实现MySQL读写分离 部署集群基础环境(有图)

实现MySQL读写分离部署集群基础环境

1 实现MySQL读写分离
1.1 问题

本案例要求配置2台MySQL服务器+1台代理服务器，实现MySQL代理的读写分离：

用户只需要访问MySQL代理服务器，而实际的SQL查询、写入操作交给后台的2台MySQL服务器来完成其中Master服务器允许SQL查询、写入，Slave服务器只允许SQL查询

1.2 方案

使用4台RHEL 7.2虚拟机，如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10、192.168.4.20分别作为MySQL主、从服务器，是整个服务的后端；另一台192.168.4.100作为MySQL代理服务器，是直接面向客户的服务前端；客户机192.168.4.120用作访问测试。

图－1

对比两种方式的读写分离效果--

MySQL主从复制：客户机访问Master服务器来写数据库，客户机访问Slave服务器来读数据库。这种情况下，需要客户端自行区分向何处写、从何处读。MySQL主从复制+代理：客户机访问Proxy服务器，读、写请求交给Proxy识别，如果是写数据库操作则交给Master，如果是读数据库操作则交给Slave处理，具体由分配策略控制。这种情况下，无需客户端区分读、写目标，而是由Proxy服务器代劳了，从而降低了客户端程序的复杂度。

其中MySQL主、从复制结构的搭建参考前面的课程，这里不再赘述。
1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：部署mysql-proxy代理服务器

1）安装mariadb官方提供的maxscale软件包

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh maxscale-2.1.2-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm 

修改配置文件：

[root@pxysvr pub]# [root@bogon ~]# grep -E -v '^#' /etc/maxscale.cnf[maxscale]threads=1[server1]  #指定ip地址对应的名字type=serveraddress=192.168.4.10  #主数据库服务器ip地址port=3306protocol=MySQLBackend[server2] #指定ip地址对应的名字type=serveraddress=192.168.4.20  #从数据库服务器ip地址port=3306protocol=MySQLBackend[MySQL Monitor] #指定要监控的主机 和监控时连接的用户type=monitormodule=mysqlmonservers=server1， server2 #前边定义的主机名user=scalemon    # 用户名passwd=111111    # 密码monitor_interval=10000#[Read-Only Service]#type=service#router=readconnroute#servers=server1#user=myuser#passwd=mypwd#router_options=slave[Read-Write Service] #定义服务器列表type=servicerouter=readwritesplitservers=server1， server2 #前边定义的主机名user=maxscale    # 用户名passwd=111111   # 密码max_slave_connections=100%[MaxAdmin Service]type=servicerouter=cli#[Read-Only Listener]#type=listener#service=Read-Only Service#protocol=MySQLClient#port=4008[Read-Write Listener]type=listenerservice=Read-Write Serviceprotocol=MySQLClientport=4006[MaxAdmin Listener]type=listenerservice=MaxAdmin Serviceprotocol=maxscaledsocket=default[root@bogon ~]# 

分别在主、从数据库服务器上添加授权用户（只在主服务器授权即可 从服务器会自动同步）：

[root@pxysvr pub]# mysql> grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to scalemon@'%'  identified by "111111";  //创建监控用户mysql> grant select on mysql.* to maxscale@'%' identified by "111111";  //创建路由用户mysql> grant all  on *.*  to  student@'%' identified by "111111";//创建客户端访问用户    

2）启动maxscale服务

[root@bogon ~]# maxscale --config=/etc/maxscale.cnf[root@bogon ~]# netstat -utnalp | grep maxscaletcp        0      0 192.168.4.100:58960     192.168.4.10:3306      ESTABLISHED 19081/maxscale      tcp        0      0 192.168.4.100:43508     192.168.4.20:3306      ESTABLISHED 19081/maxscale      tcp6       0      0 :::4006                 :::*                    LISTEN      19081/maxscale      [root@bogon ~]# kill -9 19081        //通过杀进程的方式停止服务

步骤二：测试配置

1）在客户端192.168.4.120上使用上边授权用户student 连接代理服务器192.168.4.100:

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -h292.168.4.100 -P4006 -ustudent  -p111111MySQL [(none)]> select  @@hostname; //显示当前访问的主机+----------------+| @@hostname      |+----------------+| slave20         |   //显示的是从服务器的主机名+----------------+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> insert  into bbsdb.a values(111);//插入新纪录

客户端当前访问的是从数据库服务器，仍然能够插入纪录。表示成功。
2 部署集群基础环境
2.1 问题

本案例要求为MySQL集群准备基础环境，完成以下任务操作：

数据库授权部署MySQL双主多从结构配置本机hosts解析记录

2.2 方案

使用4台RHEL 6虚拟机，如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10、192.168.4.11作为MySQL双主服务器，192.168.4.12、192.168.4.13作为主服务器的从服务器。

图－1
2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：准备环境

[root@master1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.4.10     master1         master1.tarena.com192.168.4.11     master2         master2.tarena.com192.168.4.12     slave1            slave1.tarena.com192.168.4.13     slave2            slave2.tarena.com192.168.4.100   master1         master1.tarena.com[root@master1 ~]# ping -c 2 master1PING master1 (192.168.4.10) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from master1 (192.168.4.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.378 ms64 bytes from master1 (192.168.4.10): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.396 ms--- master1 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.378/0.387/0.396/0.009 ms[root@master1 ~]#

步骤二：部署数据库主机

1）安装启动数据库（4台数据库主机master1，master2，slave1，slave2执行以下操作）

[root@master1 ~]# tar xvf MySQL-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar    //解压软件包.. ..[root@master1 ~]# rpm -Uvh MySQL-*.rpm                                //安装MySQL.. ..[root@master1 ~]# service mysql startStarting MySQL.                                            [确定]

2）初始化配置数据库（4台数据库主机master1，master2，slave1，slave2执行以下操作）

[root@master1 ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret         //查看随机生成密码# The random password set for the root user at Thu May  7 22:15:47 2015 (local time): wW1BNAjD[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -pwW1BNAjD        //使用随机生成密码登陆Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.15Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password=password("pwd123");          //修改数据库root密码Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)mysql> exitBye[root@master1 ~]#

步骤三：部署双主多从结构

1）数据库授权（4台数据库主机master1，master2，slave1，slave2执行以下操作）

部署主从同步只需要授权一个主从同步用户即可，但是我们要部署MySQL-MMM架构，所以在这里我们将MySQL-MMM所需用户一并进行授权设置。再授权一个测试用户，在架构搭建完成时测试使用。

[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

数据库授权部分为了方便试验我们直接允许所有地址访问了，真实环境需谨慎

mysql> grant   replication  slave  on  *.*  to  slaveuser@"%" identified by  "pwd123";                                //主从同步授权Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> grant  replication  client  on *.*  to  monitor@"%" identified by "monitor";                                         //MMM所需架构用户授权Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)        mysql> grant  replication client,process,super   on *.*  to  agent@"%" identified by "agent";                                 //MMM所需架构用户授权Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> grant  all  on *.*  to  root@"%" identified by "pwd123";  //测试用户授权Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>

2）开启主数据库binlog日志、设置server_id（master1，master2）

master1设置：

[root@master1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysqlserver_id=10                        //设置server_id,该值集群中不可以重复log-bin                            //开启bin-log日志# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@master1 ~]# service mysql restart                //重启MySQL服务Shutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]Starting MySQL..                                           [确定][root@master1 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/master1-bin*        //查看binlog日志是否生成/var/lib/mysql/master1-bin.000001  /var/lib/mysql/master1-bin.index[root@master1 ~]#

master2设置：

[root@master2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysqlserver_id=11log-bin# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@master2 ~]# service mysql restartShutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]Starting MySQL.                                            [确定][root@master2 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/master2-bin.*/var/lib/mysql/master2-bin.000001  /var/lib/mysql/master2-bin.index

3）从库设置server_id

slave1设置：

[root@slave1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysqlserver_id=12# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@slave1 ~]# service mysql restartShutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]Starting MySQL..                                           [确定][root@slave1 ~]#

slave2设置：

[root@slave2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysqlserver_id=13# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@slave2 ~]# service mysql restartShutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]Starting MySQL.                                            [确定][root@slave2 ~]#

4）配置主从从从关系

配置master2、slave1、slave2成为master1的从服务器

查看master1服务器binlong日志使用节点信息：

[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> show master status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************             File: master1-bin.000001         Position: 120     Binlog_Do_DB:  Binlog_Ignore_DB: Executed_Gtid_Set: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

设置master2为master1从：

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> change  master  to                         //设置主服务器信息    -> master_host="192.168.4.10",                //设置主服务器IP地址    -> master_user="slaveuser",                //设置主从同步用户    -> master_password="pwd123",                //设置主从同步密码    -> master_log_file="master1-bin.000001",    //设置主库binlog日志名称    -> master_log_pos=120;                        //设置主从binlog日志使用节点Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)mysql> start slave;                            //启动同步进程Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status\G                        //查看主从是否成功.. ..

启动同步进程后查看IO节点和SQL节点是否为Yes如果均为Yes表示主从正常。

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes                //IO节点正常            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                //SQL节点正常.. ..mysql>

设置slave1为master1从：

[root@slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> change  master  to     -> master_host="192.168.4.10",    -> master_user="slaveuser",    -> master_password="pwd123",    -> master_log_file="master1-bin.000001",                        -> master_log_pos=120;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)mysql> show slave status\G.. ..             Slave_IO_Running: Yes                //IO节点正常            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                //SQL节点正常.. ..mysql>

设置slave2为master1从：

[root@slave2 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> change  master  to     -> master_host="192.168.4.10",    -> master_user="slaveuser",    -> master_password="pwd123",    -> master_log_file="master1-bin.000001",                        -> master_log_pos=120;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.13 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)mysql> show slave status\G.. ..             Slave_IO_Running: Yes                //IO节点正常            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                //SQL节点正常.. ..mysql>

5）配置主主从从关系，将master1配置为master2的从

查看master2的binlog使用信息：

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> show master status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************             File: master2-bin.000001         Position: 120     Binlog_Do_DB:  Binlog_Ignore_DB: Executed_Gtid_Set: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

设置master1成为master2的从：

[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> change  master  to     -> master_host="192.168.4.11",    -> master_user="slaveuser",    -> master_password="pwd123",    -> master_log_file="master2-bin.000001",                        -> master_log_pos=120;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.31 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)mysql> show slave status\G.. ..             Slave_IO_Running: Yes                //IO节点正常            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes                //SQL节点正常.. ..mysql>

6）测试主从架构是否成功

master1更新数据，查看其它主机是否同步：

[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123.. ..mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create database tarena;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || tarena             || test               |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

master2主机查看：

[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123 -e "show databases"Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || tarena             || test               |+--------------------+[root@master2 ~]#

slave1主机查看：

[root@slave1 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123 -e "show databases"Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || tarena             || test               |+--------------------+[root@slave1 ~]#

slave2主机查看：

[root@slave2 ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123 -e "show databases"Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || tarena             || test               |+--------------------+[root@slave2 ~]#