MySQL执行计划explain的key_len解析
发表于：2024-11-24 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月24日，作者 ：沃趣科技高级数据库专家 邱文辉 前言 当用Explain查看SQL的执行计划时，里面有列显示了 key_len 的值，根据这个值可以判断索引的长度，在组合索引里面可以更清楚的了解到了哪部分字段
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月24日MySQL执行计划explain的key_len解析
作者 ：沃趣科技高级数据库专家 邱文辉
前言 当用Explain查看SQL的执行计划时，里面有列显示了 key_len 的值，根据这个值可以判断索引的长度，在组合索引里面可以更清楚的了解到了哪部分字段使用到了索引。下面演示中，表结构的合理性这边暂且不说，只是证明一下索引长度的计算方法。目前大部分博文是字符类型的索引长度计算方法，下面列举几个类型的索引长度计算方法：
1、整数类型 (dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>create index age_index on table_key (age);
来看看tinyint类型的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和 NULL 的时候 分别是1和2,tinyint字段长度为1，因为NULL 需要额外一个字节标记为空
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where age=38;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | age_index | age_index | 1 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify age tinyint(4);
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where age=38;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | age_index | age_index | 2 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
看看bigint类型的索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是8和9,聪明的你应该知道了，bigint长度为8。
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add key sid_index (sid);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 8 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid bigint(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 9 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看smallint类型索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是2和3 smallint长度为2，允许为空需要一个字节标记
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid smallint not null default 0;
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 2 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid smallint ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 3 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看mediumint类型索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是3和4
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid mediumint NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 3 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
（dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid mediumint ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 4 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
整数类型索引长度跟字段长度有关，如果允许为空，需要额外一个字节去标记为空
2.浮点数类型 表结构
CREATE TABLE `table_key1` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`c1` float NOT NULL ,
`c2` double NOT NULL ,
`c3` decimal NOT NULL ,
`c4` date NOT NULL ,
`c5` timestamp NOT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,
`c6` datetime NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)
看看float类型的索引长度，NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是4和5
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c1 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c1_index | c1_index | 4 | const | 8 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c1 float;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c1 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c1_index | c1_index | 5 | const | 8 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看double类型的索引长度，NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是8和9
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 add key c2_index (c2);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c2 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c2_index | c2_index | 8 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c2 double;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c2 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c2_index | c2_index | 9 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
3、看看时间类型 看看date类型的索引长度，在NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是3和4
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c4 = '2015-05-06';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c4_index | c4_index | 3 | const | 4 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c4 date;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c4 = '2015-05-06';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c4_index | c4_index | 4 | const | 4 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
在timestamp类型的时候索引长度，在NOT NULL 和 NULL的时候，分别是4和5
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c5 = '2015-05-06 11:23:21' ;
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c5_index | c5_index | 4 | const | 5 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c5 timestamp ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c5 = '2015-05-06 110:23:21';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c5_index | c5_index | 5 | const | 5 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
##############################在大家认识里datetime是八个字节的长度，下面就来看看，是不是真的这样
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c6 datetime not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c6 = '2015-05-06 11:10:36';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c6_index | c6_index | 5 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c6 datetime null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c6 = '2015-05-06 11:10:36';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c6_index | c6_index | 6 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
颠覆了我们认识，datetime不是8个字节么，下面来看一下MySQL的版本，没错MySQL5.6是datetime长度是5个字节
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.22, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database: mytest
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.22-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: gbk
Db characterset: gbk
Client characterset: gbk
Conn. characterset: gbk
UNIX socket: /opt/app/mysql/mysql3307.socket
Uptime: 4 min 47 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 19 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 75 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.066
--------------
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]>
小结：在MySQL5.6版本，是否还得使用timestamp类型应该是仁者见仁智者见智的问题了，datetime是五个字节，timestamp范围比较窄（1970-2037年），不排除后续版本会修改其范围值
4.字符类型 表结构，字符集是UTF8
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
看看定长字符类型char的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和NULL中分别为10*3和10*3+1
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add index name_index (name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_index | name_index | 30 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify name char(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_index | name_index | 31 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看变长长字符类型varchar的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和NULL中分别为10*3+2和10*3+2+1
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | address_index | address_index | 32 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify address varchar(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | address_index | address_index | 33 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
来看看复合索引的key_len,（刚才测试GBK字符集，字符集转换成GBK了）
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | NO | | | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key drop index name_index;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key drop index address_index;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add index name_address_index (name,address);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai' and name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 42 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看复合索引的长度，因为能全部使用到组合索引，所以是：2*（10）+2*（20）+2=42,下面将name字段允许为空，再来看看
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify name char(10);
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan' and address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 43 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看复合索引的长度，因为能全部使用到组合索引，所以是：2*（10）+1+2*（20）+2=43
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 21 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
那么我们来看看部分使用复合索引：2*（10）+1,将address设置为允许为空，再来看看
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify address varchar(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan' and address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 44 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
这时候key_len=2*（10）+1+2*（10）+2+1=44
varchr(n)变长字段且不允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+2
char(n)固定字段且允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)
char(n)固定字段且允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)
变长字段需要额外的2个字节（VARCHAR值保存时只保存需要的字符数，另加一个字节来记录长度(如果列声明的长度超过255，则使用两个字节)，所以VARCAHR索引长度计算时候要加2），固定长度字段不需要额外的字节。而null都需要1个字节的额外空间,所以索引字段最好不要为NULL，因为NULL让统计更加复杂，并且需要额外的存储空间。这个结论在此得到了证实，复合索引有最左前缀的特性，如果复合索引能全部使用上，则是复合索引字段的索引长度之和，这也可以用来判定复合索引是否部分使用，还是全部使用。
作者 ：沃趣科技高级数据库专家 邱文辉
前言 当用Explain查看SQL的执行计划时，里面有列显示了 key_len 的值，根据这个值可以判断索引的长度，在组合索引里面可以更清楚的了解到了哪部分字段使用到了索引。下面演示中，表结构的合理性这边暂且不说，只是证明一下索引长度的计算方法。目前大部分博文是字符类型的索引长度计算方法，下面列举几个类型的索引长度计算方法：
1、整数类型 (dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>create index age_index on table_key (age);
来看看tinyint类型的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和 NULL 的时候 分别是1和2,tinyint字段长度为1，因为NULL 需要额外一个字节标记为空
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where age=38;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | age_index | age_index | 1 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify age tinyint(4);
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where age=38;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | age_index | age_index | 2 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
看看bigint类型的索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是8和9,聪明的你应该知道了，bigint长度为8。
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add key sid_index (sid);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 8 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid bigint(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 9 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看smallint类型索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是2和3 smallint长度为2，允许为空需要一个字节标记
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid smallint not null default 0;
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 2 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid smallint ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 3 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看mediumint类型索引长度，同样是 NOT NULL 和 NULL值的时候，分别是3和4
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid mediumint NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 3 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
（dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify sid mediumint ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key where sid=6;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | sid_index | sid_index | 4 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
整数类型索引长度跟字段长度有关，如果允许为空，需要额外一个字节去标记为空
2.浮点数类型 表结构
CREATE TABLE `table_key1` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`c1` float NOT NULL ,
`c2` double NOT NULL ,
`c3` decimal NOT NULL ,
`c4` date NOT NULL ,
`c5` timestamp NOT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,
`c6` datetime NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)
看看float类型的索引长度，NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是4和5
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c1 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c1_index | c1_index | 4 | const | 8 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c1 float;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c1 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c1_index | c1_index | 5 | const | 8 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
看看double类型的索引长度，NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是8和9
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 add key c2_index (c2);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c2 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c2_index | c2_index | 8 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c2 double;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c2 = '3.22';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c2_index | c2_index | 9 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
3、看看时间类型 看看date类型的索引长度，在NOT NULL和NULL的时候，分别是3和4
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c4 = '2015-05-06';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c4_index | c4_index | 3 | const | 4 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c4 date;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c4 = '2015-05-06';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c4_index | c4_index | 4 | const | 4 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
在timestamp类型的时候索引长度，在NOT NULL 和 NULL的时候，分别是4和5
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c5 = '2015-05-06 11:23:21' ;
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c5_index | c5_index | 4 | const | 5 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c5 timestamp ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c5 = '2015-05-06 110:23:21';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c5_index | c5_index | 5 | const | 5 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
##############################在大家认识里datetime是八个字节的长度，下面就来看看，是不是真的这样
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c6 datetime not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c6 = '2015-05-06 11:10:36';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c6_index | c6_index | 5 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> alter table table_key1 modify c6 datetime null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> desc select * from table_key1 where c6 = '2015-05-06 11:10:36';
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key1 | ref | c6_index | c6_index | 6 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
颠覆了我们认识，datetime不是8个字节么，下面来看一下MySQL的版本，没错MySQL5.6是datetime长度是5个字节
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.22, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database: mytest
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.22-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: gbk
Db characterset: gbk
Client characterset: gbk
Conn. characterset: gbk
UNIX socket: /opt/app/mysql/mysql3307.socket
Uptime: 4 min 47 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 19 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 75 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.066
--------------
(dg1)root@localhost [mytest]>
小结：在MySQL5.6版本，是否还得使用timestamp类型应该是仁者见仁智者见智的问题了，datetime是五个字节，timestamp范围比较窄（1970-2037年），不排除后续版本会修改其范围值
4.字符类型 表结构，字符集是UTF8
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
看看定长字符类型char的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和NULL中分别为10*3和10*3+1
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add index name_index (name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_index | name_index | 30 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify name char(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_index | name_index | 31 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看变长长字符类型varchar的索引长度，在NOT NULL 和NULL中分别为10*3+2和10*3+2+1
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | address_index | address_index | 32 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify address varchar(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | address_index | address_index | 33 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------------+---------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
来看看复合索引的key_len,（刚才测试GBK字符集，字符集转换成GBK了）
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> desc table_key;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| sid | bigint(20) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | char(10) | NO | | | |
| age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | tinyint(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rows in set (0.01 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key drop index name_index;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key drop index address_index;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key add index name_address_index (name,address);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where address='shanghai' and name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 42 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看复合索引的长度，因为能全部使用到组合索引，所以是：2*（10）+2*（20）+2=42,下面将name字段允许为空，再来看看
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify name char(10);
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan' and address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 43 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
看看复合索引的长度，因为能全部使用到组合索引，所以是：2*（10）+1+2*（20）+2=43
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 21 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
那么我们来看看部分使用复合索引：2*（10）+1,将address设置为允许为空，再来看看
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> alter table table_key modify address varchar(10);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]> explain extended select * from table_key where name='zhangsan' and address='shanghai';
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | table_key | ref | name_address_index | name_address_index | 44 | const,const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+----------+-----------------------+
row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(dg1)root@127.0.0.1 [mytest]>
这时候key_len=2*（10）+1+2*（10）+2+1=44
总结
1.整数类型，浮点数类型，时间类型的索引长度
NOT NULL=字段本身的字段长度
NULL=字段本身的字段长度+1，因为需要有是否为空的标记，这个标记需要占用1个字节
datetime类型在5.6中字段长度是5个字节
2.字符类型
varchr(n)变长字段且允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)+2varchr(n)变长字段且不允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+2
char(n)固定字段且允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)
char(n)固定字段且允许NULL = n * ( utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)
变长字段需要额外的2个字节（VARCHAR值保存时只保存需要的字符数，另加一个字节来记录长度(如果列声明的长度超过255，则使用两个字节)，所以VARCAHR索引长度计算时候要加2），固定长度字段不需要额外的字节。而null都需要1个字节的额外空间,所以索引字段最好不要为NULL，因为NULL让统计更加复杂，并且需要额外的存储空间。这个结论在此得到了证实，复合索引有最左前缀的特性，如果复合索引能全部使用上，则是复合索引字段的索引长度之和，这也可以用来判定复合索引是否部分使用，还是全部使用。
长度
索引
类型
字段
字节
时候
字符
标记
字符集
整数
方法
版本
结构
部分
组合
时间
点数
空间
范围
中分
数据库的安全要保护哪些东西
数据库安全各自的含义是什么
生产安全数据库录入
数据库的安全性及管理
数据库安全策略包含哪些
海淀数据库安全审计系统
建立农村房屋安全信息数据库
易用的数据库客户端支持安全管理
连接数据库失败ssl安全错误
数据库的锁怎样保障安全
网络安全法 研讨会
人类科技进步推动互联网发展
软件开发可以去部队体验吗
年度工作总结网络技术
机架式服务器有哪些质量证明文件
天津密思软件开发有限公司
算法为什么需要单独服务器
网络技术web5.0
电建央企网络安全总结报告
廊坊市公安局网络安全员招聘
数据库用户密码安全
互联网软件开发的年龄
公安部 网络安全 视频
黑龙江服务器
往数据库导入文件时需要什么权限
传文件服务器浪潮云
服务器入侵工具包
个体软件开发注册场地
软件开发税收优惠政策改革
山东服务器机柜定制
金铲铲不同服务器匹配的人一样吗
人类科技进步推动互联网发展
滨州棋牌软件开发
八八八网络技术有限公司
网络技术基础期末考
软件开发社招45岁
陕西软件开发公司排名
自动投注软件开发
qq的服务器地址
温州建设智慧学校软件开发
