12.创建安装目录和设置文件权限

[root@oracle ~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/oradata[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/inventory[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/fast_recovery_area[root@oracle ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/apps/oracle[root@oracle ~]#chmod -R 775 /usr/local/apps/oracle

1.13.设置oracle用户环境变量

[root@oracle ~]#su - oracle#此处注意，切换用户时切记要加"-"，加-会拥有目标用户的环境变量，不加"-"则没有，详细的可自行网上搜索找解答[oracle@oracle ~]$vi .bash_profile#添加如下内容ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/apps/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0ORACLE_SID=orclPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_BASEexport ORACLE_HOMEexport ORACLE_SIDexport PATH#使配置生效[oracle@oracle ~]$source .bash_profile

1.14.编辑静默安装响应文件

[oracle@oracle ~]$cp -R /usr/local/apps/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle[oracle@oracle ~]$cd /home/oracle/response[oracle@oracle ~]$vi db_install.rsp#需要设置的选项如下,注意只修改以下设置，其他设置不变，否则会报错。oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracleUNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/apps/oracle/inventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CNORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/apps/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dbaDECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

2根据响应文件静默安装Oracle11g Enterprise Edition企业版

[oracle@oracle ~]$cd /usr/local/apps/oracle/database[oracle@oracle ~]$./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq#Oracle开始在后台静默安装，如果提示Successfully则表示安装成功#按照要求执行脚本，打开终端，以root用户登录，执行脚本[root@oracle ~]#/usr/local/apps/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh[root@oracle ~]#/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

3.以静默方式配置监听

#以oracle用户登录，执行[oracle@oracle ~]$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp#通过netstat命令查看1521端口是否在监听中[oracle@oracle ~]$ss -tnulp | grep 1521

4.以静默方式建立新库，同时也建立一个对应的实例

4.1.修改dbca.rsp配置文件

[oracle@oracle ~]$vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp#设置以下参数[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "orcl"SID = "orcl"SYSPASSWORD = "123456"SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"DATAFILEDESTINATION =/usr/local/apps/oracle/oradataRECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/usr/local/apps/oracle/fast_recovery_areaCHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"TOTALMEMORY = "800"#其中TOTALMEMORY = "800"为800MB，一般设置为物理内存的80%

4.2.进行静默配置创建实例

[oracle@oracle ~]$dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp#建库后进行实例进程检查[oracle@oracle ~]$ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep#查看监听状态[oracle@oracle ~]$lsnrctl status#登录查看实例状态[oracle@oracle ~]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> select status from v$instance;#如显示STATUS------------OPEN#则表示实例是启动状态#查看数据库编码SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;#查看数据库版本SQL> select * from v$version;

5.Oracle开机自启动设置

5.1.修改启动脚本文件

#修改/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart#将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME#修改/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut#将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

5.2.修改/etc/oratab文件

[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /etc/oratab#将orcl:/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改为Y，成为orcl:/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y#输入dbshut和dbstart测试[oracle@oracle ~]$dbshut#Oracle监听停止，进程消失[oracle@oracle ~]$dbstart#Oracle监听启动，进程启动5.3.切换到root账户建立自启动脚本[oracle@oracle ~]$su -[root@oracle ~]#vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle#添加以下内容（有些值如ORA_HOME和ORA_USER等根据实际情况可以修改）：#!/bin/sh# chkconfig: 35 80 10# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.## Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;## Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.ORA_HOME=/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0ORA_OWNER=oracleif [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]then   echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"   exitficase "$1" in'start')# Start the Oracle databases:echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done"# Start the Listener:echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracletouch /var/lock/subsys/oracle;;'stop')# Stop the Oracle Listener:echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle# Stop the Oracle Database:echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."echo ""echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle;;'restart')$0 stop$0 start;;esac

5.4.修改/etc/init.d/oracle服务文件权限

[root@oracle ~]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

5.5.添加开机自启服务

[root@oracle ~]#chkconfig oracle on

5.6.需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作

#关机[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle#重启[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle  #进行测试[root@oracle ~]# service oracle start       #启动oracle[root@oracle ~]# service oracle stop        #关闭oracle

5.7.重启查看Oracle监听和实例进程是否均能自动启动