如何基于PyQt5制作数据处理小工具

小编给大家分享一下如何基于PyQt5制作数据处理小工具，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧！

需求分析：

现在有一大堆的Excel数据文件，需要根据每个Excel数据文件里面的Sheet批量将数据文件合并成为一个汇总后的Excel数据文件。或者是将一个汇总后的Excel数据文件按照Sheet拆分成很多个Excel数据文件。根据上面的需求，我们先来进行UI界面的布局设计。

导入UI界面设计相关的PyQt5模块

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *from PyQt5.QtCore import *from PyQt5.QtGui import *

应用操作相关的模块

import sysimport os

excel 数据处理模块

import openpyxl as pxlimport pandas as pd

看一下 UI 界面的功能和布局，感觉还可以...

下面是布局相关的代码块实例

    def init_ui(self):        self.setWindowTitle('Excel数据汇总/拆分器  公众号：[Python 集中营]')        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('数据.ico'))        self.brower = QTextBrowser()        self.brower.setReadOnly(True)        self.brower.setFont(QFont('宋体', 8))        self.brower.setPlaceholderText('批量数据处理进度显示区域...')        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()        self.excels = QLineEdit()        self.excels.setReadOnly(True)        self.excels_btn = QPushButton()        self.excels_btn.setText('加载批文件')        self.excels_btn.clicked.connect(self.excels_btn_click)        self.oprate_type = QLabel()        self.oprate_type.setText('操作类型')        self.oprate_combox = QComboBox()        self.oprate_combox.addItems(['数据合并', '数据拆分'])        self.data_type = QLabel()        self.data_type.setText('合并/拆分')        self.data_combox = QComboBox()        self.data_combox.addItems(['按照Sheet拆分'])        self.new_file_path = QLineEdit()        self.new_file_path.setReadOnly(True)        self.new_file_path_btn = QPushButton()        self.new_file_path_btn.setText('新文件路径')        self.new_file_path_btn.clicked.connect(self.new_file_path_btn_click)        self.thread_ = DataThread(self)        self.thread_.trigger.connect(self.update_log)        self.thread_.finished.connect(self.finished)        self.start_btn = QPushButton()        self.start_btn.setText('开始数据汇总/拆分')        self.start_btn.clicked.connect(self.start_btn_click)        form = QFormLayout()        form.addRow(self.excels, self.excels_btn)        form.addRow(self.oprate_type, self.oprate_combox)        form.addRow(self.data_type, self.data_combox)        form.addRow(self.new_file_path, self.new_file_path_btn)        vbox = QVBoxLayout()        vbox.addLayout(form)        vbox.addWidget(self.start_btn)        hbox = QHBoxLayout()        hbox.addWidget(self.brower)        hbox.addLayout(vbox)        self.setLayout(hbox)

槽函数 update_log，将运行过程通过文本浏览器的方式实时展示，方便查看程序的运行。

  def update_log(self, text):        cursor = self.brower.textCursor()        cursor.movePosition(QTextCursor.End)        self.brower.append(text)        self.brower.setTextCursor(cursor)        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()

槽函数 excels_btn_click，绑定到文件加载按钮，处理源文件的加载过程。

 def excels_btn_click(self):        paths = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(self, '选择文件', os.getcwd(), 'Excel File(*.xlsx)')        files = paths[0]        path_strs = ''        for file in files:            path_strs = path_strs + file + ';'        self.excels.setText(path_strs)        self.update_log('已经完成批文件路径加载！')

槽函数 new_file_path_btn_click，选择新文件要保存的路径。

 def new_file_path_btn_click(self):        directory = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, '选择文件夹', os.getcwd())        self.new_file_path.setText(directory)

槽函数 start_btn_click，绑定到开始按钮上，使用开始按钮启动子线程工作。

    def start_btn_click(self):        self.start_btn.setEnabled(False)        self.thread_.start()

函数 finished，这个函数是用来接收子线程传过来的运行完成的信号，通过判断使子线程执行完成时让开始按钮处于可以点击的状态。

 def finished(self, finished):        if finished is True:            self.start_btn.setEnabled(True)

下面是最重要的逻辑处理部分，将所有的逻辑处理相关的部分全部放到子线程中去执行。

class DataThread(QThread):    trigger = pyqtSignal(str)    finished = pyqtSignal(bool)    def __init__(self, parent=None):        super(DataThread, self).__init__(parent)        self.parent = parent        self.working = True    def __del__(self):        self.working = False        self.wait()    def run(self):        self.trigger.emit('启动批量处理子线程...')        oprate_type = self.parent.oprate_combox.currentText().strip()        data_type = self.parent.data_combox.currentText().strip()        files = self.parent.excels.text().strip()        new_file_path = self.parent.new_file_path.text()        if data_type == '按照Sheet拆分' and oprate_type == '数据合并':            self.merge_data(files=files, new_file_path=new_file_path)        elif data_type == '按照Sheet拆分' and oprate_type == '数据拆分':            self.split_data(files=files, new_file_path=new_file_path)        else:            pass        self.trigger.emit('数据处理完成...')        self.finished.emit(True)    def merge_data(self, files, new_file_path):        num = 1        new_file = new_file_path + '/数据汇总.xlsx'        writer = pd.ExcelWriter(new_file)        for file in files.split(';'):            if file.strip() != '':                web_sheet = pxl.load_workbook(file)                sheets = web_sheet.sheetnames                for sheet in sheets:                    sheet_name = sheet.title()                    self.trigger.emit('准备处理工作表名称：' + str(sheet.title()))                    data_frame = pd.read_excel(file, sheet_name=sheet_name)                    sheet_name = sheet_name + 'TO数据合并' + str(num)                    data_frame.to_excel(writer, sheet_name, index=False)                    num = num + 1            else:                self.trigger.emit('当前路径为空，继续...')        writer.save()        writer.close()    def split_data(self, files, new_file_path):        num = 1        for file in files.split(';'):            if file.strip() != '':                web_sheet = pxl.load_workbook(file)                sheets = web_sheet.sheetnames                for sheet in sheets:                    sheet_name = sheet.title()                    self.trigger.emit('准备处理工作表名称：' + str(sheet.title()))                    data_frame = pd.read_excel(file, sheet_name=sheet_name)                    writer = pd.ExcelWriter(new_file_path + '/数据拆分' + str(num) + '.xlsx')                    data_frame.to_excel(writer, '数据拆分', index=False)                    writer.save()                    writer.close()                    num = num + 1            else:                self.trigger.emit('当前路径为空，继续...')

上面就是主要的代码块实现过程，有需要的可以参考一下。欢迎大佬在评论区进行留言。

搞了一个程序运行效果图，看一下执行效果。

完整代码

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# @author Python 集中营# @date 2022/1/12# @file test8.py# done# 数据处理小工具：Excel 批量数据文件拆分/整合器# 需求分析：# 现在有一大堆的Excel数据文件，需要根据每个Excel数据文件里面的Sheet批量将数据文件# 合并成为一个汇总后的Excel数据文件。# 或者是将一个汇总后的Excel数据文件按照Sheet拆分成很多个Excel数据文件。# 根据上面的需求，我们先来进行UI界面的布局设计。# 导入UI界面设计相关的PyQt5模块from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *from PyQt5.QtCore import *from PyQt5.QtGui import *# 应用操作相关的模块import sysimport os# excel 数据处理模块import openpyxl as pxlimport pandas as pdclass ExcelDataMerge(QWidget):    def __init__(self):        super(ExcelDataMerge, self).__init__()        self.init_ui()    def init_ui(self):        self.setWindowTitle('Excel数据汇总/拆分器  公众号：[Python 集中营]')        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('数据.ico'))        self.brower = QTextBrowser()        self.brower.setReadOnly(True)        self.brower.setFont(QFont('宋体', 8))        self.brower.setPlaceholderText('批量数据处理进度显示区域...')        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()        self.excels = QLineEdit()        self.excels.setReadOnly(True)        self.excels_btn = QPushButton()        self.excels_btn.setText('加载批文件')        self.excels_btn.clicked.connect(self.excels_btn_click)        self.oprate_type = QLabel()        self.oprate_type.setText('操作类型')        self.oprate_combox = QComboBox()        self.oprate_combox.addItems(['数据合并', '数据拆分'])        self.data_type = QLabel()        self.data_type.setText('合并/拆分')        self.data_combox = QComboBox()        self.data_combox.addItems(['按照Sheet拆分'])        self.new_file_path = QLineEdit()        self.new_file_path.setReadOnly(True)        self.new_file_path_btn = QPushButton()        self.new_file_path_btn.setText('新文件路径')        self.new_file_path_btn.clicked.connect(self.new_file_path_btn_click)        self.thread_ = DataThread(self)        self.thread_.trigger.connect(self.update_log)        self.thread_.finished.connect(self.finished)        self.start_btn = QPushButton()        self.start_btn.setText('开始数据汇总/拆分')        self.start_btn.clicked.connect(self.start_btn_click)        form = QFormLayout()        form.addRow(self.excels, self.excels_btn)        form.addRow(self.oprate_type, self.oprate_combox)        form.addRow(self.data_type, self.data_combox)        form.addRow(self.new_file_path, self.new_file_path_btn)        vbox = QVBoxLayout()        vbox.addLayout(form)        vbox.addWidget(self.start_btn)        hbox = QHBoxLayout()        hbox.addWidget(self.brower)        hbox.addLayout(vbox)        self.setLayout(hbox)    def update_log(self, text):        cursor = self.brower.textCursor()        cursor.movePosition(QTextCursor.End)        self.brower.append(text)        self.brower.setTextCursor(cursor)        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()    def excels_btn_click(self):        paths = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(self, '选择文件', os.getcwd(), 'Excel File(*.xlsx)')        files = paths[0]        path_strs = ''        for file in files:            path_strs = path_strs + file + ';'        self.excels.setText(path_strs)        self.update_log('已经完成批文件路径加载！')    def new_file_path_btn_click(self):        directory = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, '选择文件夹', os.getcwd())        self.new_file_path.setText(directory)    def start_btn_click(self):        self.start_btn.setEnabled(False)        self.thread_.start()    def finished(self, finished):        if finished is True:            self.start_btn.setEnabled(True)class DataThread(QThread):    trigger = pyqtSignal(str)    finished = pyqtSignal(bool)    def __init__(self, parent=None):        super(DataThread, self).__init__(parent)        self.parent = parent        self.working = True    def __del__(self):        self.working = False        self.wait()    def run(self):        self.trigger.emit('启动批量处理子线程...')        oprate_type = self.parent.oprate_combox.currentText().strip()        data_type = self.parent.data_combox.currentText().strip()        files = self.parent.excels.text().strip()        new_file_path = self.parent.new_file_path.text()        if data_type == '按照Sheet拆分' and oprate_type == '数据合并':            self.merge_data(files=files, new_file_path=new_file_path)        elif data_type == '按照Sheet拆分' and oprate_type == '数据拆分':            self.split_data(files=files, new_file_path=new_file_path)        else:            pass        self.trigger.emit('数据处理完成...')        self.finished.emit(True)    def merge_data(self, files, new_file_path):        num = 1        new_file = new_file_path + '/数据汇总.xlsx'        writer = pd.ExcelWriter(new_file)        for file in files.split(';'):            if file.strip() != '':                web_sheet = pxl.load_workbook(file)                sheets = web_sheet.sheetnames                for sheet in sheets:                    sheet_name = sheet.title()                    self.trigger.emit('准备处理工作表名称：' + str(sheet.title()))                    data_frame = pd.read_excel(file, sheet_name=sheet_name)                    sheet_name = sheet_name + 'TO数据合并' + str(num)                    data_frame.to_excel(writer, sheet_name, index=False)                    num = num + 1            else:                self.trigger.emit('当前路径为空，继续...')        writer.save()        writer.close()    def split_data(self, files, new_file_path):        num = 1        for file in files.split(';'):            if file.strip() != '':                web_sheet = pxl.load_workbook(file)                sheets = web_sheet.sheetnames                for sheet in sheets:                    sheet_name = sheet.title()                    self.trigger.emit('准备处理工作表名称：' + str(sheet.title()))                    data_frame = pd.read_excel(file, sheet_name=sheet_name)                    writer = pd.ExcelWriter(new_file_path + '/数据拆分' + str(num) + '.xlsx')                    data_frame.to_excel(writer, '数据拆分', index=False)                    writer.save()                    writer.close()                    num = num + 1            else:                self.trigger.emit('当前路径为空，继续...')if __name__ == '__main__':    app = QApplication(sys.argv)    main = ExcelDataMerge()    main.show()    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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