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Python如何实现获取动态图表

发表于：2024-09-22 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年09月22日，本篇内容介绍了"Python如何实现获取动态图表"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！开发工

千家信息网最后更新 2024年09月22日Python如何实现获取动态图表

本篇内容介绍了"Python如何实现获取动态图表"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！

开发工具

Python版本： 3.6.4

环境搭建

安装Python并添加到环境变量，pip安装需要的相关模块即可。

看一下B站2019年「数据可视化」版块的情况，第一个视频超2百万的播放量，4万+的弹幕

百度指数

获取百度指数，首先需要登陆你的百度账号

以关键词「王者荣耀」为例，时间自定义为2020-10-01～2020-10-10

通过开发者工具，我们就能看到曲线图的数据接口

然而一看请求得到的结果，发现并没有数据，原因是这里使用了JS加密

找到解决方法，成功实现爬取，代码实现

import timeimport jsonimport execjsimport datetimeimport requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencode  def get_data(keywords, startDate, endDate, area):    """    获取加密的参数数据    """    # data_url = "http://index.baidu.com/api/SearchApi/index?area=0&word=[[%7B%22name%22:%22%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%22,%22wordType%22:1%7D]]&startDate=2020-10-01&endDate=2020-10-10"    params = {        'word': json.dumps([[{'name': keyword, 'wordType': 1}] for keyword in keywords]),        'startDate': startDate,        'endDate': endDate,        'area': area    }    data_url = 'http://index.baidu.com/api/SearchApi/index?' + urlencode(params)    # print(data_url)    headers = {        # 复制登录后的cookie        "Cookie": '你的cookie',        "Referer": "http://index.baidu.com/v2/main/index.html",        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"    }     # 获取data和uniqid    res = requests.get(url=data_url, headers=headers).json()    data = res["data"]["userIndexes"][0]["all"]["data"]    uniqid = res["data"]["uniqid"]     # 获取js函数中的参数t = "ev-fxk9T8V1lwAL6,51348+.9270-%"    t_url = "http://index.baidu.com/Interface/ptbk?uniqid={}".format(uniqid)    rep = requests.get(url=t_url, headers=headers).json()    t = rep["data"]    return {"data": data, "t": t}  def get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area):    """    获取最终数据    """    word = word    startDate = startDate    endDate = endDate    # 调用get_data获取data和uniqid    res = get_data(word, startDate, endDate, area)    e = res["data"]    t = res["t"]     # 读取js文件    with open('parsing_data_function.js', encoding='utf-8') as f:        js = f.read()     # 通过compile命令转成一个js对象    docjs = execjs.compile(js)     # 调用function方法,得到指数数值    res = docjs.call('decrypt', t, e)    # print(res)    return res  def get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):    """    获取时间列表    """    dates = []    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")    date = begin_date[:]    while date <= end_date:        dates.append(date)        dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)        date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")    return dates  def get_area():    areas = {"901": "山东", "902": "贵州", "903": "江西", "904": "重庆", "905": "内蒙古", "906": "湖北", "907": "辽宁", "908": "湖南", "909": "福建", "910": "上海", "911": "北京", "912": "广西", "913": "广东", "914": "四川", "915": "云南", "916": "江苏", "917": "浙江", "918": "青海", "919": "宁夏", "920": "河北", "921": "黑龙江", "922": "吉林", "923": "天津", "924": "陕西", "925": "甘肃", "926": "新疆", "927": "河南", "928": "安徽", "929": "山西", "930": "海南", "931": "台湾", "932": "西藏", "933": "香港", "934": "澳门"}    for value in areas.keys():        try:            word = ['王者荣耀']            time.sleep(1)            startDate = '2020-10-01'            endDate = '2020-10-10'            area = value            res = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)            result = res.split(',')            dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)            for num, date in zip(result, dates):                print(areas[value], num, date)                with open('area.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:                    f.write(areas[value] + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')        except:            pass  def get_word():    words = ['诸葛大力', '张伟', '胡一菲', '吕子乔', '陈美嘉', '赵海棠', '咖喱酱', '曾小贤', '秦羽墨']    for word in words:        try:            time.sleep(2)            startDate = '2020-10-01'            endDate = '2020-10-10'            area = 0            res = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)            result = res.split(',')            dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)            for num, date in zip(result, dates):                print(word, num, date)                with open('word.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:                    f.write(word + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')        except:            pass  get_area()get_word()

得到的CSV文件结果如下，有两种形式的数据

一种是多个关键词每日指数数据，另一种是一个关键词各省市每日指数数据

有了数据就可以用Python制作动图

import pandas as pdimport bar_chart_race as bcr # 读取数据# df = pd.read_csv('word.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])df = pd.read_csv('area.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day']) # 数据处理，数据透视表df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0) # 生成GIF# bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='word.gif', title='爱情公寓5演职人员热度排行')bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='area.gif', title='国内各省市王者荣耀热度排行')

微博指数

百度搜索新浪的微博指数，打开网站一看，发现网页版无法使用

我们只需打开开发者工具，将你的浏览器模拟为手机端，刷新网页即可

可以看到，微指数的界面出来了

添加关键词，查看指数的数据接口

请求是Post方法，并且不需要登陆微博账号

import reimport timeimport jsonimport requestsimport datetime  # 请求头信息headers = """accept: application/jsonaccept-encoding: gzip, deflate, braccept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9content-length: 50content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedcookie: '你的cookie'origin: https://data.weibo.comreferer: https://data.weibo.com/index/newindex?visit_type=trend&wid=1011224685661sec-fetch-mode: corssec-fetch-site: same-originuser-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest""" # 将请求头字符串转化为字典headers = dict([line.split(": ",1) for line in headers.split("\n")])print(headers) # 数据接口url = 'https://data.weibo.com/index/ajax/newindex/getchartdata'  # 获取时间列表def get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):    dates = []    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")    date = begin_date[:]    while date <= end_date:        dates.append(date)        dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)        date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")    return dates  # 相关信息names = ['汤唯', '朱亚文', '邓家佳', '乔振宇', '王学圻', '张艺兴', '俞灏明', '吴越', '梁冠华', '李昕亮', '苏可', '孙骁骁', '赵韩樱子', '孙耀琦', '魏巍']  # 获取微指数数据for name in names:    try:        # 获取关键词ID        url_id = 'https://data.weibo.com/index/ajax/newindex/searchword'        data_id = {            'word': name        }        html_id = requests.post(url=url_id, data=data_id, headers=headers)        pattern = re.compile(r'li wid=\\\"(.*?)\\\" word')        id = pattern.findall(html_id.text)[0]         # 接口参数        data = {            'wid': id,            'dateGroup': '1month'        }        time.sleep(2)        # 请求数据        html = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)        result = json.loads(html.text)        # 处理数据        if result['data']:            values = result['data'][0]['trend']['s']            startDate = '2019-01-01'            endDate = '2020-01-01'            dates = result['data'][0]['trend']['x']            # 保存数据            for value, date in zip(values, dates):                print(name, value, date)                with open('weibo.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:                    f.write(name + ',' + str(value) + ',' + date + '\n')    except:        pass

获取到的信息

也来生成一个动态图表

import pandas as pdimport bar_chart_race as bcr # 读取数据df = pd.read_csv('weibo.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day']) # 数据处理，数据透视表df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0)# print(df_result[:10]) # 生成GIFbcr.bar_chart_race(df_result[:10], filename='weibo.gif', title='大明风华演职人员热度排行')

"Python如何实现获取动态图表"的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！

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