3、kvm虚拟机日常管理与配置

KVM虚拟机的管理主要是通过virsh命令对虚拟机进行管理。

1. 查看KVM虚拟机配置文件及运行状态

(1) KVM虚拟机默认配置文件位置: /etc/libvirt/qemu/

autostart目录是配置kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录。

(2) virsh命令帮助

# virsh -help

或直接virsh命令和，再执行子命令。如下所示。

# virsh
欢迎使用 virsh，虚拟化的交互式终端。

输入：'help' 来获得命令的帮助信息
'quit' 退出

virsh # help
……

(3) 查看kvm虚拟机状态

# virsh list --all

2. KVM虚拟机开机

# virsh start kvm008

3. KVM虚拟机关机或断电

(1) 关机

默认情况下virsh工具不能对linux虚拟机进行关机操作，linux操作系统需要开启与启动acpid服务。

在安装KVM linux虚拟机之前必须配置此服务。

# chkconfig acpid on
# service acpid restart

virsh关机

# virsh shutdown kvm008

(2) 强制关闭电源

# virsh destroy kvm08

4. 通过配置文件启动虚拟机

# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

5. 配置开机自启动虚拟机

# virsh autostart kvm008

autostart目录是kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录，可以看到该目录中有KVM配置文件链接。

6. 导出KVM虚拟机配置文件

虚拟机要关机 不然会操作 失败哦~

# virsh dumpxml /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml

KVM虚拟机配置文件可以通过这种方式进行备份。

7. 添加与删除KVM虚拟机

(1) 删除kvm虚拟机

# virsh undefine kvm008

说明：该命令只是删除 kvm008的配置文件，并不删除虚拟磁盘文件。如下图所示。

(2) 重新定义虚拟机配置文件

通过导出备份的配置文件恢复原KVM虚拟机的定义，并重新定义虚拟机。

# mv /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

8. 编辑KVM虚拟机配置文件

# virsh edit kvm08

virsh edit将调用vi命令编辑/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm08.xml配置文件。也可以直接通过vi命令进行编辑，修改，保存。

可以但不建议直接通过vi编辑。

9. virsh console 控制台管理linux虚拟机

虚拟机要开机 才可以

# virsh console kvm08

10. 其它virsh命令

(1) 挂起服务器

# virsh suspend kvm08

(2) 恢复服务器

# virsh resume kvm08

virsh命令丰富。可以执行各种维护任务，本文只是从维护与管理的角度例举了常用的命令，为该命令的使用提供一个思路。

virsh 命令：

virsh # help

Grouped commands:

Domain Management (help keyword 'domain'):

attach-device 从一个XML文件附加装置

attach-disk 附加磁盘设备

attach-interface 获得网络界面

autostart 自动开始一个域

blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters.

blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters

blockcommit Start a block commit operation.

blockcopy Start a block copy operation.

blockjob Manage active block operations

blockpull Populate a disk from its backing p_w_picpath.

blockresize Resize block device of domain.

change-media Change media of CD or floppy drive

console 连接到客户会话

cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU

cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file

cpu-stats show domain cpu statistics

create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个域

define 从一个 XML 文件定义（但不开始）一个域

desc show or set domain's description or title

destroy destroy (stop) a domain

detach-device 从一个 XML 文件分离设备

detach-disk 分离磁盘设备

detach-interface 分离网络界面

domdisplay domain display connection URI

domhostname print the domain's hostname

domid 把一个域名或 UUID 转换为域 id

domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface

domiftune get/set parameters of a virtual interface

domjobabort abort active domain job

domjobinfo domain job information

domname 将域 id 或 UUID 转换为域名

dompmsuspend suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions

dompmwakeup wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state

domuuid 把一个域名或 id 转换为域 UUID

domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML

domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config

dump 把一个域的内核 dump 到一个文件中以方便分析

dumpxml XML 中的域信息

edit 编辑某个域的 XML 配置

inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest

send-key Send keycodes to the guest

managedsave managed save of a domain state

managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain

maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum

memtune Get or set memory parameters

migrate 将域迁移到另一个主机中

migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime

migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth

migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth

numatune Get or set numa parameters

reboot 重新启动一个域

reset reset a domain

restore 从一个存在一个文件中的状态恢复一个域

resume 重新恢复一个域

save 把一个域的状态保存到一个文件

save-p_w_picpath-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file

save-p_w_picpath-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML

save-p_w_picpath-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file

schedinfo 显示/设置日程安排变量

screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file

setmaxmem 改变最大内存限制值

setmem 改变内存的分配

setvcpus 改变虚拟 CPU 的号

shutdown 关闭一个域

start 开始一个（以前定义的）非活跃的域

suspend 挂起一个域

ttyconsole tty 控制台

undefine undefine a domain

update-device update device from an XML file

vcpucount domain vcpu counts

vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information

vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity

emulatorpin control or query domain emulator affinity

vncdisplay vnc 显示

Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor'):

domblkerror Show errors on block devices

domblkinfo domain block device size information

domblklist list all domain blocks

domblkstat 获得域设备块状态

domcontrol domain control interface state

domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface

domiflist list all domain virtual interfaces

domifstat 获得域网络接口状态

dominfo 域信息

dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain

domstate 域状态

list 列出域

Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'):

capabilities 性能

freecell NUMA可用内存

hostname 打印管理程序主机名

node-memory-tune Get or set node memory parameters

nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node.

nodeinfo 节点信息

nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node.

nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration

qemu-attach QEMU Attach

qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command

qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command

sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo

uri 打印管理程序典型的URI

version 显示版本

Interface (help keyword 'interface'):

iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback)

iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it

iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point

iface-define define (but don't start) a physical host interface from an XML file

iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down")

iface-dumpxml interface information in XML

iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface

iface-list list physical host interfaces

iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address

iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name

iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin

iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up")

iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device

iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration)

Network Filter (help keyword 'filter'):

nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file

nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML

nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter

nwfilter-list list network filters

nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter

Networking (help keyword 'network'):

net-autostart 自动开始网络

net-create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个网络

net-define 从一个 XML 文件定义(但不开始)一个网络

net-destroy destroy (stop) a network

net-dumpxml XML 中的网络信息

net-edit 为网络编辑 XML 配置

net-info network information

net-list 列出网络

net-name 把一个网络UUID 转换为网络名

net-start 开始一个(以前定义的)不活跃的网络

net-undefine 取消定义一个非活跃的网络

net-update update parts of an existing network's configuration

net-uuid 把一个网络名转换为网络UUID

Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev'):

nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node

nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node

nodedev-detach detach node device from its device driver

nodedev-dumpxml XML 中的节点设备详情

nodedev-list 这台主机中中的枚举设备

nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver

nodedev-reset 重置节点设备

Secret (help keyword 'secret'):

secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file

secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML

secret-get-value Output a secret value

secret-list list secrets

secret-set-value set a secret value

secret-undefine undefine a secret

Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot'):

snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML

snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args

snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot

snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot

snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot

snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot

snapshot-info snapshot information

snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain

snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot

snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot

Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool'):

find-storage-pool-sources-as 找到潜在存储池源

find-storage-pool-sources 发现潜在存储池源

pool-autostart 自动启动某个池

pool-build 建立池

pool-create-as 从一组变量中创建一个池

pool-create 从一个 XML 文件中创建一个池

pool-define-as 在一组变量中定义池

pool-define 在一个 XML 文件中定义（但不启动）一个池

pool-delete 删除池

pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool

pool-dumpxml XML 中的池信息

pool-edit 为存储池编辑 XML 配置

pool-info 存储池信息

pool-list 列出池

pool-name 将池 UUID 转换为池名称

pool-refresh 刷新池

pool-start 启动一个（以前定义的）非活跃的池

pool-undefine 取消定义一个不活跃的池

pool-uuid 把一个池名称转换为池 UUID

Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume'):

vol-clone clone a volume.

vol-create-as 从一组变量中创建卷

vol-create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个卷

vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input

vol-delete 删除卷

vol-download download volume contents to a file

vol-dumpxml XML 中的卷信息

vol-info 存储卷信息

vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path

vol-list 列出卷

vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path

vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key

vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path

vol-resize resize a vol

vol-upload upload file contents to a volume

vol-wipe wipe a vol

Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh'):

cd change the current directory

connect 连接（重新连接）到 hypervisor

echo echo arguments

exit 退出这个非交互式终端

help 打印帮助

pwd print the current directory

quit 退出这个非交互式终端