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GPS(NMEA)数据解析

发表于:2024-12-03 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月03日,一、GPS定位信息设置好gps模式,启动gps,正常的话在gps通路有NMEA数据上报,如下:$GPGSV,3,1,11,01,62,130,42,07,61,201,43,11,72,075,28,
千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月03日GPS(NMEA)数据解析

一、GPS定位信息

设置好gps模式,启动gps,正常的话在gps通路有NMEA数据上报,如下:

$GPGSV,3,1,11,01,62,130,42,07,61,201,43,11,72,075,28,17,20,251,38*7A

$GPGSV,3,2,11,30,63,272,44,03,00,149,,08,34,046,,13,05,309,*76

$GPGSV,3,3,11,22,08,127,,27,03,057,,28,34,312,*4C

$GPGGA,042523.0,3413.610533,N,10854.063257,E,1,05,2.6,438.5,M,-28.0,M,,*78

$GPVTG,245.9,T,245.9,M,0.0,N,0.0,K,A*23

$GPRMC,042523.0,A,3413.610533,N,10854.063257,E,0.0,245.9,190716,0.0,E,A*0F

$GPGSA,A,2,01,07,11,17,30,,,,,,,,2.8,2.6,1.0*3F

(1) $GPGGA (GPS定位信息)

协议格式:

$GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,9.0,M, , ,,0000*18

协议格式详细分析:

(2) $GPGLL (地理定位信息)

协议格式:

$GPGLL,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>*hh

样例数据:

$GPGLL,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,161229.487,A*2C

协议格式详细分析:

(3) $GPGSA (当前卫星信息)

协议格式:

$GPGSA,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>,<13>,<14>,<15>,<16>,<17>*hh

样例数据:

$GPGSA,A,3,07,02,26,27,09,04,15, , , , , ,1.8,1.0,1.5*33

协议格式详细分析:

(4) $GPGSV(可见卫星信息)

协议格式:
$GPGSV, <1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,...,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>*hh

样例数据:

$GPGSV,2,1,07,07,79,048,42,02,51,062,43,26,36,256,42,27,27,138,42*71$GPGSV,2,2,07,09,23,313,42,04,19,159,41,15,12,041,42*41

需要注意的是这里的样例数据有2条,这是因为当前可见卫星一共有7个,但是每条语句最多包括四颗卫星的信息,所以分成了2条语句。每颗卫星的信息有四个数据项,即:<4>(卫星编号)、<5>(卫星仰角)、<6>(卫星方位角)、<7>(信噪比)。

协议格式详细分析(只分析第1条样例数据语句):

(5) $GPRMC(最简定位信息)

协议格式:

$GPRMC,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>*hh

样例数据:

$GPRMC,161229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598,,*10

协议格式详细分析:

(6) $GPVTG(地面速度信息)

协议格式:

$GPVTG,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>*hh

样例数据:

$GPVTG,309.62,T, ,M,0.13,N,0.2,K*6E

协议格式详细分析:

二、GPS(NMEA)数据解析

/*********************************************************************************/

ingps.h

/*********************************************************************************/

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

/*********************************************************************************/

degps.h

/*********************************************************************************/

#include "ingps.h"

#define TTYUSB "/dev/ttyUSB3" /*串口设备*/

#define BAUD_RATE 4800 /*波特率 */

#define DATA_BITS 8 /*数据位*/

#define NEVENT 'N' /*校验 */

#define NSTOP 1 /*停止位*/

#define BUFLEN 512 /*可随意取,但要大于GPGGA_MAX*/

#define GPGGA_MAX 100 /*"$GPGGA……"的最大值,待定*/

#define DBG_GPS


typedef struct{

int year;

int month;

int day;

int hour;

int minute;

int second;

}date_time;

typedef struct{

date_time D;/*时间*/

char status; /*接收状态 */

double latitude; /*纬度*/

double longitude; /*经度 */

char NS; /*南北极*/

char EW; /*东西 */

int num; /*卫星数*/

double speed; /*速度 */

double high; /*高度*

}GPS_INFO;

/*********************************************************************************/

getgps.c

/*********************************************************************************/

#include "degps.h"

#include "ingps.h"


static int GetComma(int num,char *str)

{

int i,j=0;

int len=strlen(str);

for(i=0;i

{

if(str[i]==',')

j++;

if(j==num)

return i+1; /*返回当前找到的逗号位置的下一个位置*/

}

return 0;

}


static double get_double_number(char *s)

{

char buf[128];

int i;

double rev;

i=GetComma(1,s); /*得到数据长度 */

strncpy(buf,s,i);

buf[i]=0; /*加字符串结束标志*/

rev=atof(buf); /*字符串转float */

return rev;

}


static int get_int_number(char *s)

{

char buf[128];

int i;

double rev;

i=GetComma(1,s); /*得到数据长度*/

strncpy(buf,s,i);

buf[i]=0; /*加字符串结束标志 */

rev=atoi(buf); /*字符串转float */

return rev;

}

static void UTC2BTC(date_time *GPS)

{

/*如果秒号先出,再出时间数据,则将时间数据+1秒 */

GPS->second++; /*加一秒*/

if(GPS->second>59){

GPS->second=0;

GPS->minute++;

if(GPS->minute>59){

GPS->minute=0;

GPS->hour++;

}

}

GPS->hour+=8; /*北京时间跟UTC时间相隔8小时 */

if(GPS->hour>23)

{

GPS->hour-=24;

GPS->day+=1;

if(GPS->month==2 ||GPS->month==4 ||GPS->month==6 ||GPS->month==9 ||GPS->month==11 ){

if(GPS->day>30){ /*上述几个月份是30天每月,2月份还不足30*/

GPS->day=1;

GPS->month++;

}

}

else{

if(GPS->day>31){ /*剩下的几个月份都是31天每月 */

GPS->day=1;

GPS->month++;

}

}

if(GPS->year % 4 == 0 ){

if(GPS->day > 29 && GPS->month ==2){ /*闰年的二月是29天*/

GPS->day=1;

GPS->month++;

}

}

else{

if(GPS->day>28 &&GPS->month ==2){ /*其他的二月是28天每月*/

GPS->day=1;

GPS->month++;

}

}

if(GPS->month>12){

GPS->month-=12;

GPS->year++;

}

}

}


void gps_parse(char *line,GPS_INFO *GPS)

{

int tmp;

char c;

char* buf=line;

c=buf[5];

if(c=='C')/* "GPRMC" */

{

GPS->D.hour =(buf[7]-'0')*10+(buf[8]-'0');

GPS->D.minute =(buf[9]-'0')*10+(buf[10]-'0');

GPS->D.second =(buf[11]-'0')*10+(buf[12]-'0');

tmp = GetComma(9,buf); /*得到第9个逗号的下一字符序号*/

GPS->D.day =(buf[tmp+0]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+1]-'0');

GPS->D.month =(buf[tmp+2]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+3]-'0');

GPS->D.year =(buf[tmp+4]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+5]-'0')+2000;

/*********************************************************/

GPS->status =buf[GetComma(2,buf)]; /*状态*/

GPS->latitude =get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(3,buf)]); /*纬度*/

GPS->NS =buf[GetComma(4,buf)]; /*南北纬 */

GPS->longitude=get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(5,buf)]); /*经度*/

GPS->EW =buf[GetComma(6,buf)]; /*东西经 */

UTC2BTC(&GPS->D); /*转北京时间*/

}

if(c=='A') /*"$GPGGA" */

{

GPS->high =get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(9,buf)]);

GPS->num =get_int_number(&buf[GetComma(7,buf)]);

}

}


voidshow_gps(GPS_INFO *GPS)

{

printf("年份 : %ld-d-d\n",GPS->D.year,GPS->D.month,GPS->D.day);

printf("时间 : d:d:d\n",GPS->D.hour,GPS->D.minute,GPS->D.second);

printf("纬度 : %s .4f\n",(GPS->NS=='N')?"北纬":"南纬",GPS->latitude);

printf("经度 : %s .4f\n",(GPS->EW=='W')?"西经":"东经",GPS->longitude);

printf("卫星数 : d\n",GPS->num);

printf("高度 : %.4f\n",GPS->high);

printf("状态 : %s\n",(GPS->status=='A')?"定位":"导航");

printf("--------------------\n");

}


int set_opt(int fd,int nSpeed, int nBits, char nEvent, int nStop)

{

struct termios newtio,oldtio;

if ( tcgetattr( fd,&oldtio) != 0) {

perror("SetupSerial 1");

return -1;

}

bzero( &newtio, sizeof( newtio ) );

newtio.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD;

newtio.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;

switch( nBits )

{

case 7:

newtio.c_cflag |= CS7;

break;

case 8:

newtio.c_cflag |= CS8;

break;

}

switch( nEvent )

{

case 'o':

case 'O':

newtio.c_cflag |= PARENB;

newtio.c_cflag |= PARODD;

newtio.c_iflag |= (INPCK | ISTRIP);

break;

case 'e':

case 'E':

newtio.c_iflag |= (INPCK | ISTRIP);

newtio.c_cflag |= PARENB;

newtio.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;

break;

case 'n':

case 'N':

newtio.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;

break;

case 's':

case 'S':

newtio.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;

newtio.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;

break;

default:

printf("Unsupported parity\n");

return -1;

}

switch( nSpeed )

{

case 2400:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B2400);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B2400);

break;

case 4800:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B4800);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B4800);

break;

case 9600:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B9600);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B9600);

break;

case 115200:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B115200);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B115200);

break;

case 460800:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B460800);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B460800);

break;

default:

cfsetispeed(&newtio, B9600);

cfsetospeed(&newtio, B9600);

break;

}

if( nStop == 1 )

newtio.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;

else if ( nStop == 2 )

newtio.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;

newtio.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;/*超时 重要*/

newtio.c_cc[VMIN] = 100;/*返回的最小值 重要*/

tcflush(fd,TCIFLUSH);

if((tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&newtio))!=0)

{

perror("com set error");

return -1;

}

return 0;

}


int Get_GPSData(char* gpd,char* buf,char* tar_value)

{

char *pos = NULL;

int cur = 0,counter=1,i =0;

pos = strstr(buf,gpd);

if(pos == NULL){

return counter;

}

cur = pos - buf;

tar_value[0]='$';

for(i = cur; i < BUFLEN; i++){

if(buf[i]!='$' && buf[i]!='\n' ){

tar_value[counter]=buf[i];

counter++;

} else{

tar_value[counter]='\0';

break;

}

}

return counter;

}


int main(void)

{

GPS_INFO GPS;

int fd1,nset1,nread;

char buf[BUFLEN],tar_value[512];


fd1 = open(TTYUSB, O_RDWR);/*打开串口*/

if (fd1 == -1)

exit(1);

nset1 = set_opt(fd1,BAUD_RATE, DATA_BITS, NEVENT, NSTOP);/*设置串口属性*/

if (nset1 == -1)

exit(1);

while(1)

{

memset(buf,0,BUFLEN);

memset(tar_value,0,sizeof(tar_value));

nread = read(fd1, buf, BUFLEN);/*读串口*/

if (nread > 0){

if(Get_GPSData("GPGGA",buf,tar_value) <70){

sleep(2);

continue;

}

gps_parse(tar_value,&GPS);

memset(tar_value,0,sizeof(tar_value));

if(Get_GPSData("GPRMC",buf,tar_value) <70){

sleep(2);

continue;

}

gps_parse(tar_value,&GPS);

show_gps(&GPS);

}

sleep(2);/*睡眠,等待数据多一点 */

}

close(fd1);

return 0;

}

执行结果如下:
年份 : 2014-07-20
时间 : 10:16:20
纬度 : 北纬 3913.6049
经度 : 东经 10154.0622
卫星数 : 05
高度 : 449.3000
状态 : 定位

参考文:http://www.cnblogs.com/tianciliangen/p/3796701.html ,http://blog.csdn.net/zhandoushi1982/article/details/7947682


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