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Java怎么实现简易学籍管理系统

发表于:2024-09-21 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年09月21日,这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Java怎么实现简易学籍管理系统的内容。小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,一起跟随小编过来看看吧。具体内容如下1、我们先来讲讲什么是泛型化编程package 学生管理
千家信息网最后更新 2024年09月21日Java怎么实现简易学籍管理系统

这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Java怎么实现简易学籍管理系统的内容。小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,一起跟随小编过来看看吧。

具体内容如下

1、我们先来讲讲什么是泛型化编程

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List; /* * 进行泛型化编程 * @autor:pcb * */public class TestGeneric {    //进行泛型化编程,规定类型。    public List  courses;    public TestGeneric() {        this.courses = new ArrayList();    }    public void testAdd() {        CourseClass cr1 = new CourseClass("1","大学语文");        courses.add(cr1);        //泛型集合中不能添加规定意外的对象        //courses.add("能否添加一些奇怪的东西");        CourseClass cr2 = new CourseClass("2","Java基础");        courses.add(cr2);    }    public void testForEach() {        //进行泛型之后,可直接利用它规定的类型及其子类型直接进行访问        for(CourseClass cr:courses) {            System.out.println(cr.id+":"+cr.name);        }    }    //泛型集合可以添加泛型的子类型的对象实例    public void testChild() {        ChildCourse ccr = new ChildCourse();        ccr.id = "3";        ccr.name = "我是子类的课程实例对象";        courses.add(ccr);    }    //泛型必须使用包装类型进行创建,例如:int和integer    public void testBaic() {        List list = new ArrayList();        list.add(1);        System.out.println("基本类型必须使用包装类作为泛型!"+list.get(0));    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        TestGeneric tg = new TestGeneric();        tg.testAdd();        tg.testForEach();        tg.testChild();        tg.testForEach();        tg.testBaic();        //tg.testForEach();    }}

2、我们开始进行管理系统的创建,创建一个学生类和一个课程类

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;public class StudentsClass implements Comparable  {    public String id;    public String name;        public Set courses;        public StudentsClass(String id,String name){        this.id=id;        this.name=name;        this.courses=new HashSet();    }     @Override    public int hashCode() {        final int prime = 31;        int result = 1;        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());        return result;    }     @Override    public boolean equals(Object obj) {        if (this == obj)            return true;        if (obj == null)            return false;        if (!(obj instanceof StudentsClass))            return false;        StudentsClass other = (StudentsClass) obj;        if (name == null) {            if (other.name != null)                return false;        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))            return false;        return true;    }    public int compareTo(StudentsClass o) {        return this.id.compareTo(o.id);    }}package 学生管理系统; public class CourseClass {    public String id;    public String name;    public CourseClass(String id,String name){        this.id=id;        this.name=name;    }    public CourseClass() {            }        @Override    public int hashCode() {        final int prime = 31;        int result = 1;        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());        return result;    }    @Override    public boolean equals(Object obj) {        if (this == obj)            return true;        if (obj == null)            return false;        if (!(obj instanceof CourseClass))            return false;        CourseClass other = (CourseClass) obj;        if (name == null) {            if (other.name != null)                return false;        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))            return false;        return true;    }}

3、利用List进行增加课程,删除课程,修改课程等的操作

package 学生管理系统;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List; public class ListTest {    //创建public List coursesToSelect;    //构造器    public ListTest(){         this.coursesToSelect = new ArrayList();     }        public void testAdd(){        //加课          CourseClass cr1 = new CourseClass("1","数据结构");          coursesToSelect.add(cr1);           CourseClass temp = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(0);          System.out.println("添加了课程:"+temp.id+":"+temp.name);          CourseClass cr2 = new CourseClass("2","c语言");          coursesToSelect.add(0, cr2);          CourseClass temp2 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(0);          System.out.println("添加了课程:"+temp2.id+":"+temp2.name);          CourseClass[] Course={new CourseClass("3","离散数学"),new CourseClass("4","汇编语言")};          coursesToSelect.addAll(Arrays.asList(Course));          CourseClass temp3 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(2);          CourseClass temp4 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(3);          System.out.println("添加了两门课程:"+temp3.id+":"+temp3.name+";"+temp4.id+":"+temp4.name);          CourseClass[] Course1= {new CourseClass("5","高等数学"),new CourseClass("6","大学英语")};          coursesToSelect.addAll(2, Arrays.asList(Course1));          CourseClass temp5 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(2);          CourseClass temp6 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(3);          System.out.println("添加了两门课程:"+temp5.id+":"+temp5.name+";"+temp6.id+":"+temp6.name);     }        public void test() {            int size = coursesToSelect.size();            for(int i=0;i

4、利用set集合进行删除,添加,查询操作

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import java.util.Scanner; public class SetTest {    //创建    public List  coursesToSelect;    //向屏幕读取    private Scanner console;        public StudentsClass student;    //进行构造    public SetTest() {        coursesToSelect = new ArrayList();        console = new Scanner(System.in);    }        public void testAdd(){        //加课          CourseClass cr1 = new CourseClass("1","数据结构");          coursesToSelect.add(cr1);           CourseClass temp = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(0);          //System.out.println("添加了课程:"+temp.id+":"+temp.name);          CourseClass cr2 = new CourseClass("2","c语言");          coursesToSelect.add(0, cr2);          CourseClass temp2 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(0);          //System.out.println("添加了课程:"+temp2.id+":"+temp2.name);          CourseClass[] Course={new CourseClass("3","离散数学"),new CourseClass("4","汇编语言")};          coursesToSelect.addAll(Arrays.asList(Course));          CourseClass temp3 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(2);          CourseClass temp4 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(3);          //System.out.println("添加了两门课程:"+temp3.id+":"+temp3.name+";"+temp4.id+":"+temp4.name);          CourseClass[] Course1= {new CourseClass("5","高等数学"),new CourseClass("6","大学英语")};          coursesToSelect.addAll(2, Arrays.asList(Course1));          CourseClass temp5 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(2);          CourseClass temp6 = (CourseClass)coursesToSelect.get(3);          //System.out.println("添加了两门课程:"+temp5.id+":"+temp5.name+";"+temp6.id+":"+temp6.name);     }    public void testForEach() {        System.out.println("可选择的课程(通过FOREACH访问):");        for(Object obj:coursesToSelect) {            CourseClass cr  = (CourseClass) obj;            System.out.println("课程"+":"+cr.id+":"+cr.name);        }    }    //查询是否包含此课程    public void testListContains() {        CourseClass course = coursesToSelect.get(0);        System.out.println("取得课程:"+course.name);                System.out.println("备选课程是否包含课程:"+course.name+","                +coursesToSelect.contains(course));        System.out.println("请输入课程名称:");        String name = console.next();        CourseClass course2 = new CourseClass();        course2.name = name;        System.out.println("新创建课程:"+course2.name);        System.out.println("备选课程是否包含课程:"+course2.name+","                +coursesToSelect.contains(course2));        //indexof来求出索引                if(coursesToSelect.contains(course2)) {                    System.out.println("课程:"+course2.name+"的索引位置为:"+                coursesToSelect.indexOf(course2));                }    }    public void creatStudentAndSelect() {        //创建一个学生对象                 student = new StudentsClass("1","小明");                System.out.println("欢迎学生:"+student.name+"选课!");                //从键盘输入课程                Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);                for(int i = 0;i<3;i++) {                    System.out.println("请输入课程ID");                    String courseId = console.next();                    for(CourseClass cr :coursesToSelect) {                        if(cr.id.equals(courseId)) {                            student.courses.add(cr);                        student.courses.add(null);                        student.courses.add(cr);                        }                    }                }    }    //测试Set的contains方法    public void testSetContains() {        System.out.println("请输入学生已选的课程名:");        String name =  console.next();        CourseClass course2 = new CourseClass();        course2.name = name;        System.out.println("新创建课程:"+course2.name);        System.out.println("备选课程是否包含课程:"+course2.name+","                +student.courses.contains(course2));            }    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        SetTest st = new SetTest();        st.testAdd();         st.testForEach();        st.testListContains();//        st.creatStudentAndSelect();//        st.testSetContains();    }}

5、利用Map进行增加,删除,查询,修改操作

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Map.Entry;import java.util.Scanner;import java.util.Set; public class MapTest {    public Mapstudents;    //利用哈希键值对进行创建    public MapTest() {    this.students = new HashMap();}    //进行学生的插入操作     public void testPut() {         Scanner console = new Scanner (System.in);         int i = 0;         while(i<3) {             System.out.println("请输入学生ID:");             String ID = console.next();             StudentsClass st = students.get(ID);             if(st == null) {                 System.out.println("请输入学生姓名:");                 String name = console.next();                 StudentsClass newStudent = new StudentsClass(ID,name);                 students.put(ID,newStudent);                 System.out.println("成功添加学生:"+students.get(ID).name);                 i++;             }else {                 System.out.println("该学生ID已经被占用!");                 continue;             }         }     }     //利用keyset方法将key值放在一个集合中,然后利用key值进行遍历     public void testKeySet() {         SetkeySet = students.keySet();         //进行遍历         for(String stuID:keySet) {             StudentsClass st = students.get(stuID);             if(st != null) {                 System.out.println("学生:"+st.name);             }         }     }     //进行删除操作     public void testRmove() {         Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);         while(true) {         System.out.println("请输入要删除的学生ID!");         String ID = console.next();         StudentsClass st = students.get(ID);          if(st == null) {              System.out.println("该ID不存在!");              continue;          }          students.remove(ID);          System.out.println("成功删除学生:"+st.name);          break;     }}     //通过entryset来遍历Map     public void testEntrySet() {         Set>entrySet = students.entrySet();        for(Entry entry:entrySet) {                System.out.println("取得键:"+entry.getKey());                System.out.println("对应的值为:"+entry.getValue().name);        }      }     //进行修改操作     public void testModify() {         System.out.println("请输入要修改的学生ID:");         Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);         while(true) {             String stuID = console.next();             StudentsClass student = students.get(stuID);             if(student == null) {                 System.out.println("该ID不存在!请重新输入!");                 continue;             }             System.out.println("当前学生ID,所对应的学生为:"+student.name);             System.out.println("请输入新的学生姓名:");             String name =  console.next();             StudentsClass newStudent = new StudentsClass(stuID,name);             students.put(stuID,newStudent);             System.out.println("修改成功");         }     }     //通过键值或值进行查询操作     public void testContainsKeyOrValue() {         System.out.println("请输入要查询的学生ID:");         Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);         String id = console.next();         System.out.println("您输入的学生ID为:"+id+"在学生映射表中是否存在:"+         students.containsKey(id)                 );         if(students.containsKey(id)) {             System.out.println("对应的学生为:"+students.get(id).name);         }         System.out.println("请输入要查询的学生姓名:");         String name = console.next();         if(students.containsValue(new StudentsClass(null,name)))             System.out.println("在学生映射表中确实包含学生:"+name);         else             System.out.println("在学生映射表中不存在该学生");     }    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        MapTest mt = new MapTest();        mt.testPut();        mt.testKeySet();//        mt.testRmove();//        mt.testEntrySet();//        mt.testModify();//        mt.testEntrySet();        mt.testContainsKeyOrValue();    }}

6、进行重载比较

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.Comparator; public class StudentComparator implements Comparator {     @Override    public int compare(StudentsClass o1, StudentsClass o2) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub                        return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);    } }

7、进行排序操作

package 学生管理系统; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.List;import java.util.Random; public class CollectionTest {        //利用Collection内部方法进行排序操作    public void testSort1() {        //进行整形排序        ListintergerList = new ArrayList();        Random random = new Random();        Integer k;        for(int i = 0;i < 10; i++) {             do {            k = random.nextInt(100);             }while(intergerList.contains(k));             intergerList.add(k);             System.out.println("成功添加整数:"+k);             System.out.println("--------排序前-------");             for(Integer integer:intergerList) {                 System.out.println("元素:"+integer);             }             Collections.sort(intergerList);             System.out.println("--------排序后-------");             for(Integer integer:intergerList)                  System.out.println("元素:"+integer);        }    }    //进行String排序    public void testSort2() {        ListstringList = new ArrayList();        stringList.add("microsoft");        stringList.add("google");        stringList.add("lenovo");        System.out.println("--------排序前-------");        for(String string : stringList) {            System.out.println("元素:"+string);        }        Collections.sort(stringList);        System.out.println("--------排序后-------");        for(String string : stringList) {            System.out.println("元素:"+string);        }    }    //对StudentsClass类进行排序,这里就需要进行equal和hashcode的重载    public void testSort3() {        ListStudentList = new ArrayList();        Random random = new Random();        StudentList.add(new StudentsClass(random.nextInt(1000)+"","mike"));        StudentList.add(new StudentsClass(random.nextInt(1000)+"","lucy"));        StudentList.add(new StudentsClass(random.nextInt(1000)+"","angel"));        System.out.println("--------排序前-------");        for(StudentsClass student:StudentList) {            System.out.println("学生:"+student.id+student.name);        }        Collections.sort(StudentList);        System.out.println("--------排序后-------");        for(StudentsClass student:StudentList) {            System.out.println("学生:"+student.id+student.name);        }        Collections.sort(StudentList,new StudentComparator());        System.out.println("----------按照姓名排序----------");        for(StudentsClass student:StudentList) {            System.out.println("学生:"+student.id+student.name);        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        CollectionTest ct = new CollectionTest();        //ct.testSort1();        //ct.testSort2();        ct.testSort3();    } }

8、辅助类。

package 学生管理系统; public class ChildCourse extends CourseClass {      }

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