Android存储访问框架怎么使用
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存储访问框架,简称:SAF, 就是系统文件选择器+文件操作API。先选择文件,在用文件操作API处理文件。系统文件选择器,就和Windows的文件选择框一样。
其实绝大多数app,都不会使用这个东西,因为太不方便了。图片,视频,普通文件,需要用户去翻文件夹找,这样的用户体验实在太差了。所以大家都是用第三方的或者自己写一个文件选择器。
之所以讲SAF,一,是因为Android11以后,使用MediaStore无法访问到非多媒体文件了,需要依赖SAF了。二,外卡和SD卡的操作依赖于存储访问框架授权。
打开系统文件选择器与文件过滤
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); intent.setType("application/*"); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE)
setType的值是mime type, 可以是"image/*", "*/*", 其中*是通配符。"image/*"代码所有类型的图片。"*/*"代表所有类型的文件。
当只需要打开几种文件类型时,可以用Intent.EXTRA_MIME_TYPES。同时setType设成"*/*"。
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); intent.setType("*/*"); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_MIME_TYPES, new String[] { "application/pdf", // .pdf "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text", // .odt "text/plain" // .txt }); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE)
Intent.ACTION_PICK和ACTION_GET_CONTENT,也可以打开文件选择框。ACTION_GET_CONTENT更加宽泛,除了文件其他类型的内容还可以取。
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI); intent.setType("image/*");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); intent.setType("image/*")
下面列举了所有的mime type:
private static final String[][] MIME_TYPES = new String[][]{ {"3gp", "video/3gpp"}, {"apk", "application/vnd.android.package-archive"}, {"asf", "video/x-ms-asf"}, {"avi", "video/x-msvideo"}, {"bin", "application/octet-stream"}, {"bmp", "image/bmp"}, {"c", "text/plain"}, {"class", "application/octet-stream"}, {"conf", "text/plain"}, {"cpp", "text/plain"}, {"doc", "application/msword"}, {"docx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}, {"xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel"}, {"xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"}, {"exe", "application/octet-stream"}, {"gif", "image/gif"}, {"gtar", "application/x-gtar"}, {"gz", "application/x-gzip"}, {"h", "text/plain"}, {"htm", "text/html"}, {"html", "text/html"}, {"jar", "application/java-archive"}, {"java", "text/plain"}, {"jpeg", "image/jpeg"}, {"jpg", "image/jpeg"}, {"js", "application/x-JavaScript"}, {"log", "text/plain"}, {"m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"}, {"m4a", "audio/mp4a-latm"}, {"m4b", "audio/mp4a-latm"}, {"m4p", "audio/mp4a-latm"}, {"ape", "audio/ape"}, {"flac", "audio/flac"}, {"m4u", "video/vnd.mpegurl"}, {"m4v", "video/x-m4v"}, {"mov", "video/quicktime"}, {"mp2", "audio/x-mpeg"}, {"mp3", "audio/x-mpeg"}, {"mp4", "video/mp4"}, {"mkv", "video/x-matroska"}, {"flv", "video/x-flv"}, {"divx", "video/x-divx"}, {"mpa", "video/mpeg"}, {"mpc", "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate"}, {"mpe", "video/mpeg"}, {"mpeg", "video/mpeg"}, {"mpg", "video/mpeg"}, {"mpg4", "video/mp4"}, {"mpga", "audio/mpeg"}, {"msg", "application/vnd.ms-outlook"}, {"ogg", "audio/ogg"}, {"pdf", "application/pdf"}, {"png", "image/png"}, {"pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"}, {"ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"}, {"pptx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"}, {"prop", "text/plain"}, {"rc", "text/plain"}, {"rmvb", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"}, {"rtf", "application/rtf"}, {"sh", "text/plain"}, {"tar", "application/x-tar"}, {"tgz", "application/x-compressed"}, {"txt", "text/plain"}, {"wav", "audio/x-wav"}, {"wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"}, {"wmv", "audio/x-ms-wmv"}, {"wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"}, {"xml", "text/plain"}, {"z", "application/x-compress"}, {"zip", "application/x-zip-compressed"}, {"rar", "application/x-rar"}, {"", "*/*"} };
打开指定文件夹
利用DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI,在打开文件选择器的时候,跳转到指定文件夹。只有android 8以上才行。
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.externalstorage.documents/document/primary:Download");Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);intent.setType("*/*");intent.putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, uri);startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
文件夹权限申请
当需要读取非公共文件夹里面的文件时,可以申请授权,授权后保存Uri,之后可以拼接这个Uri操作文件夹里的所有文件。
尤其是SD卡,从Android 5 开始文件的修改删除必须先授权,且必须通过SVF框架接口才能操作。
可以使用EXTRA_INITIAL_URI,打开指定文件夹,让用户授权
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE); Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.externalstorage.documents/document/primary:Download"); intent.putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, uri); startActivityForResult(intent)
需要注意的是,Android 11以后,无法授权访问存储根目录,以及Download/,Android/, 这两个文件夹也无法授权。
创建文件夹
创建文件夹有两个情况,一个是在已授权的文件夹下,可以使用SVF框架API。
DocumentsContract.createDocument()
还有一种是在无授权的文件夹下创建,那么可以直接指定类型和名字,通过跳系统选择框创建。
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT); intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); intent.setType("application/txt"); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TITLE, "testfile.txt"); startActivityForResult(intent)
存储访问框架API
存储访问框架API,都在DocumentsContract里面,典型的有:
public static @Nullable Uri renameDocument(@NonNull ContentResolver content, @NonNull Uri documentUri, @NonNull String displayName) throws FileNotFoundException { } /** * Delete the given document. * * @param documentUri document with {@link Document#FLAG_SUPPORTS_DELETE} * @return if the document was deleted successfully. */ public static boolean deleteDocument(@NonNull ContentResolver content, @NonNull Uri documentUri) throws FileNotFoundException { } /** * Copies the given document. * * @param sourceDocumentUri document with {@link Document#FLAG_SUPPORTS_COPY} * @param targetParentDocumentUri document which will become a parent of the source * document's copy. * @return the copied document, or {@code null} if failed. */ public static @Nullable Uri copyDocument(@NonNull ContentResolver content, @NonNull Uri sourceDocumentUri, @NonNull Uri targetParentDocumentUri) throws FileNotFoundException { } /** * Moves the given document under a new parent. * * @param sourceDocumentUri document with {@link Document#FLAG_SUPPORTS_MOVE} * @param sourceParentDocumentUri parent document of the document to move. * @param targetParentDocumentUri document which will become a new parent of the source * document. * @return the moved document, or {@code null} if failed. */ public static @Nullable Uri moveDocument(@NonNull ContentResolver content, @NonNull Uri sourceDocumentUri, @NonNull Uri sourceParentDocumentUri, @NonNull Uri targetParentDocumentUri) throws FileNotFoundException { } /** * Removes the given document from a parent directory. * *In contrast to {@link #deleteDocument} it requires specifying the parent. * This method is especially useful if the document can be in multiple parents. * * @param documentUri document with {@link Document#FLAG_SUPPORTS_REMOVE} * @param parentDocumentUri parent document of the document to remove. * @return true if the document was removed successfully. */ public static boolean removeDocument(@NonNull ContentResolver content, @NonNull Uri documentUri, @NonNull Uri parentDocumentUri) throws FileNotFoundException { }
获取文件夹文件
使用DocumentFile类获取文件夹里文件列表。
private ActivityResultLauncher
下面的代码演示了,使用SVF读取文件内容,写内容,通过MediaStore查询文件属性。
private ActivityResultLauncher
使用MediaStore.getMediaUri(documentUri)可以转换,MediaStore Uri 和 Document Uri。通过MediaStore Uri中的数据库id,就可以查询文件的所有属性了。
MediaStore Uri:content://media/external_primary/file/101750
Document Uri: content://com.android.externalstorage.documents/tree/primary%3AAuthSDK
另外,
非公共目录下不能用File API操作的,即使通过SVF授权了, READ_EXTRNAL_PERMISSION的权限也给了。还是会抛出FileNotFoundException, 并且显示permission deny。
和MediaStore API的不同
存储访问框架API和MediaStore API的差异,在于存储访问框架API,是基于系统文件选择框的,用户选择了文件,那么相当于授权了, 可以访问所有类型的文件。而MediaStore的特点是可以查询出所有文件,但是开启分区存储后,只能查处多媒体文件,其他类型文件是不可以的。
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