CentOS6.7系统下安装配置Oracle11G R2

一、安装Oracle 11G前环境搭建

本次实验是基于Linux（CentOS6.7_64）下搭建oracle 11g环境，这里选择CentOS安装oracle并不是最佳选择，可以根据需要选择不同的Linux发行版，如Oracle Linux、SuSE Linux、Red Hat、IBM AIX等。

VM或物理机的配置要求：

在实验环境安装oracle11g最少需要2G内存、2个cpu、2G交换分区、磁盘空间不低于20G。

生产环境中，要保证oracle的性能，建议最低配置为8G内存、4个cpu、8G交换分区，如果生产环境比较繁忙，则需要更高的配置。

二、安装Oracle 11G前准备工作

上传oracle11g安装包，解压

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

配置/etc/hosts文件，添加ip与主机名的解析

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6#eth010.11.12.88     hm

创建oracle相关用户和组

[root@hm ~]# groupadd dba[root@hm ~]# groupadd oinstall[root@hm ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle[root@hm ~]# id oracleuid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),500(dba)

创建oracle软件安装目录

[root@hm ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p[root@hm ~]# chown -R oracle. /u01/[root@hm ~]# chmod 775 -R /u01/[root@hm ~]# ls -ld /u01/drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 14 22:58 /u01/

oracle用户环境变量设置，su进入oracle用户下，修改~/.bash_profile文件，添加以下内容

export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_TERM=xtermexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/dbexport ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then        ulimit -p 16384        ulimit -n 65536    else        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536    fifi

修改内核参数，打开/etc/sysctl.conf文件，添加以下参数，并修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 4294967296net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128kernel.shmmni = 4096[root@hm ~]# sysctl -pnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1kernel.msgmnb = 65536kernel.msgmax = 65536kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 4294967296kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 4294967296net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128kernel.shmmni = 4096在/etc/security/limits.conf文件末尾添加如下内容oracle          soft    nproc           2047oracle          hard    nproc           16384oracle          soft    nofile          4096oracle          hard    nofile          65536并同时修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，添加以下内容session    required     pam_limits.so

安装oracle依赖的软件包

三、安装oracle11g软件

解压oracle11g软件包

[root@hm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[root@hm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[root@hm oracle]# chown -R oracle. database/[root@hm oracle]# ls -l database/total 36drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17  2009 docdrwxr-xr-x.  4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15  2009 installdrwxrwxr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15  2009 responsedrwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15  2009 rpm-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall 3226 Aug 15  2009 runInstallerdrwxrwxr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15  2009 sshsetupdrwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15  2009 stage-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 5402 Aug 18  2009 welcome.html

以orcle用户登录图形界面安装oracle，也可以使用vnc远程安装。这里直接用Xshell远程调用linux图形界面进行安装

[root@hm ~]# su - oracle[oracle@hm ~]$ export DISPLAY=10.11.12.1:0.0[oracle@hm ~]$ xhost +

进入database目录，执行runInstalle

[oracle@hm ~]$ cd /usr/local/src/oracle/database/[oracle@hm database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer...Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 21645 MB    PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4095 MB    PassedChecking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-10-15_12-48-55PM. Please wait ...

进入图形界面安装

[root@hm ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@hm ~]# /u01/app/oracle/db/root.shRunning Oracle 11g root.sh script...The following environment variables are set as:    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/dbEnter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root.sh script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.

启动监听

[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2016 23:30:07Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionLog messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                15-OCT-2016 23:30:09Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully

创建数据库实例，oracle用户下使用dbca工具创建

[oracle@hm ~]$ dbca

安装完成检查，查看oracle进程与监听状态

[oracle@hm ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_oracle    6636     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcloracle    6638     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:04 ora_vktm_orcloracle    6642     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcloracle    6644     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcloracle    6646     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcloracle    6648     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcloracle    6650     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:05 ora_dia0_orcloracle    6652     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcloracle    6654     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcloracle    6656     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcloracle    6658     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcloracle    6660     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcloracle    6662     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcloracle    6664     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:02 ora_mmon_orcloracle    6666     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:02 ora_mmnl_orcloracle    6668     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcloracle    6670     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcloracle    6719     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcloracle    6739     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcloracle    6832     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcloracle    6834     1  0 23:41 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcloracle    6842     1  0 23:42 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_orcloracle    6844     1  0 23:42 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_orcloracle   15858  2208  0 23:59 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ora_[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2016 23:59:58Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                15-OCT-2016 23:30:09Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 29 min. 50 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully

登录oracle数据库，查看数据库实例状态、实例名、数据库文件、日志文件

SQL> select status from v$instance;STATUS------------OPENSQL> select name from v$database;NAME---------ORCLSQL> select name from v$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbfSQL> select member from v$logfile;MEMBER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

查看oracle数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionPL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionCORE    11.2.0.1.0    ProductionTNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionNLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

关闭与启动

关闭数据库实例

SQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.

关闭监听

[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-OCT-2016 00:16:41Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))The command completed successfully[oracle@hm ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_oracle   16987  2208  0 00:17 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ora_

启动监听

[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl start

启动实例

[oracle@hm ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Oct 16 00:19:39 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  780824576 bytesFixed Size            2217424 bytesVariable Size          599788080 bytesDatabase Buffers      171966464 bytesRedo Buffers            6852608 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> select status from v$instance;STATUS------------OPEN