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Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令

发表于：2024-12-12 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月12日，本篇内容主要讲解"Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令"，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令"吧!执行环境：u

千家信息网最后更新 2024年12月12日Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令

本篇内容主要讲解"Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令"，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"Linux常用查看系统硬件信息的命令"吧!

执行环境：ubuntu 16.04

1. cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.

root@ubuntu:/home/peng/# lscpu Architecture:          x86_64            #cpu架构 CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order:            Little Endian     #小尾序 CPU(s):                1                 #总共有1核    On-line CPU(s) list:   0 Thread(s) per core:    1                 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程  Core(s) per socket:    1 Socket(s):             1 NUMA node(s):          1 Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel     #cpu产商 intel CPU family:            6 Model:                 158 Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz Stepping:              9 CPU MHz:               3408.070 BogoMIPS:              6816.14 Hypervisor vendor:     VMware Virtualization type:   full             #支持cpu虚拟化技术 L1d cache:             32K L1i cache:             32K L2 cache:              256K L3 cache:              6144K NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model  : 158 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x48 cpu MHz  : 3408.070 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id  : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid  : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu  : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp  : yes .....

2. 内存

概要查看内存情况

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# free -m               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available Mem:           1970         702         315          13         952        1025 Swap:           974          20         954

这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是1970MB。

查看内存详细使用

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/meminfo  MemTotal:        2017516 kB MemFree:          242020 kB MemAvailable:    1003240 kB Buffers:          104192 kB Cached:           699824 kB SwapCached:         1832 kB Active:           696320 kB Inactive:         639924 kB Active(anon):     236412 kB Inactive(anon):   301996 kB Active(file):     459908 kB Inactive(file):   337928 kB Unevictable:          48 kB Mlocked:              48 kB .....

查看内存硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 3.0                                                                                                                                                                                  Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present.   Handle 0x0084, DMI type 5, 46 bytes Memory Controller Information     Error Detecting Method: None     Error Correcting Capabilities:          None     Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave     Current Interleave: One-way Interleave     Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB     Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB     Supported Speeds:         70 ns         60 ns     Supported Memory Types:         FPM         EDO         DIMM         SDRAM     Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V     Associated Memory Slots: 15 .....

内存最大值是 491520 MB。

3. 磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsblk NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom   sda      8:0    0  500G  0 disk  ├─sda2   8:2    0    1K  0 part  ├─sda5   8:5    0  975M  0 part [SWAP] └─sda1   8:1    0  499G  0 part /

查看硬盘和分区的详细信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x9c674a44  Device     Boot      Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type /dev/sda1  *          2048 1046575103 1046573056  499G 83 Linux /dev/sda2       1046577150 1048573951    1996802  975M  5 Extended /dev/sda5       1046577152 1048573951    1996800  975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

4. 网卡

查看网卡硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

查看系统的所有网络接口

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ifconfig -a ens33     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40             inet addr:192.168.0.117  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::76fa:5548:3da0:2ef/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:174629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:105285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:237519396 (237.5 MB)  TX bytes:9592767 (9.5 MB)  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback             inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1           RX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB)  TX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB)

或者是

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ip link show 1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000     link/ether 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

或者

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如ens33的详细参数和指标

【有的ubuntu网口是eth0】

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ethtool ens33 Settings for ens33:  Supported ports: [ TP ]  Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full                           100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式                          1000baseT/Full   Supported pause frame use: No  Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式  Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full                           100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full                           1000baseT/Full   Advertised pause frame use: No  Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes  Speed: 1000Mb/s #网卡的速度是1000Mb  Duplex: Full    #全双工  Port: Twisted Pair  PHYAD: 0  Transceiver: internal  Auto-negotiation: on  MDI-X: off (auto)  Supports Wake-on: d  Wake-on: d  Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)           drv probe link  Link detected: yes   #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

5. pci

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci  00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge (rev 04)  00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge(rev 04)  00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #1) (rev 02)  00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #2) (rev 02)  00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 42)  00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801CAM ISA Bridge (LPC) (rev 02)  00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801CAM IDE U100 (rev 02)  00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM SMBus Controller (rev 02)  00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller:Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02)  00:1f.6 Modem: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Modem Controller (rev 02)  01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go](rev a3)  02:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. IEEE 1394 Host Controller(rev 46)  02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+(rev 10)  02:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01)  02:04.1 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01)

由上述的输出可以看到，我的电脑上共有3个PCI总线(0号，1号，2号)。在单个系统上，插入多个总线是通过桥(bridge)来完成的，桥是一种用来连接总线的特殊PCI外设。所以，PCI系统的整体布局组织为树型，我们可以通过上面的lspci输出，来画出我的电脑上的PCI系统的树型结构：

00:00.0(主桥）--00:01.0(PCI桥）-----01:00:0(nVidia显卡）                    |                    |---00:1d(USB控制器)--00:1d:0(USB1号控制器）                    |                    |                    |                    |--00:1d:1(USB2号控制器）                    |                    |-00:1e:0(PCI桥)--02:00.0(IEEE1394)                    |                |                    |                |-02:01.0(8139网卡）                    |                |                    |                |-02:04(CardBus桥)-02:04.0(桥1）                    |                                   |                    |                                   |--02:04.1(桥2)                    |                    |-00:1f(多功能板卡)-00:1f:0(ISA桥）                                         |                                         |--00:1f:1(IDE接口)                                         |                                         |--00:1f:3(SMBus)                                         |                                         |--00:1f:5(多媒体声音控制器)                                         |                                         |--00:1f:6(调制解调器)

由上图可以得出，我的电脑上共有8个PCI设备，其中0号总线上(主桥)上连有4个，1号总线上连有1个，2号总线上连有3个。00:1f是一个连有5个功能的多功能板卡。

如果要更详细的信息:

lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看设备树:lscpi -t

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci -t

6. usb

查看usb信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

lsusb -t查看系统中的USB拓扑，类似cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb -t /:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M     |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M     |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/7p, 12M /:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M

/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids还保存了很多设备商的VID信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids | grep King  7778  Counterfeit flash drive [Kingston]  0100  Kingston Flash Drive (128MB)  c010  Kingston FCR-HS2/ATA Card Reader 07cb  Kingmax Technology, Inc.  4100  Kingsun SF-620 Infrared Adapter  4959  Kingsun KS-959 Infrared Adapter  0015  Kingston DataTraveler ELITE  0016  Kingston DataTraveler U3  0998  Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver  0999  Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver  6519  Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 USB Stick  653c  Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (512M)  653d  Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (1GB)  6544  TransMemory-Mini / Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (2GB)  6545  Kingston DataTraveler 102/2.0 / HEMA Flash Drive 2 GB / PNY Attache 4GB Stick 0951  Kingston Technology 0d8a  King Jim Co., Ltd  00a3  Smart King PRO Uninterruptible Power Supply (HID PDC) 0e56  Kingston Technology Company, Inc. 0f8e  Kingnet Technology Co., Ltd 13fe  Kingston Technology Company Inc.  1f00  Kingston DataTraveler / Patriot Xporter 1687  Kingmax Digital Inc. 16df  King Billion Electronics Co., Ltd.  2149  EntropyKing Random Number Generator

lsusb -v查看系统中USB设备的详细信息

lsusb -v

7. lshw查看所有硬件摘要信息

下面命令可以查看所有硬件摘要信息，并输出成一个html文件，把此html文件导出到电脑上，直接打开，可以清楚的看到硬件信息：

lshw -html > /hardware.html

8. lsscsi查看SCSI控制器设备的信息

可以看到SCSI信息和所有虚拟磁盘以及光驱的信息，如果没有硬件SCSI控制器，那就不会返回信息：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0]    disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sda  [4:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00  /dev/sr0

插入一个U盘后再查看：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0]    disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sda  [4:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00  /dev/sr0  [33:0:0:0]   disk    Kingston DataTraveler G2  1.00  /dev/sdb

可以看到U盘为Kingston。

9. 查看bios信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present.  Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information  Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD  Version: 6.00  Release Date: 07/29/2019  Address: 0xEA480  Runtime Size: 88960 bytes  ROM Size: 64 kB  Characteristics:   ISA is supported   PCI is supported   PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported   PNP is supported   APM is supported   BIOS is upgradeable   BIOS shadowing is allowed   ESCD support is available   Boot from CD is supported   Selectable boot is supported   EDD is supported   Print screen service is supported (int 5h)   8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)   Serial services are supported (int 14h)   Printer services are supported (int 17h)   CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)   ACPI is supported   Smart battery is supported   BIOS boot specification is supported   Function key-initiated network boot is supported   Targeted content distribution is supported  BIOS Revision: 4.6  Firmware Revision: 0.0

dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

如果要查看所有有用信息